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	Blood River
		The reconstructed battlesite at Blood River, situated near Dundee in northern Natal, dramatically illustrates a victory for fire power and military strategy in one of the most famous battles in South African history.
		Blood River was, in essence, an act of retribution to avenge the massacre of Piet Retief and his followers at Mgungundlovu.
		The Boers' victory at Blood River ensured the survival of the Trekkers in Natal and paved the way for the establishment of the Republic of Natalia.
	www.places.co.za /html/bloodriver.html (752 words)

	The Battle of Blood River by Pastor Mark Downey
		The most famous of massacres, which prompted Blood River, was February 5, 1838, when the Voortrekkers tried to negotiate a land settlement with the Zulu king, Dengane.
		It was a 14 foot deep trench on one side and the Ncome river into which it flowed on the other side; on the remaining sides were open plains to easily rake with gunfire.
		In spite of the downpour of spears and arrows that the spear chuckers chucked, all of the animals miraculously remained calm.
	www.kinsmanredeemer.com /BloodRiverText.htm (2574 words)

	The Battle That Turned The River Into Blood
		The Voortrekker laager of 57 wagons reconstructed in bronze to commemorate the Battle of Blood River
		The Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838 was to avenge their death.
		Blood River is regarded as one of the great battles ever fought in South Africa.
	www.encounter.co.za /article/15.html (575 words)

	Battle of Blood River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Blood River (Afrikaans: Slag van Bloedrivier) was fought on 16 December 1838 on the banks of the Blood River (Bloedrivier) in what is today KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
		Pretorius chose an excellent site next to the Blood river (then the Ncome river), where their ox wagons were arranged into a laager.
		Before the battle commenced, the Voortrekkers (led by Sarel Cilliers) made a vow to God that, should they be delivered, they would build a church and commemorate the day as a Sabbath.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Blood_River (405 words)

	The Battle at Blood River, South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The site of the battle of Blood River, holy ground for the Afrikaner people, is reached by a road turning off the R33 about 19 km northeast of Dundee.
		The battle was fought on 16 December 1838 to avenge the assassination of Piet Retief and his men by Zulu king Dingane at Mgungundlovu, the royal kraal, after a treaty had by all accounts been signed to cede land south of the Thukela River to the Voortrekkers.
		The cornerstone was laid on 16 December 1938, the centenary of the battle.
	about-south-africa.com /html/blood_river.html (715 words)

	South Africa - MSN Encarta
		On December 16, 1838, an important battle between the Afrikaners and the Zulu, the Battle of Blood River, led to the defeat of the Zulu and the establishment of the Republic of Natalia by 1840.
		The battle remains of symbolic importance to many Afrikaners because their ancestors were said to have made a covenant with God for victory.
		The governor of the Cape Colony, Sir Harry Smith, gained control of the region between the Orange and Vaal rivers in 1848, and the territory was renamed the Orange River Sovereignty.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557321_11/South_Africa.html (1814 words)

	Battle of Pease River
		It was December 18, 1860, that Cynthia Ann Parker was taken from the Comanche Indians in the Battle of Pease River near Margaret in Foard County.
		This was the end of the Battle of Pease River and the beginning of the end of the Indian troubles in Texas, but it was not the end of the Cynthia Ann Parker story.
		Charles Goodnight, ranger-scout at the battle, said it was a case of mistaken identity, for Nocona died years later while on a wild plum hunt along the Canadian River.
	www.co.wilbarger.tx.us /BattleofPeaseRiver.htm (1374 words)

	The Battle of Blood River and Monument
		On the way back from St Lucia we took a detour and visited the Blood River Monument which consists of life-size bronze replicas of the wagons involved in the historic battle of Blood River.
		Prior to the battle of Blood River Andries Pretorius took a vow before God for deliverance that should they be granted victory that day would forever be celebrated in His honour.
		The number of Zulus killed at Blood River was estimated to be in the region of 3,500 while miraculously only 3 Voortrekkers were slightly wounded.
	funkymunky.co.za /bloodriver.html (1357 words)

	Blood River Heritage Site at the Ncome River in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
		The national monument at the Blood River reminds of the historical battle of the Voortrekkers against the Zulus in the year 1838.
		On the other side of the river another monument was inaugurated in 1999 for the remembrance of the Zulus who died in the battle.
		To honour the vow, Andries Pretorius had made on the day of the battle, on December 16 each year the "Geloftedag" was celebrated.
	www.southafrica-travel.net /kwazulu/e2bloodr.htm (731 words)

	Battlefields in South Africa
		While the Redcoats and impis were shedding blood on Zulu soil, anti- British sentiment was simmering north of the Vaal River, where in 1877 Voortrekkers had watched with deep resentment the annexation of their self- proclaimed Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek by agents of the Crown.
		Collectively known as the Battle of Thukela Heights, these hard-fought victories were ultimately crowned with British re-occupation of the town by nightfall on the 26th.
		This followed the Battle of Blood River Poort, southwest of Vryheid, on 17 September 1901, where the British failed to prevent Louis Botha's commandos breaking through from the Transvaal.
	www.sengani-horse-trails.com /information/battlefields-south-africa.htm (3220 words)

	Blood River: Chapter 9 of 'The Great Trek'
		Maritz himself occupied the largest of these laagers situated on bare dusty veld overlooking the Little Tugela river near the prominent hill named Loskop; he fortified the camp with a strong wall of sods and in consequence the Boers knew it as Sooilaer.
		What this meant of course was that the Zulus were beginning the battle when the majority of their soldiers were still separated from the Boers by a flooded river which could only be crossed with difficulty at two widely separated drifts.
		So far everything during the Blood river expedition had worked out with a precision that is the rarest of all occurrences in military affairs.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /smartboard/shop/ransford/chap9.htm (7592 words)

	Africa O Africa Tours Online, South Africa, KwaZulu Natal Battlefields Route.
		This is the naval cemetery containing graves of some of the soldiers who died during the Battle of Elandslaagte as well as the remains of men who died from various diseases between March and May 1900 while the British army were camped awaiting the order to advance towards the Biggarsberg.
		The battle of Talana was the opening battle of the Anglo-Boer War in which the British were victorious.
		The 64 bronze ox-wagons marking the Blood River battle site, between Dundee and Vryheid, are arranged in the precise laager formation used by the Voortrekkers in 1838 when the massed Zulu impis(Battalion of warriors) of King Dingane, numbering about 15 000, advanced on the Boer encampment, only to be slaugtered in their thousands.
	www.africaoafricatours.com /toursbattlefields.htm (910 words)

	Battle Of Blood River
		Some of the fiercest battles of the Great Trek and three major wars were fought on this province's lush hills and plains.
		From Dundee, about half-an-hour's drive in the direction of Vryheid brings you to the Battleground of Blood River, one of the best known and most emotionally regarded military clashes in the history of South Africa.
		The battle of Blood River was an act of retribution to avenge the massacre of Piet Retief and his followers at Mgungundlovu.
	www.southafricatraveler.com /kzn/battlefieldsbloodriver.htm (1018 words)

	Chickamauga - Civil War
		At the start of battle the Union troops were moving north along the east side(right side) of the center map.
		With the advent of battle in such a hostile environment the generals could do little but send in men to reinforce the soldiers doing battle.
		The brunt of the fighting on September 19, the first day of battle, was borne by Union General George Thomas and Confederate General Leonidas Polk.
	www.ngeorgia.com /history/chickam.html (908 words)

	South African History
		The reasons for this mass exodus were their economic problems, the threatening danger of conflict with the Xhosa, who settled on the other side of the Fish River, and primarily, discontent with the English colonial authorities who didn't provide sufficient protection and had forbidden the slave trade and postulated the equality of whites and non-whites.
		After the defeat of the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River, there was peace for a while, but soon the British and the Voortrekkers started to fight for supremacy over Natal.
		The battle at the Isandlwana Mountain on 22 January, 1879 was particularly disastrous.
	www.safariplaces.com /sahist.htm (3014 words)

	South Africa, the country of our birth
		By the winter of 1838, the Voortrekkers in Natal had suffered innumerable setbacks (Bloukrans; the murder of Retief and his party; and the Vlug Kommando had failed to defeat Dingane).
		It was bordered on one side by the Ncome River (Blood River), with a deep donga on the east side.
		They ran into the river, where they were killed in great numbers, causing the water to turn red - thus giving the name Blood River.
	members.tripod.com /~Meerkat_2/ebloed.html (390 words)

	The Battle of Blood River - South African History
		The monument at the Blood River, a fort of cast-bronze wagons, brings to life the terrible events of 1838, which meant the beginning of the end of the Zulu Kingdom.
		Finally, in December 1998, a memorial for the 3,000 Zulu soldiers who died in the battle, was inaugurated by Zulu Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi across the river from the Afrikaner monument.
		Before the battle, they had prayed and made a vow that if God would grant them victory over the Zulus, they would commemorate the event annually.
	www.southafrica-travel.net /history/eh_blood.htm (247 words)

	16 December 1838 - Battle of Blood River is fought
		In the early hours of the morning of 16 December 1838, a battle was fought between the Voortrekkers under the leadership of Andries Pretorius, and the AmaZulu warriors of Dingane near the Ncome River.
		The Ncome River became red with the blood of the slain.
		The Ncome River became red with the blood of the slain AmaZulu.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/chronology/thisday/1838-12-16.htm (852 words)

	TIME.com: Of God & Hate -- May 5, 1952 -- Page 3
		In the frontier battles of rifle against spear, the white man was victorious.
		In the battle of populations, he is steadily losing ground.
		It is Daniel Malan's self-appointed task to deepen the entrenchments and widen the rivers between fl and white.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,820762-3,00.html (677 words)

	Field Reports June 26-29 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Inside of the monument is a limestone timeline of lifelike figures, beginning in 1835 when the Boers left Capetown and ending with the Battle of Blood River on December 16, 1838.
		The Boers won the Battle of Blood River against the Zulus.
		On the way out, there were postcards depicting the blooding battle and the killing for sale.
	www.fas.usda.gov /icd/south-africa/diary1.html (832 words)

	SOME IMAGES OF SOUTH AFRICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		They named the river after one of their chiefs, Tshwane (little ape), which was translated into Afrikaans 'Apies'.
		During the migratory wars in Natal, another band of refugees arrived and settled in the area under the leadership of Mzilikazi, but they were forced to abandon their villages in their flight from a regiment of Zulu raiders in 1832.
		In 1853 the town was established by Marthinus Wessel Pretorius and he named it after his father Andries Pretorius, the Boer hero at the battle of Blood river against the Zulus in 1860.
	www.uem.mz /faculdade/ciencias/geologia/eventos/foto_pre.htm (441 words)

	Voortrekkers Great Trek -The Battle of Blood River - Tourism in Natal, Accommodation in Natal, Lodging in Natal - Stay ...
		Pretorius received reports that the Zulu army was on its way to meet him and he chose a strongpoint with a deep 'donga' (erosion channel/arroyo) 14ft deep, on the one side and the Ncome river, into which the donga flowed, on the other.
		Dingane`s vastly experienced induna (commander) Ndlela planned to follow the Boer horsemen, cross the river and attack them that night but the distance was longer than he had anticipated and the regiments kept getting lost in the mist.
		The Boer horsemen were able to pick off the Zulu warriors lining the banks of the river that ran red with their blood and was henceforth called Blood River.
	www.warthog.co.za /dedt/tourism/trek/print/bloodriver.htm (533 words)

	WWW-VL History Index: South Africa
		Voortrekkers: The Battle of Veglaer 13-15 Aug. 1838
		The Battle of Blood River 16 September 1838
		Battle of Rorke's Drift 22-23 January 1879, Collated by the KZN Battlefields Route Committee
	vlib.iue.it /history/africa/south_africa.html (642 words)

	The Right Perspective podcast
		But, it is a battle that could have spelled the end of the Boer nation -- perhaps even should have been their end, but miraculously was not.
		Attacking en masse, the Zulu crossing the river were shot in the water, until the river turned red with the blood of the Zulu.
		So, the river came to became known until this day, as "Blood River."The Boers pulled aside a wagon, and a commando of around 100 men galloped out, shooting from the saddle, they caused havoc amongst the Zulu until their forces were divided and routed.
	www.digitalpodcast.com /detail.php?id=2731 (3938 words)

	Tugela River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The river originates in the Drakensberg Mountains, Mont-aux-Sources, (itself the source of tributaries of two other major South African rivers, the Orange River and the Vaal River) and plunges 947 metres down the Tugela Falls.
		It also receives the Ingagani (from the south-west) and the Blood River (from the north-east, named from the defeat of the Zulu king Dingane, on 16 December 1838, by the Boers under Andries Pretorius, when the river is said to have run red with the blood of the Zulus).
		Below the Blood River is Rorke's Drift, a crossing point and another battle site, this time from the Anglo-Zulu War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tugela_River (435 words)

	SCV: Confederate Hero's Day
		In the state of North Carolina recently, a small college was forced to discontinue a course on the history of that state and the instructor disgraced for teaching the true story of the past.
		For there are many heroes in battle who escape the honor roll if only because some things escape the pen of those who write history.
		Those who have followed the history of Texas have carried the spirit, if not the blood, of such heroes as these in all of the wars in which our young men and women have gone forth to serve for this nation and state of ours.
	www.texas-scv.org /littlefield/gwl.htm (1689 words)

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