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Topic: Battle of Belgrade (1456)

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	Siege of Belgrade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As Belgrade was designated to be the capital of the Serbian principality by Despot Stephan Lazarevic in 1404 after the battle of Angora, major work was done to transform the small old Byzantine castle to a strong enforced capital.
		After the battle, the Hungarian raiders were ordered to spend the night behind the walls of the fortress and to be on the alert for a possible renewal of the battle, but the Turkish counterattack never came.
		From this perspective the siege of Belgrade in 1456 cannot be regarded as the first stage of a grand design on Hungary; it was meant merely to deprive the Hungarians of this essential base for attacks against the Balkans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Belgrade (1987 words)

	Timeline Serbia_A
		The Serbs were defeated by the invading Turkish Ottoman army at the Battle of Kosovo Polje, the "Field of Blackbirds." In the battle, the Serb prince Lazar was captured by the Turks and beheaded.
		1456 Jul 14, Hungarians defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Belgrade, in present-day Yugoslavia.
		1521 Suleiman I, the Ottoman Sultan, conquered Belgrade and invaded Hungary.
	timelines.ws /countries/SERBIA_A.HTML (7601 words)

	Battle of Belgrade Definition / Battle of Belgrade Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		After the fall of ConstantinopleThe Fall of Constantinople was the conquest of that Greek city by the Ottoman Empire under the command of Sultan Mehmed II, on Tuesday, May 29, 1453.
		His immediate objective was Belgrade, which at the time was a Hungarian végvár (border fortFortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare.
		The city lies on the outfall of the Sava river to the Danube river in northern central Serbia, at 44.83° N 20.50° E. Population in Belgrade region 1,711,800 (2002 census.)...
	www.elresearch.com /Battle_of_Belgrade (428 words)

	The 1456 Siege of Belgrade
		The siege of Belgrade by Ottoman Sultan Mehmet (Mohammed) II the Conqueror in the summer of 1456 aroused considerable contemporary attention and has remained an event of great interest to historians ever since.
		The battle for Belgrade also witnessed the emergence of the first peasant movements in Hungary, then one of the most powerful states of Christendom.
		Hunyadi's name may not be widely known in the West, but his memory has been honored since 1456, albeit unknowingly, in Catholic countries all over the world, by the ringing of church bells every day at noon.
	www.thehistorynet.com /mh/blsiegebelgrade (897 words)

	The 1456 Siege of Belgrade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In 1444 at Varna, acting against Hunyadi's advice, King Ladislas V engaged the enemy in close combat and was killed by Janissaries (elite Turkish infantry, originally recruited from Christian youth who had been seized to form a bodyguard for Mehmet).
		The sultan's army arrived at Belgrade weeks earlier than Hunyadi and his brother-in-law Mihaly Szilagyi, the commander of the city, had expected.
		When Hunyadi arrived at the city in early July 1456, he found it already encircled by the Ottoman army while the Turkish navy lay astride the Danube River.
	www.thehistorynet.com /mh/blsiegebelgrade/index2.html (1025 words)

	Dracula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Christian army was utterly destroyed in the Battle of Varna.
		In the Battle of Belgrade Hunyadi was killed and his army defeated.
		Dracula was killed in battle against the Turks near the small town of Bucharest in December of 1476.
	vampires.monstrous.com /dracula.htm (3124 words)

	Hungarian Battles
		The light horse were used in open battle to clear away enemy skirmishers and prevent those of the enemy interfering with the deployment and charge of the knights.
		The common interpretation of the battle is that the Wallachian contingent swapped sides causing the defeat and were subsequently massacred by Murad.
		Also the placing of the battle of Vasaq at the 'irongate' on the Danube, it is pretty clear from the available evidence that the chronicler only used the term 'irongate' as a descriptive term and not a specific location.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /matthaywood/main/Hungarian_Battles.htm (9483 words)

	Science Fair Projects - User:SirJective/Parenthesis/B
		Battle of Salamis in Cyprus (306 BC) - Battle of Salamis in Cyprus
		Battle of Salamis in Cyprus (450 BC) - Battle of Salamis in Cyprus
		Battle of the Allia (390 BC) - Battle of the Allia
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/User:SirJective/Parenthesis/B (1107 words)

	Timeline 1450-1499 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		1456 Mar 1, Wladyslaw Jagiello, king of Bohemia (1471-1516), Hungary (1490-1516), was born.
		1456 Jul 7, Joan of Arc was acquitted, even though she had already been burnt at the stake on May 30, 1431.
		Edward, the 17-year-old prince of Wales, was killed at the battle of Tewkesbury.
	www.bonus.com /contour/timelines_history/http@@/timelines.ws/1450_1475.HTML (4960 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Platina
		It naturally attracted the attention of astrologers as may appear from the long "judicium astrologicum" by Avogario, of Ferrara, dated 17 June, 1467; it was found again by Celoria among the manuscripts of Paolo Toscanelli, who had copied it himself.
		He likewise ordered that the bells be rung at midday as a signal to all the faithful to move God with assiduous petitions and to assist with their prayers those engaged in constant warfare with the Turks).
		In his "Chronicorum libri tres" he enumerates accurately all the prayers prescribed by Callistus; he also mentions the comet of 1456 in a chapter entitled, "De cometis, unde causentur et quid significent"–but never refers to prayers and processions against the comet, although all papal decrees were sent to him.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12158a.htm (1396 words)

	Christian Terror
		On May of 1234, between 5,000 and 11,000 men, women and children were slain in Steding, Germany because they were unwilling to pay suffocating church taxes.
		Battle of Belgrade in 1456: 80,000 Moslems slaughtered.
		Battle of Askalon, 12/08/1099: 200,000 heathens slaughtered "In the name of Our Lord Jesus Christ".
	ethnikoi.org /terror.html (3378 words)

	1455 to 1459 World History - Din Timelines
		King Henry VI was taken prisoner by the Yorkists at the Battle of St. Albans.
		jul 14 - Hungarians defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Belgrade, in present-day Yugoslavia.
		It soon escalated into a major battle, during which the Hungarian commander, Janos Hunyadi, led a sudden assault that overran the Turkish camp, ultimately compelling the wounded Sultan Mehmet II to lift the siege and retreat.
	din-timelines.com /1455-1459_timeline.shtml (649 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. John Capistran
		Born at Capistrano, in the Diocese of Sulmona, Italy, 1385; died 23 October, 1456.
		In 1454 he was summoned to the Diet at Frankfort, to assist that assembly in its deliberation concerning a crusade against the Turks for the relief of Hungary: and here, too, he was the leading spirit.
		When the crusade was actually in operation John accompanied the famous Hunyady throughout the campaign: he was present at the battle of Belgrade, and led the left wing of the Christian army against the Turks.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08452a.htm (886 words)

	St. John Capistrano, Plinio Correa de Oliveira commentary on the Saint of the Day, March 28 @ TraditionInAction.org
		After the fall of Constantinople at Islamic hands, he preached the Crusade against the Muslim Turks, exhorting Catholics to raise an army to resist the invaders, who were threatening Christendom by their victorious march into the northwest of Europe.
		Then, worn out from the battle, he was taken in the field by the bubonic plague.
		It was his action that saved Belgrade, which at that moment was the strategic weak point of Christendom.
	www.traditioninaction.org /SOD/j014sdSt.JohnCapistrano3-28.htm (1361 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Saint John Capistran
		Confessor, born Sulmona, Italy, 1385; died Hungary, 1456.
		He received his degree of Doctor of Laws at Perugia, was affiliated with the Ghibelline party, appointed governor of Perugia under King Ladislaus of Naples, and imprisoned by Malatesta who was at war with Perugia.
		He was employed as papal legate on numerous occasions, and was the leading spirit in the crusade against the Turks in Hungary where he led the left wing of the Christian army at the battle of Belgrade.
	catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd04397.htm (136 words)

	The 1456 Siege of Belgrade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		They lost 50,000 men in the battle, and another 25,000 were slain by Serbs during their retreat.
		After the triumph at Belgrade, many expected that the time had come to drive the Turks out of Europe, and perhaps even recapture Constantinople.
		On August 11, 1456, Hunyadi died, probably from the plague that had been ravaging Belgrade even before the siege.
	historynet.com /mh/blsiegebelgrade/index3.html (663 words)

	Timeline Turkey to 1960
		1402 Jul 20, In the Battle of Angora the Mongols, led by Tamerlane "the Terrible," defeated the Ottoman Turks and captured Sultan Bayezid I. The Turks eventually regained control of the city and it remained a part of the Ottoman Empire for the next five centuries.
		1821 Jun 19, The Ottomans defeated the Greeks at the Battle of Dragasani.
		The allies were defeated in one of the deadliest battles of the war.
	timelines.ws /countries/TURKEYA.HTML (9616 words)

	Catholic Culture : Liturgical Year : October 23, 2004 : John of Capistrano
		He became a Franciscan and was one of the great organizers of the struggle against the Mohammedans in the 15th century, when they threatened to overrun the whole of Europe.
		Mohammed II had taken Constantinope and was already marching against Belgrade, when Pope Callixtus III called St. John to preach the crusade; assisted by the Hungarian John Hunyadi, he gathered a strong Christian army, which defeated the Turks in the great battle of Belgrade (1453).
		Before the reform of the General Roman Calendar St. John of Capistrano's feast was celebrated on March 28 and today was the feast of St. Anthony Mary Claret which is now observed on October 24.
	www.catholicculture.org /lit/calendar/day.cfm?date=2004-10-23 (666 words)

	1456 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		conclusion that the manuscript used at Angers in 1456 (X, now lost) was copied shortly after...
		draft resolution, which will be issued as Council resolution 1456 (2003).
		Foreign Ministers, the Council unanimously adopted resolution 1456 (2003), containing the declaration.
	hallencyclopedia.com /1456 (414 words)

	Liberty Mill: The Historical Dracula
		He was overthrown twice (he ruled for a brief period in 1448 and again between 1456 and 1462).
		His capital was the city of Targoviste while his castle was raised some distance away in the mountains near the Arges River.
		Dracula was killed in battle against the Turks near the small town of Bucharest (the actual capital city of Romania) in December of 1476.
	www.lyberty.com /encyc/articles/dracula.html (7966 words)

	October 22, 2000 DAILY LITURGY: (oct22lit.htm)
		After capturing Constantinople, the Turks set their goal in capturing Belgrade in Serbia, at that time gateway to the west.
		Rallying the people against the infidels, John led the left wing of the Christian army to triumph at the Battle of Belgrade in 1456.
		That same year both he and Hunyady contracted the bubonic plague from the filthy conditions of the battlefield, and both subsequently were claimed by the Black Death, Hunyady one week before John who died on October 23, 1456 at Villach, Austria.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/2000Oct/oct22lit.htm (653 words)

	The Battle of Lepanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Nafpaktos the Jewel of the Corinthian Gulf, where the famous Naval Battle of Lepanto took place on Oct 7, 1571.The Gulf of Lepanto is a long arm of the Ionian Sea running from east to west and separating the Pelloponnesian peninsula to the south from the Greek mainland to the north.
		According to naval practice in those days, the moment two rival fleets finally assumed their respective battle formations, the leader of one would fire a piece of artillery as a challenge to fight, and the opponent would answer by firing two cannon to signify that he was ready to give battle.
		The Battle of Lepanto marked the end of Turkish naval supremacy and the beginning of the Ottoman Empire's decline on both land and sea.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/religion/996617/posts (3919 words)

	St. John of Capistrano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		He was elected the commissary general of the order in Bologna and soon after was sent on several diplomatic missions by Pope Nicholas V. He was also sent to reconvert the Hussites in Poland and Bavaria but this mission ended when the Turks captured Constantinople in 1453.
		Attempts to raise a crusade against the invading Turks failed in Austria and Bavaria so he traveled to Hungary where he led a wing of the Christian army against the Turks at the Battle of Belgrade.
		He died in Villach, Austria in 1456 of a plague.
	216.247.160.99 /seasons/stjohncapistrano.shtml (175 words)

	Old Homes of New Americans, Chapter 10
		The Hungarian troops were fighting the Turks near the fortress of Semendria, when a knight whom they had never seen before, to their knowledge, bearing on his coat of arms a fl raven with a gold ring in his beak, dashed into the fray.
		At last came the decisive battle near Belgrade, the present capital of Servia, in 1456 The Turks had marshaled one hundred and fifty thousand men to attack this important and strategic fortress.
		The Turks again menaced her frontiers, until, in the disastrous battle of Mohacs, only a little more than a generation after the death of Matthias, the Hungarian army was defeated and almost annihilated by the Sultan Solyman, with an army of three hundred thousand Turks.
	www.iarelative.com /oldhomes/chap_10.htm (5795 words)

	14 Jul History: This Date
		A battle ensued, but the North Vietnamese forces were defeated with heavy casualties.
		1456 Hungarians defeat the Ottomans at the Battle of Belgrade, in present-day Yugoslavia.
		The battle came just a month after the Battle of Brice's Crossroads, in which Forrest engineered a brilliant victory over a larger Union force from Memphis that was designed to keep him from threatening General William T. Sherman's supply lines in Tennessee.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /history/h4jul/h4jul14.html (10254 words)

	Christ Church Cathedral, Montreal - Sermon by The Rev. Roger A. Balk, Ph.d. August 6, 2000
		Its origin in local celebrations became widely spread within the Orthodox tradition so that it was a fixture in the liturgical year before the year 1000.
		In the West, it was not regarded as a Feast until 1457 when Calistus III ordered it observed as a commemoration of the great victory over the Turks at the Battle of Belgrade, 6 August 1456.
		Its position within the New Testament is found in the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Luke and Mark) with an apparent allusion in 2 Peter 1:16-18 although this latter reference could equally apply to Jesus baptism.
	www.montreal.anglican.org /cathedral/english/sermonbalk08062000.htm (1087 words)

	VLAD TEPES - The Historical Dracula
		His first tutor in his apprenticeship to knighthood was an elderly boyar who had fought against the Turks at the battle of Nicolopolis.
		As previously noted, Vlad III’s initial reign was quite short (two months), and it was not until 1456, under the support of Hunyadi and the Kingdom of Hungary that he returned to the throne.
		Vlad Dracula was killed in battle against the Turks near the town of Bucharest in December of 1476.
	www.donlinke.com /drakula/vlad.htm (5641 words)

	St. John of Capistrano
		Early in 1456 the friar rallied an army to defend Belgrade.
		It was led by him and the great crusading Hungarian general, John Hunyadi.
		Both Hunyadi and John of Capistrano took ill soon after the battle of Belgrade and died near there.
	www.stthomasirondequoit.com /SaintsAlive/id666.htm (816 words)

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