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	Battle of Ascalon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Ascalon took place on August 12, 1099, and is often considered the last action of the First Crusade.
		This arrangement was also used as the line of battle outside Ascalon, with the left wing between the Jerusalem and Jaffa Gates, the right aligned with the Mediterranean coast, and the left facing the Jaffa Gate.
		After the battle, almost all of the remaining crusaders returned to their homes in Europe, their vows of pilgrimage having been fulfilled.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Ascalon (1117 words)

	Battle of Dorylaeum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dorylaeum – Antioch – Jerusalem – Ascalon – Crusade of 1101
		The Battle of Dorylaeum took place during the First Crusade on July 1, 1097, between the crusaders and the Seljuk Turks, near Dorylaeum in Anatolia.
		But the Crusaders held on, and after approximately 7 hours of battle, Raymond's knights arrived (unclear if Raymond was with them, or if they arrived ahead of Raymond), launching a vicious surprise attack across the Turkish flank that turned them back in disarray and allowed the Crusaders to rally.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Dorylaeum (951 words)

	Islam and Europe Timeline (355-1291 A.D.)
		The battle takes place off the coast of Lycia and is an important stage in the decline of Byzantine power.
		July 19, 711: Battle of Guadalete: Tariq ibn Ziyad kills King Rodrigo (or Roderic), Visigoth ruler of Spain, at the Guadalete River in the south of the Iberian peninsula.
		Ascalon itself remained under Fatimid control and was soon re-garrisoned.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/islamchron.html (7477 words)

	Ascalon science fair experiments Ascalon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		During the Crusades, Ashkelon (which was known to the Crusaders as Ascalon) was an important fortress.
		Although Fatimid forces were defeated at the Battle of Ascalon by the Crusaders in 1099, the city itself was not taken.
		Saladin retrieved the strategic port for Islam after the Battle of Hittin, July 4, 1187, but with the Third Crusade a few years later, Saladin systematically demolished Ascalon lest it fall once more into the hands of the infidel.
	www.find-ask.com /Encyclopedia/Ascalon/Ascalon.html (846 words)

	Knighthood, Chivalry & Tournament Glossary of Terms
		The battle crushed the French resistance to Henry’s renewed claim to the French throne, resulting in the Treaty of Troyes, 1420, in which Henry was betrothed to Catherine and thus their heir of France.
		The most famous battle of the first crusade, the beseiged crusaders, inside of Antioch, sallied forth arranged into six divisions, defeating their Saracen attackers in a brutal engagement, were the heavy cavalry of the knights, using cohesion in a frontal charge, shattered the bulk of Kerbogha’s army.
		Present at the battle was Godrey de Bouillon, one of the nine worthies.
	www.chronique.com /Library/Glossaries/glossary-KCT/gloss_a.htm (2187 words)

	Battle Index
		Alma, battle of the 20 September 1854 (Crimea)
		Leipzig, battle of ('The Battle of Nations'), 16-18 October 1813
		Sajo, battle of the, 27 April 1241 (Hungary)
	www.rickard.karoo.net /battleframe.html (577 words)

	Knights Templars \| All Empires
		The purpose of the Turcopolier was to command the brother sergeants in battle.
		Templars usually acted in battle as the vanguard or rearguard, defending the retreat of the secular knights; being so few and being capable in chasing or holding back the Saracen Horsemen who used bows on high speeds and on horseback.
		However, Armand de Périgord, the Master of the Temple, the Marshal of the Temple, the archbishop of Tyre, the bishop of Lydda and Ramla (St. George), and John and William, sons of Bohemond, Lord of Botron, were all killed.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=knights_templars (1580 words)

	battle of Ascalon, 12 August 1099 (First Crusade)
		The final battle of the first crusade, fought a month after the fall of Jerusalem to the crusaders.
		Jerusalem had been in the hands of the Fatamid Caliphate of Egypt, and the vizier of Egypt, al-Afdal, raised a 50,000 strong army to recapture the city.
		The victorious crusaders harried the Egyptians as far as Ascalon, although internal jealousy between the crusaders prevented the capture of the city.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_ascalon.html (247 words)

	Battle of Ascalon: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Battle of Ascalon took place on August 12, EHandler: no quick summary.
		This arrangement was also used as the line of battle outside Ascalon, EHandler: no quick summary.
		The two main lines of battle fought each other with arrows until they were close enough to find hand-to-hand with lance lance quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/battle_of_ascalon.htm (2400 words)

	Urban Dictionary: French military victories
		The struggle is often called "The battle that made modern France" because the victory undid the Anglo-German alliance and allowed France to develop independently.
		The battle marks the symbolic end of Spanish power in Europe and the resurgence of the French after decades of strife in the Religious Wars during the late sixteenth century.
		Battle of Austerlitz (1805): French forces under Napoleon severely rout a Russo-Austrian army of equivalent strength.
	www.urbandictionary.com /images.php?imageid=14348 (3764 words)

	[No title]
		As they marched to Ascalon only a month after the fall of the city, he tells us that the army had shrunk to 9,000 foot and barely 1,200 knights; the siege cost the crusade almost a quarter of its fighting strength.
		The church had always imposed penances for murder on those who killed in battle, but it had long been felt that soldiers who fought against the enemies of God, pagans and Muslims, were fighting in a cause so self-evidently just that such a punishment could not be appropriate.
		Before the final battle against Kerbogha, Godfrey and Robert of Flanders had to beg horses from the count of Toulouse for themselves, but this should not be taken to indicate simple poverty.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst372/readings/france1.html (7931 words)

	power-pedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1153 the Templars participated in the Battle of Ascalon, a fortress at that time controlled by Egypt.
		The Templars constructed a siege tower, which was burned down by the Egyptian soldiers inside Ascalon.
		Battle of Ascalon: Malcolm Barber, The New Knighthood, p.
	en.power-pedia.com /pedia/Bernard_de_Tremelay (378 words)

	wiki/24 August Definition / wiki/24 August Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		1328 - Battle of Kassel: French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers 1566 - Calvinists are granted rights in the Netherlands 1614 - The University of Groningen is established 1617 - In London, the first one-way street is established 1651 - Charles II of England enters Battle of Worcester and starts a battle.
		Events 100 BC-AD 1899 55 BC - Julius Caesar invades Britain AD 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Empire at Manzikert 1278 - Ladislaus IV of Hungary and Rudolph I of Germany defeated Premysl Ottokar II of Bohemia in the Battle of Marchfield near Dürnkrut in Moravia.
		[click for more]'s general Gaius Curio is defeated in the Battle of the Bagradas River by the PompeiansThe third triumph took place on September 29, 61 BC (Pompey's 45th birthday), celebrating the victories over the pirates and in the Middle East, was to be an unforgettable event in Rome.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/24_August (10837 words)

	August 12 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is also known as the "Glorious Twelfth" in the UK, as it marks the traditional start of the grouse shooting season.
		490 BC - the Battle of Marathon, in which Athens defeated an invasion army of Persians, may have been fought on this date in the proleptic Julian calendar - but see 12 September.
		1854 - Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon is executed by shooting, in regard to the Battle of Guaymas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/August_12 (1231 words)

	GameSpot Forums - Medieval 2: Total War - Who would win in the most epic battle of mankind
		Ok, one army is led by Richard I of England of the crusades.
		The battle takes place on an open plain, in the middle of Spring so that there is no advantage for both sides.
		Many battles have been won and lost, long before either army marched onto the battlefield.
	www.gamespot.com /pc/strategy/medieval2totalwar/show_msgs.html?topic_id=m-1-28103530 (916 words)

	The Scot in British North America - Chapter II - Early History
		Kenneth III., however, defeated the Danes signally at the great battle of Luncarty (970); but was killed at the castle of Fettercairns, in a row with the Earls or Maormors of Angus and Mearns.
		The end of that enterprise was the contest at Northallerton, known as the Battle of the Standard from the vehicle with crucifix and adornments which formed the rallying point of the English host.
		At this battle the Scots and the malcontents from the south were terribly defeated in the year 1138.
	www.electricscotland.com /HISTORY/canada/scot/chapter2.htm (5040 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - Robert II Curthose, Duke of Normandy 1087-1106 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Robert, though something of a lousy governor, found a niche in crusading and was present in many of the prominent battles: the Battle of Dorylaeum (1st July 1097), the Siege of Antioch (October 1097 – June 1098), and the Siege of Jerusalem.
		At the Battle of Ascalon (12th August 1098) he captured the Fatamid banner from the leader of the Egyptian army.
		It is quite possible that he may also have participated in the terrible and notorious slaughter which occurred after the capture of Jerusalem as many chroniclers blame this act on the northern Europeans.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/30/43 (849 words)

	file:///C:/Genealogy/index.html/a.html
		Etienne de Blois, Count of Blois and Chatres (died 1102 at the Battle of Ascalon [Rames])
		Robert, Count of Artois (died 19 February 1250 at the Battle of Mansourah, Egypt)
		William "Longsword", Earl of Salisbury (died 19 February 1250 at the Battle of Mansourah)
	www.flemingmultimedia.com /Genealogy/crusaders.html (280 words)

	Middle Ages History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Under his leadership, the crusaders reached Jerusalem in June 1099 and after one month of nearly steady battle, the city fell to the forces of Godfrey.
		Upon capturing Jerusalem, the crusaders engaged in the indiscriminate slaughter of almost the entire population of the city, including women, children, and the aged.
		In August 1099, the Moslems attempted to retake the city but were soundly defeated at the battle of Ascalon, just outside of Jerusalem.
	www.bookrags.com /history-middle-ages/sub37.html (296 words)

	Bublos.com, Books ›› The First Crusade 1096-99 : Conquest of the Holy Land (Campaign) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The centerpieces of the volume are the three 3-D "Birds Eye View" maps (the Battle of Dorylaeum, the Siege of Antioch, and the seizure of Jerusalem) and the three-color battle scenes (the Battle of Dorylaeum, the Battle outside Antioch and the Massacre in Jerusalem).
		Without much reference to numbers (even estimates), the reader may not realize that the Crusaders lost about 70% of their troops in the course of these 28 months, or that they were usually outnumbered 3-1 or worse.
		There are some very detailed descriptions of the key battles of the Crusades, how the troops on each side were composed, their strategies, some discussion on troop readiness, extenuating circumstances and influences, both real and perceived, as to why each battle was a success or failure.
	www.bublos.com /isbn/1841765155.html (1728 words)

	Salles des Croisades 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		"Battle waged by Sultan Kilij-Arslan against the crusaders besieging Nicaea, 1097"
		Battle outside the walls of Antioch between the crusaders, commanded by Bohemnon, and the army of Kerbogha, general of the sultan of Persia (with the Bishop brandishing the 'Holy Lance')"
		"Godfrey of Bouillon deposits in the church of the Holy Sepulcher the standard and sword of the Grand Vizier Afdal, taken at the Battle of Ascalon, August 1099."
	www.brown.edu /Courses/HI0110/HI110_gallery1.htm (343 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Raymond d'Agiles
		At a sortie of the crusaders during the siege of Antioch (28 June, 1098) Agiles went before the column, bearing in his hands the Sacred Lance.
		He took part in the entry into Jerusalem, accompanied the Count of Toulouse on his pilgrimage to the Jordan, and was at the battle of Ascalon.
		The narrative is largely devoted to the visions of Pierre Barthélemy, and the authenticity of the Holy Lance found on the eve of battle.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01210b.htm (271 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - William I 'the Conqueror', King of England 1066-1087 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Battle of Hastings in 1066, where the Normans triumphed over the impetuous Saxon warriors of Harold, saw the country fall under the yoke of the Duke of Normandy and the imposition of Norman feudalism.
		This was not denied and both Duke William and King Henry took the field and at the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes, fought almost entirely by cavalry on both sides, the rebels were routed.
		He was also a notable crusader (he fought in the wars of the First Crusade and at the battle of Ascalon captured the Egyptian banner) and inherited his father’s martial prowess but none of his ruthless genius or practicality.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/25/43 (2049 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Raymond IV of Toulouse
		He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October of 1097 at the siege of Antioch.
		However, he was also reluctant to give up the Tower of David in Jerusalem, which he had taken after the fall of the city, and it was only with difficulty that Godfrey of Bouillon was able to take it from him.
		Raymond participated in the battle of Ascalon soon after the capture of Jerusalem, during which an invading army from Egypt was defeated.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/4/5122.htm (1215 words)

	[No title]
		Battle of Ascalon II Bernard de Tremelai defeated and killed
		last battle of the 3rd crusade, Saladin with 7000 cavalry was defeated by Richard I with 2000 infantry, 54 Knights and 15 horses!
		In a titanic clash the French were smashed by the Imperial army, King Francis I captured and the cream of his nobility slaughtered.
	www.histrenact.co.uk /timeline/sca/createevents.php (1164 words)

	UPA UPA Civil War News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		While most people were still recovering from the new years parties a secret task force hid...
		During the battle for Mustafar a terrible tragedy happend:
		Fang and Phantom are sending forces of their own, soon this nice waterplanet will be covered with wreckage from battle.
	www.upahq.org /?Section=UPA+Civil+War (507 words)

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