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Topic: Battle of Atoleiros

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	Information about Battle of Aljubarrota
		On the news of the invasion by the Castilians, John of Portugal's army met with Nuno Álvares Pereira (the Portuguese field marshal) in the town of Tomar.
		Along with its English allies, which consisted of a company of English bowmen sent to honor the alliance between the kingdoms in the form of the marriage between John of Portugal and his Lancastrian queen, the Portuguese army set out to intercept the invading army near the town of Leiria.
		The rear of the Portuguese position, which was in fact its front in the final battle, was at the top of a narrow slope, which came up to a small village, and was further constricted by a complex series of interlocking trenches which were designed to surprise and trap cavalry.
	english.turkcebilgi.com /Battle_of_Aljubarrota (2290 words)

	Battle of Atoleiros - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Atoleiros took place on 6 April 1384, between a Portuguese force and a punitive expedition from Castile sent by John I.
		The battle took place near the population centre of the same name in Alentejo.
		In the short battle that followed, the Castilian cavalry was unable to break the Portuguese formation, and withdrew.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Atoleiros (196 words)

	BATTLES OF CASTILE & LEON
		Battle between Basques, commanded by Lope Fortún, first lord of Biscay and Sancho de Estigiz, lord of Durango, and the Leoneses, commanded by the prince Ordoño, son of the king Alfonso "el Magno" of Leon and future king Ordoño II.
		The heir of the throne (Sancho) dies at the battle, and the almoravids conquest the cities of Consuegra, Cuenca, Ocaña and Hueste.
		Battle between the families Castro and Lara for the regency of Castile, during the childhood of Alfonso VIII.
	es.geocities.com /endovelico2001/med/battle.html (2806 words)

	Encyclopedia: John I of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The invasion was repelled during the Summer after the battle of Atoleiros, but especially after the decisive battle of Aljubarrota (August 14, 1385), where the Castilian army was virtually annihilated.
		Battle of Aljubarrota Conflict 1383–1385 Crisis Date August 14, 1385 Place Near Aljubarrota, central Portugal Result Decisive Portuguese victory The Battle of Aljubarrota took place on August 14, 1385, between the Portuguese forces commanded by D. João I of Portugal and his general Nuno Alvares Pereira, and the Castilian...
		John I (August 24, 1358 â€“ October 9, 1390) (in Spanish: Juan I) was the king of Castile, was the son of Henry II and of his wife Joan, daughter of John Manuel of Villena, head of a younger branch of the royal house of Castile.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/John-I-of-Portugal (3376 words)

	Battle of Aljubarrota (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Battle of Aljubarrota took place on August 14, 1385, between Portuguese forces commanded by King João I and his general Nuno Alvares Pereira, and the Castilian army of King Juan I.
		As in other defensive battles of the 14th century (Crecy, for example, or Poitiers), the dispositions were the following: dismounted cavalry and infantry in the centre with archers occupying the flanks, protected by natural obstacles (in this case, creeks).
		According to Juan's own words, in his report of the battle, his soldiers were by then very tired from the march that started early in the morning under a blazing August sun.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Battle_of_Aljubarrota.htm (1504 words)

	Armchair General Magazine: Interactive Military History
		That’s right; this Portuguese battle is also part of the great wars that marked the 14th century in Europe.
		After the Muslims invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 under the command of Tarik Ibn-Ziyad, they eventually occupied the majority of the region.
		In April, in the Alentejo, D. Nuno Álvares Pereira defeated the Castilians at the Battle of Atoleiros.
	www.armchairgeneral.com /articles.php?p=2488&page=1&cat=59 (1224 words)

	1383–1385 Crisis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The armed resistance met the Castilian army on April 6, 1384, in the battle of Atoleiros.
		His first move was to send an punitive expedition, but they were heavily defeated in the battle of Trancoso in May. Realizing that he had to use force to solve the problem definitively, an enormous Castilian army led by the king himself invaded Portugal in the second week of June through the central north.
		The ensuing fight, the battle of Aljubarrota, was fought in the style of the battles of Crecy and Poitiers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1383-1385_Crisis (1612 words)

	Battle of Atoleiros -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The (A hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war) battle took place near the population centre of the same name in (additional info and facts about Alentejo) Alentejo.
		It was the first major battle of the (additional info and facts about 1383-1385 Crisis) 1383-1385 Crisis.
		In the short battle that followed, the Castilian (A highly mobile army unit) cavalry was unable to break the Portuguese formation, and withdrew.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/battle_of_atoleiros.htm (300 words)

	1383-1385 crisis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The armed resistance and the Castilian army meet in April 6 1384, in the battle of Atoleiros.
		His first move is to send an punitive expedition, but they are heavily defeated in the battle of Trancoso in May. Realizing that to solve the problem definitively he had to use force, an enormous Castilian army led by the king himself, invades Portugal in the second week of June through the central north.
		The result is the battle of Aljubarrota (follow link for the full account), fought in the style of the battles of Crecy and Poitiers.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /1383-1385_crisis.html (1630 words)

	Shop Fresh : Article 'Battle of Myriokephalon' (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Battle of Vaila) - 1509 - French Wars in Italy Battle of Ain Jalut - 1260 - Mameluk-Mongol Wars Battle of Akraba (632) (a.k.a.
		1332 Battle of Plowce September 27 Poland's Ladislas IV Lokietek defeats Teutonic Knights 1333 Battle of Halidon Hill July 19 Edward III of England avenges Bannockburn 1337 Battle of Cadsand English defeated pro-French garrison of Cadsand in Flanders.
		1380 Battle of the Snipes' Field Dmitri Donskoi of Moscow halts the Mongols 1382 Battle of Roosebeke French under King Charles VI of France defeated Flemish rebels.
	www.shop-fresh.net /DisplayArticle214964.html (1227 words)

	BATALLA DE ALJUBARROTA
		Aljubarrota is, probably, the most important battle in Portuguese History: at least, it is considered by them as the one who assured their independence, and it is usually called "The Battle" in Portuguese Chronicles.
		Actually, the number of casualties was not too big (54 death in Portuguese field, and probably some hundreds in Castilian side), but the moral effect was crushing: many of the Castilian noblemen were among the casualties, and almost all the Portuguese towns and castles who still supported Beatriz's changed their side.
		The battle by the Castilian point of view ("Crónicas de los reyes de Castilla", by Pero López de Ayala, a witness of the battle, in Old Castilian).
	es.geocities.com /endovelico2001/med/aljuba.html (798 words)

	info: Battle_of_Arcis-sur-Aube (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube was fought on March 21, 1814, and resulted in a Allied victory under General Schwarzenberg against the French under Napoleon Bonaparte.
		Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube Battle of Argentovaria Battle of Arginusae Battle of Arras (1654) Battle of Aspromonte Battle of Assaye Battle of Athens Battle of Athens (1864) Battle of Atoleiros Battle of...
		Battle of Paris (Montmartre), and Fall of Paris.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Battle_of_Arcis-sur-Aube.html (347 words)

	1383-1385 Crisis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In his effort to normalize the situation and secure his wife's crown, he forced queen Leonor to abdicate from the regency and took control of the country.
		The armed resistance and the Castilian army met in April 6, 1384, in the (additional info and facts about battle of Atoleiros) battle of Atoleiros.
		John I then retreated to Lisbon in May and besieged the capital, with an auxiliary fleet blocking the city's port in the river (A European river; flows into the North Atlantic) Tagus, in a severe drawback to the independence cause.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/1/13/1383-1385_Crisis.htm (1807 words)

	The Guild - MedMOD 4.0
		Although he caused tension between Castille and Portugal due to an unjust conflict with is brother Afonso Sanches (that was a vassal to Alfonso XI), he fought at the side of Alfonso XI in the Battle of Salado, gaining the respect and admiration of the Castilian King.
		Aided the king Alfonso VI of Castilla in the battle Sagrajas and the defence of Toledo.
		In 1212 participated in the desicive Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa and Muret where the King Pere I died and was granted the custody of the Prince Jaume.
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/printthread.php?t=30939&pp=40 (8598 words)

	India, Indian States, India States, Indian hotels, Indian News and Indian Tourism, India Travel
		The armed resistance met the Castilian army on April 6, 1384, in the battle of Atoleiros.
		His first move was to send a punitive expedition, but the forces were heavily defeated in the battle of Trancoso in May. Realizing that he had to use force to solve the problem definitively, the king himself led an enormous Castilian army that invaded Portugal in the second week of June through the central north.
		The ensuing fight, the battle of Aljubarrota, was fought in the style of the battles of CrÃ©cy and Poitiers.
	www.karnatakain.com /wiki-1383-1385_Crisis (2114 words)

	Portugal - HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pedro was met by the troops of the king and the duke of Bragança at the Battle of Alfarrobeira on May 24, 1449, where he was killed and his army defeated.
		This battle resulted in the enlargement of the property and wealth of the illegitimate line of the House of Avis, which allowed it to enjoy enormous influence over the pliable Afonso V until his death in 1481.
		The sultan of Egypt, allied with the Venetians and Turks, organized a large armada that crossed the Indian Ocean to Diu, where it was engaged by a Portuguese fleet.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/portugal/HISTORY.html (19093 words)

	The world's top list of battles 601 1400 websites
		1177 Battle of Montgisard November 25 Saladin is defeated by the Kingdom of Jerusalem
		1380 Battle of Kulikovo Dmitri Donskoi of Moscow halts the Mongols
		1394 Battle of Rovine October 10 Mircea cel Batrin the voievod of Wallachia defeated Beyazid I sultan of the Ottoman Empire
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/list_of_battles_601_1400 (1796 words)

	AllRefer.com - Portugal - Wars with Castile \| Portuguese Information Resource
		In April, in the Alentejo, Nun'Álvares Pereira defeated the Castilians at the Battle of Atoleiros, a victory that resulted from the new military tactic of forming defensive squares from dismounted cavalry because the Portuguese had far fewer troops than the enemy.
		Using the same tactic of defensive squares of dismounted cavalry that had brought them success in previous battles, a force of 7,000 Portuguese annihilated and scattered a Castilian army of 32,000 in little more than thirty minutes of combat.
		Although additional battles were fought and final peace was not made with Castile until October 1411, the Battle of Aljubarrota secured the independence of Portugal for almost two centuries.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/portugal/portugal27.html (552 words)

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