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Topic: Battle of Arfderydd

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	Merlin
		Note that Geoffrey had never given a name to this battle, but in the Welsh legend of Myrddin, it was known as the Battle of Arfderydd, fought in AD 573.
		According to the Welsh Triads, the Battle of Arfderydd was one of the "Three Futile Battles".
		The battle of Arfderydd between the sons of Eliffer and Gwenddolau son of Ceidio; in which battle Gwenddolau fell; Merlin went mad.
	www.timelessmyths.com /arthurian/merlin.html (7659 words)

	List of battles 1400 BC-AD 600
		Battle of Himera The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of Syracuse.
		Battle of Sellasia Defeat of Cleomenes III of Sparta by Antigonus Doson of Macedon and the Achaean League
		Battle of Herdonia Hannibal destroys the Roman army of the praetor Gnaeus Fulvius.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_battles_1400_bc_ad_600.html (4725 words)

	List of battles 1400 BC-600 AD
		225 BC Battle of Faesulae[?] The Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy.
		357 Battle of Strasbourg (357)[?] Julian expels the Alamanni from the Rhineland
		447 Battle of the Utus[?] Attila the Hun is defeated by the East Romans in an indecisive battle
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_battles_1400_BC-600_AD.html (4447 words)

	The Annales Cambriae
		613 - The battle of Caer Legion [Chester].
		And the battle of Hehil among the Cornish, the battle of Garth Maelog, the battle of Pencon among the south Britons, and the Britons were the victors in those three battles.
		760 - A battle between the Britons and the Saxons, that is the battle of Hereford and Dyfnwal son of Tewdwr dies.
	www.maryjones.us /ctexts/annales.html (1035 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Merlin (wizard)
		The earliest Welsh poems that concern the Myrddin legend present him as a madman living a wretched existence in the Caledonian Forest[?], dwelling on his former existence and the disaster that brought him low: the death of his lord Gwenddolau[?], whom he served as bard.
		The allusions in these poems serve to sketch out the events of the Battle of Arfderydd[?], where Rhydderch Hael[?] king of Rheged slaughtered the forces of Gwenddolau, and Merddin went mad watching this defeat.
		He added that he had been the cause for the deaths of all of the persons killed in the battle fought "on the plain between Liddel and Carwannok." Having told his story, the madman lept up and fled from the presence of the saint back into the wilderness.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/me/Merlin_(wizard) (639 words)

	Annales Cambriae
		The Battle of Badon, in which Arthur carried the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ for three days and three nights on his shoulders and the Britons were the victors.
		The battle of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut fell [usually dated to 511]: and there was plague in Britain and Ireland.
		The battle of Cogfry in which Oswald king of the Northmen and Eawa [Eoba] king of the Mercians fell.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/FeaturesBritain/BritishAnnalesCambriae.htm (1091 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: The Annales Cambriae (Annals of Wales)
		Battle between the Picts and the Briton, that is the battle of Mocetauc.
		A battle between the Britons and the Saxons, that is the battle of Hereford and Dyfnwal son of Tewdwr dies.
		And the battle of Carno ‡between the sons of Hywel and the sons of Idwal‡.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/annalescambriae.html (969 words)

	Encyclopedia of the Celts : Radigund - Running Water
		The raven is also associated with the wren in prophecy and divination, appears with the swan in solar symbolism, and is connected with the dove-cote as a house-symbol, this probably being pre-Celtic.
		The Raven of Battle, the Goddess Badb, symbolizes war, bloodshed, and malevolence.
		He fought on Fomorian side in the second Battle of Mag Tuired and was sent to spy on the dispositions of the Tuatha de Danaan, particularly on their provision of arms and the nature of the healing well Slane with which Diancecht healed their men.
	www.celticgrounds.com /chapters/encyclopedia/r.html (5880 words)

	Merlin (wizard) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The earliest Welsh poems that concern the Myrddin legend present him as a madman living a wretched existence in the Caledonian Forest, ruminating on his former existence and the disaster that brought him low: the death of his lord Gwenddolau, whom he served as bard.
		The allusions in these poems serve to sketch out the events of the Battle of Arfderydd, where Rhydderch Hael king of Rheged slaughtered the forces of Gwenddolau, and Myrddin went mad watching this defeat.
		In it, Merlin has supposedly lain asleep for centuries to be awakened for the battle against the materialistic agents of the devil, able to consort with the angelic powers because he came from a time when sorcery was not yet a corrupt art.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Merlin+(wizard) (2253 words)

	Myrddin Wyllt Information
		Myrddin Wyllt is said to have gone mad after a certain battle in 573 C.E. He fled into the forest and lived with the animals.
		The allusions in these poems serve to sketch out the events of the Battle of Arfderydd, where Riderch Hael, King of Alt Clut (Strathclyde) slaughtered the forces of Gwenddoleu, and Myrddin went mad watching this defeat.
		The Annales Cambriae date this battle to AD 573, and name Gwenddoleu's adversaries as the sons of Eliffer, presumably Gwrgi and Peredur.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Myrddin_Wyllt (543 words)

	The Chronicle of Ystrad Fflur: Maelgwn Gwynedd to Rhodri Mawr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In this year was the battle of Arfderydd between the sons of Eliffer and Gweddolau son of Ceido; in which battle Gwenddolau fell; Myrddin went mad.
		And this was the third futile battle of the Island of Britain.
		In this year was the battle of Meigen; and there Edwin was slain with his two sons; and Cadwallon ap Cadfan was the victor.
	www.webexcel.ision.co.uk /gwarnant/hanes/chronicle/chroniclemaelgwn.htm (798 words)

	Merlin (wizard) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The earliest Welsh poems that concern the Myrddin legend present him as a madman living a wretched existence in the Caledonian Forest, ruminating on his former existence and the disaster that brought him low: the death of his lord Gwenddolau, whom he served as (An ornamental caparison for a horse) bard.
		The allusions in these poems serve to sketch out the events of the Battle of Arfderydd, where Rhydderch Hael king of (additional info and facts about Rheged) Rheged slaughtered the forces of Gwenddolau, and Merddin went mad watching this defeat.
		The Annales Cambriae date this battle to AD (additional info and facts about 573) 573, and name Gwenddolau's adversaries as Gwrgi and (additional info and facts about Peredur) Peredur, the sons of Eliffer.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/M/Me/Merlin_(wizard).htm (2080 words)

	University of St. Michael's College
		In one poem he goes mad upon the death of his lord Gwenddoleu at the battle of Arfderydd, and begins to lament under an apple tree, a locale with Celtic otherworldly connotations.
		The connection of a prophetic vision provoked by the battle of Arfderydd planted the seeds for Merlin as a seer somehow especially connected to secular, political matters.
		The tale of the battle between the two dragons is directly incorporated into Geoffrey of Monmouth’s text, and the child-prodigy becomes “Merlin, who was also called Ambrosius,” thus fusing the two pre-existing traditions and introducing an almost entirely new character into his narrative.
	www.utoronto.ca /stmikes/saeculum/journal-issues/iss_1_vol1/christianityandsociety.html (2713 words)

	[No title]
		Lailoken was connected to the Battle of Arfderydd in 573.
		It is probable that Lailoken existed in tales since the Battle of Arfderydd in 573 but were not set to parchment until the twelfth century and the scribes of the tale were influenced by other references to Merlin.
		This passage ties Myrddin to Taliesin, the Battle of Arfderydd (previously mentioned in the poem), to the Caledonian Wood, madness, and prophecy.
	homepage.mac.com /schneesmom1/merlinexcerpt.htm (1269 words)

	Early Welsh chronicles covering King Arthur
		Attributed to the 7th century poet Aneirin, Y Gododdin ("The Gododdin"), is a series of 99 elegies to the men of the kingdom of Gododdin in north-eastern Britain who fell in the battle of Catraeth, thought to be Catterick in North Yorkshire, against the Angles, ca.
		The earliest mention of Arthur may be in Y Gododdin, a collection of elegies commemorating the fallen heroes of a battle fought c.AD 600 at Catraeth.
		The Annales also record a battle called Arfderydd in 575, after which "Myrddin went mad." This battle and subsequent madness of Myrddin are also mentioned in the Black Book of Carmarthen.
	www.legendofkingarthur.co.uk /literature/welsh-literature.htm (1067 words)

	Merlin Chapter One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As he lies dying on the field of battle, he orders one of his knights to throw Excalibur, the source of all his power, into a lake where the hand of the Lady of the Lake rises from the surface to catch the weapon and take it down into the watery depths.
		A poem called Commanding Youth refers to the mad Myrddin living in northern Britain after the battle of Arfderydd, as does the a poem called The Prophesy of the Eagle, in which, although Myrddin is not mentioned by name, the speaker appears to be the same forest-dwelling recluse from the other works.
		The battle of Arfderydd between the sons of Eliffer and Gwenddolau son of Ceidio; in which battle Gwenddolau fell and Myrddin went mad.
	www.grahamphillips.net /Merlin/merlin_chapter.htm (4401 words)

	Was Merlin an old Magician or a young Fortuneteller? \| King Arthur & The Knights of the Round Table
		Geoffrey's Merlin is thought to be based on the Welsh Myrddin, a wise man who went mad after the battle of Arfderydd and retired to the Celidon Forest.
		Merlin is said to have been born in Carmarthen, which means "Myrddin Town." He is said to have been the child of a human mother and an incubus, or demon.
		After a particularly bloody battle, Ambrosius asked Merlin how the dead should be remembered; the seer replied that the Giants' Ring should be built in Salisbury.
	www.kingarthursknights.com /faq/merlin.asp (799 words)

	Celidon
		Scottish forest that is the location of Arthur's seventh battle in the Historia Brittonum by Nennius where Arthur fought the Picts and the Angles.
		Perhaps he was battling Picts as part of some kind of alliance for, around the middle of the 5th century CE, there was an Anglo-Pictish alliance mentioned by Bede in the Historia Ecclesiastica.
		Celidon is also the location of the mad, prophetic wanderings of Lailoken, the "Wild Man of the Woods," driven insane by the Battle of Arfderydd in Cumbria circa 575 CE.
	www.pantheon.org /articles/c/celidon.html (255 words)

	Merlin (wizard): Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Merlin (wizard)
		The earliest Welsh poems that concern the Myrddin legend present him as a madman living a wretched existence in the Caledonian Forest[?], dwelling on his former existence and the disaster that brought him low: the death of his lord Gwenddolau[?], whom he served as bard.
		The allusions in these poems serve to sketch out the events of the Battle of Arfderydd[?], where Rhydderch Hael[?] king of Rheged slaughtered the forces of Gwenddolau, and Merddin went mad watching this defeat.
		He appears several times more in the narrative until at last asking St. Kentigern for the Sacrament, prophecizing that he was about to die a triple death.
	www.encyclopedian.com /me/Merlin-(wizard).html (645 words)

	Caer Feddwyd - Encyclopaedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Gododdin is a series of elegies for friends who fell in the battle, which was fought in around 600CE.
		He seems to have been an onlooker at the battle, and the poems tell us that he was taken captive afterwards and subsequently rescued.
		To see her is unlucky, portending battle, or a death in the community, usually of the person who has witnessed her.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /blackbirdhollins/Encyclopaedia.htm (6647 words)

	King Arthur's Twelve Battles
		"The seventh battle was in the Caledonian Forest, that is, the Battle of Celidon Coit": As well as unconvincing arguments for the Chilterns and the Sussex Weald, some follow Geoffrey of Monmouth in supporting a wood just north of Lincoln for the location of this battle.
		The latter was the location for a pre-Camlann battle between Arthur and his usurping nephew, Morded, according to Geoffrey of Monmouth.
		Presumably therefore, Arthur, as Cai's patron in the poem, was the British commander at the battle.
	www.britannia.com /history/arthur/kabattles.html (1987 words)

	Padel, by August Hunt
		A battle poem available to the author of the Historia Brittonum may well have been significantly older than the stories concerning the folkloristic Arthur which imprinted themselves on the Welsh landscape.
		Padel tells us that the geographical and chronological spans of the battles "in so far as they can be identified at all" are too great to have been fought by one commander.
		Padel’s suggestion that Arthur’s Celidon Wood battle might be a reference to the battle of Arfderydd fought c.
	www.geocities.com /vortigernstudies/articles/guestdan9.htm (1306 words)

	Arthurian Fact, Myth, and Legend - Castle Duncan Forums
		"The first battle was at the mouth of the river called Glein": This has been tentatively identified as one of the two Rivers Glen in Britain today, one in Lincolnshire and one in Northumberland.
		Perhaps the battle was connected with King Lot of Gododdin being one of the eleven kings who rebelled against Arthur at the beginning of his reign.
		"The twelfth battle was on Badon Hill and in it nine hundred and sixty men fell in one day, from a single charge of Arthur's, and no-one lay them low save he alone.": It was at the Battle of Mount Badon that tradition says the Saxon advance into Britain was finally halted.
	www.castleduncan.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=721&st=80 (2831 words)

	The Flâneur - Library - Articles - King Arthur and the Doorway to Avalon
		The Battle of Goddeu, caused by a bitch, a roebuck and a plover;
		The Battle of Arfderydd, caused by a lark's nest;
		It was the subject of the climactic quest of Arthur’s court, and after the final battle at Camlann, Arthur was taken to Avalon, and was later buried at Glastonbury.
	www.theflaneur.co.uk /arthur.html (3742 words)

	Merlin (wizard) - Wikinfo
		The earliest Welsh poems that concern the Myrddin legend present him as a madman living a wretched existence in the Caledonian Forest, ruminating on his former existence and the disaster that brought him low: the death of his lord Gwenddolau, whom he served as bard.
		The Annales Cambriae date this battle to AD 573, and name Gwenddolau's adversaries as Gwrgi and Peredur, the sons of Eliffer.
		He appears several times more in the narrative until at last asking St. Kentigern for the Sacrament, prophesying that he was about to die a triple death.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Merlin_(wizard) (2170 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > 573
		In 590 he will become Pope Gregory I, known as "the Great"
		The Battle of Arfderydd[?] between Gwenddolau[?] and Gwrgi[?] and Peredur[?], the sons of Eliffer[?].
		The forces of Gwenddolau were slaughtered, and Myrddin went mad watching this defeat.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/57/573?title=Battle_of_Arfderydd (107 words)

	Clann Arthur : Oor Arthur : Mervin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The final Christian victory in Northern Britain came with the battle of Arfderydd (or Arthuret) fought in 573AD in the borderlands to the North of Carlisle, although another theory (which I favour) places the battle site at Airdrie in the Clyde Valley.
		Historians still dispute whether Arthuret was an Arthurian battle, as the date is too late for the mythical Arthur of the early sixth century, but the time frame fits perfectly with the historic warrior Artur MacAeden of the late sixth century.
		During the battle Rydderch Hael (“King” of Strathclyde) killed the "British Prince" Gwendoleu; the combined forces of the North annihilated the Pagan/Northumbrian host, and the druid Myrddin who was Gwendoleu's chief advisor (and "husband" to Rydderch Hael's sister!) went insane from witnessing the slaughter.
	www.clanarthur.co.uk /allpages/oorarthur/mervin.htm (693 words)

	The Coeling Lineages of BRIGANTIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, Constantine of Galloway battled Eoghann I, K/Dalriada (Kintyre Scots) somewhere near the headwaters of the Humber, implying that the territory which the hereditary DUX BRITANNIORUM was expected to control included the tribal lands of the Brigantes (and the Brigantian sept of the Carvetii), as well as the lands between the two Roman walls.
		Father died in battle vs. Arthur after murdering his bro Cynvarch and dispossessing 3 sons, who appealed to Arthur at his first plenary court; Rheged then re-united and awarded to Urien ap Cynvarch.
		Morgan ap Coledag arranged the assassination of Urien Rheged (574 CE) during seige of Bamburgh/Metcaud, killed Owain ap Urien in battle in 593 CE, in revenge for deposition/eviction of his grandfather from throne of Bryneich by Auguselos ap Cynvarch after Arthur's death in 535.
	solitaire2.bravehost.com /genealogies/coeling_lineages.htm (2261 words)

	EBK: King Arthur's Battles
		"The seventh battle was in the Caledonian Forest, that is, the Battle of Celidon Coit":
		Perhaps the battle was connected with King Lot of Gododdin being one of the eleven kings who rebelled against Arthur at the beginning of his reign.
		Arthur's last battle, where he was fatally wounded, is not mentioned by Nennius.
	www.earlybritishkingdoms.com /arthur/kabattles.html (1990 words)

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