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Topic: Battle of Callao

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	Battle of Callao - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Callao (in Spanish, sometimes called el Combate del Dos de Mayo) occurred on May 2, 1866 between a Spanish fleet under the command of Admiral Casto Méndez Núñez and a combined alliance of Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Ecuador during the Chincha Islands War.
		The battle was characterized by arduous, long-range combat with ironclads utilized by both sides.
		The strong Callao forts and batteries, which had once repelled Sir Francis Drake and John Hawkins, he reinforced with heavy British-made guns such as the Blakely.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Callao (672 words)

	Callao - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Callao was founded in 1537, just two years after Lima (1535), and soon became the main port for Spanish commerce in the Pacific.
		Callao is built on and around a peninsula, the district of La Punta, once a wealthy residential neighborhood.
		Callao also several islands, San Lorenzo (currently a military base), El Frontón (a former high security prison), the Cavinzas, and the Palominos, where a large number of sea lions and sea birds live in a virtually untouched ecosystem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Callao (405 words)

	callao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		There is also a large naval base in Callao, in which the leader of Sendero Luminoso rebel movement, Abimael Guzmán, and Vladimiro Montesinos, the ex-director of internal security during the Fujimori regime are imprisoned.
		Callao, although contiguous with urban Lima, is a separate department within the province of Lima.
		Callao is also a place in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States of America: see Callao, Virginia.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /callao.html (327 words)

	Trafico on Line Peru travel Agency Tour Operator Callao
		The Constitutional Province of Callao is located in the largest bay in this part of the continent, and in the central occidental region of the country.
		Callao is said to be the key of the capital of the Republic, not just because it is a very important sea port, but also because it houses the Jorge Chávez International Airport.
		During the independence struggle, Callao was a strategic point and the population had an active part in it.
	www.traficoperu.com /english/ciud5.htm (991 words)

	Chincha Islands War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Chincha Islands War (Spanish: Guerra Hispano-Peruana and Guerra Hispano-Chilena, which translates as the Spanish-Peruvian War and Spanish-Chilean war) was a series of coastal and naval battles between Spain and its former colonies of Peru and Chile from 1864 to 1866.
		It began with Spain's seizure of the guano-rich Chincha Islands, part of a series of attempts by Isabel II of Spain to regain her country's lost South American empire.
		Spanish warships had previously shelled Valparaíso, but were beaten off in the Battle of Callao, in which Peruvian defenders of the port of El Callao forced the Spaniards to withdraw their ships.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chincha_Islands_War (424 words)

	The Gran Via
		Callao is and was a very important port in the Pacific.
		This naval battle was fought by Spain against a combined alliance of Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Ecuador.
		This battle was fought at long range and after withdrawing his ships the Spanish Captain, Mendez Núñez uttered the immortal words "Better honor without ships, then ships without honor." It was considered a draw on both sides, but Peru still celebrates the day May 2nd.
	www.ctspanish.com /maps/granvia.htm (2445 words)

	1866 Encyclopedia Article @ NaturalResearch.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		May 24 - Battle of Tuyutí - 32.000 soldiers of the Triple Alliance defeat 24.000 Paraguayan soldiers few miles north of the Parana - 16.000 casualties.
		July 3 - At the Battle of Königgratz, the Prussian army under King Wilhelm and Helmuth von Moltke defeats the Austrian army of Ludwig von Benedek, leading to a decisive Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War.
		July 20 - At the Naval Battle of Lissa, the Austrian fleet under Wilhelm von Tegetthoff defeats the Italian fleet of Carlo di Persano.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/1866 (1261 words)

	The Fight to End the Isolation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It was to be expected that such a battle would be difficult; winning it will require that many more people have a firm grasp of what is at stake and a spirit of persevering to the end.
		The reactionaries were now faced with a battle for the sentiments of many broader forces whom they had thought would either blindly agree with their lies that Comrade Gonzalo was a "bloodthirsty terrorist" who "deserved whatever he got", or would stand silently by.
		At the same time, while the main focus was the battle to end the isolation, the IEC also continued to expose the true nature of the Fujimori regime, report on the continuing People's War, and to bring the truth about events in Peru to the light of day.
	awtw.org /back_issues/1995-21/the_fight_to_end_the_isolation_21_eng.htm (3060 words)

	Battle of Ayacucho -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Two battles in the fall of 1777 that marked the turning point for the Continental Army in the American Revolution were the Battles of Saratoga.
		One of the two major battles of the American Civil War was fought at the crossroads town of Gettysburg, Pa., from July 1 to 3, 1863.
		The Battle of Marathon was a decisive victory for the Greeks during the Persian Wars.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9011491 (1004 words)

	[No title]
		The so-called “Battle of Chipana” ended indecisively; nevertheless the Magellan had to escape to avoid her capture.
		At Arica, the Peruvians received news that the main Chilean fleet was navigating toward Callao and that three of its ships, the wooden corvette Esmeralda, the schooner Covadonga and the transport Lamar remained blockading Iquique.
		At the beginning the battle was fought at ranges between 800 to 2000 meters but little was accomplished.
	members.lycos.co.uk /Juan39/BATTLE_OF_IQUIQUE.html (1294 words)

	[No title]
		Despite the fact that the Independence was twice as big, Huascar´s artillery damaged the funnel of the ironclad and killed one of her crew, escaping unharmed.
		During the battle the Shah fired 237 grenades and the Amethyst 190, a total of 427 shots, including several Palliser armor-piercing shells.
		Two days after the battle Huascar finally surrendered to the legal Peruvian authorities, but before he was arrested, Pierola tried to persuade Captain Moore, Commander of the ironclad Independence to join him to fight de Horsey's squadron for his participation in a Peruvian affair.
	members.lycos.co.uk /Juan39/BATTLE_OF_PACOCHA.html (3085 words)

	Gunboat Callao
		The gunboat CALLAO was captured by the United States Navy early in the Spanish American War and was subsequently used by the U.S. Navy.The vessel was used by the Americans in the final attack on Manila on August13, 1898
		CALLAO was built at Cavite, Philippines as a gunboat for the Spanish navy.
		Her crew was not aware that war had been declared or that the Spanish squadron had been destroyed at Cavite in the Battle of Manila Bay/Cavite on May 1, 1898.
	www.spanamwar.com /callao.htm (526 words)

	[No title]
		The first phase of the war between Peru and Chile, that is to say the campaign of the South, concluded with the victory of this last country in the battles of the Alto de la Alianza and Arica, and the military occupation of the provinces of Tacna and Tarapacá (May-June of 1880).
		This allowed the Chilean government to undertake the preparations for the following phase: The invasion of Lima, the beautiful Peruvian capital, with the objective of forcing the end of the war by means of a capitulation that will include the cession to Chile of Peru's Southern provinces.
		During the republic, the city, the "Three times crowned villa", known also as the "Pearl of the Pacific", kept her beauty and importance as Peru's cultural and economic center.
	members.lycos.co.uk /Juan39/Battle_of_Lima.html (1066 words)

	Manila Bay
		It was later noted in the American press as an example of the nonchalance the Americans exhibited in the battle by stopping in the middle for a bite to eat, while still within range of the enemy's guns in their fortifications.
		In fact, it was higher than the American hit rate at the later naval Battle of Santiago, a fact attributable to the Spanish vessels being generally stationary targetsThe Spanish, of course, hit their targets much less than the Americans.
		The stress of the battle and the excessive heat in his battle station in the OLYMPIA's conning tower (an armored steel cylinder with a slit in it to view the action outside) were too much for him.
	www.spanamwar.com /mbay.htm (5593 words)

	Captain Paul Boyton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		William Curtis states that Paul Boyton was in Callao, Peru the 3rd of July in 1880 when he was instrumental in blowing up the Loa.
		The naval exhibition is a miniature reproduction of the Battle of Santiago de Cuba in the Spanish American war fought in 1898.
		The marine theater for the naval exhibition is a basin of water 300 x 180 feet with a perspective of natural and plastic scenery representing a fortified city.
	www.jacobsarts.com /KieferBoytonPeru/PaulBoyton/boyton.htm (1645 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Irish (In Countries Other Than Ireland)
		At the battle of Lake Erie the British fleet was almost annihilated, and the most brilliant naval victory of the war was won under the command of Oliver Hazard Perry, the son of an Irish mother (Sarah Alexander).
		On land, the last decisive battle of the war, that at New Orleans, was won by troop largely of Irish origin under the leadership of Andrew Jackson, another son of Irish parents.
		The devotion of the Irish in America to the country of their adoption and their readiness to sacrifice themselves in her defence were again conspicuously demonstrated when the safety of the republic was imperilled by the unfortunate Civil War.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08132b.htm (15677 words)

	U.S. Navy Battleships - USS Utah (BB 31) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Over the next three years, the battleship operated on a regular routine of battle practices and exercises from off the eastern seaboard into the Caribbean, as the United States readied its forces for the possible entry of the United States into the worldwide war that broke out in July 1914.
		During that time, she half-masted her colors at 1440 on 7 January due to the death of former President Theodore Roosevelt and, on the 8th, fired salutes at half-hour intervals throughout the day in memory of the great American statesman.
		Late in 1924, Utah was chosen to carry the United States diplomatic mission to the centennial celebration of the Battle of Ayacucho (9 December 1824), the decisive action in the Peruvian struggle for independence.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/ships/battleships/utah/bb31-utah.html (2852 words)

	Battle Summaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In one of the most dramatic two-day battles in history, the Confederate Virginia invaded Union-held Hampton Roads at the confluence of the James and Elizabeth Rivers, sinking the sloop Cumberland, burning the frigate Congress, and driving the steam frigate Minnesota and other ships aground.
		The only major battle of the war was the Battle of Lissa on 20 July, a short, vicious affair.
		The Chilean army was landed at Pisco south of Callao, and Lima and Callao fell in January 1881, the Atahualpa being scuttled at the fall of Callao.
	www.wideopenwest.com /~jenkins/ironclads/ironbatt.htm (4411 words)

	Information about Tenerife Canary Islands Teneriffa Kanaren travel holidays info tourist information cities countries ...
		In the language of the Guanchen, Tenerife means "The snowed mountain" In 1495 the Spanish invaders took over Tenerife after a long battle with the Guanches and most of them were sold off into slavery and those that were left helped the Spanish invaders and started families with them.
		Callao Salvaje is situated on the south west tip of Tenerife and is reputed to have the best weather on the island.
		Callao Salvaje boast some of the most spectacular scenery on Tenerife and is an ideal quiet family holiday centre with some very good restaurants most of which are on the ocean front, shops, supermarkets, bank, chemists, doctor's surgery and some night life.
	www.weathertenerife.com /information_about_tenerife.htm (1923 words)

	U.S. Navy Battleships - USS Arizona (BB 39) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		She arrived at the port of Callao on 22 July as flagship for the Battle Force, Atlantic Fleet, to observe the celebrations accompanying the centennial year of Peruvian independence.
		Over the next decade, Arizona continued to operate with the Battle Fleet, and took part in the succession of fleet problems that took the fleet from the waters of the northern Pacific and Alaska to those surrounding the West Indies, and into the waters east of the lesser Antilles.
		Over the next five months, she continued exercises and battle problems of various kinds on type training and tactical exercises in the Hawaiian operating area.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/ships/battleships/arizona/bb39-ariz.html (2238 words)

	Articles - Peru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Main naval battles fought where the Battle of Papudo in 1865, Battle of Abtao and Battle of Callao in 1866.
		Until 2002, Peru was divided into 24 departments (departamentos) plus one constitutional province (Callao), and many people still use this term when referring to today's regions, although it is now obsolete.
		The largest cities include Lima (the capital and the economic and cultural center), Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Callao (a suburb of Lima), Piura, Iquitos, Chimbote, Huancayo, Cusco (the capital of the ancient Inca Empire), Pucallpa, and Cajamarca.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/Peru (3114 words)

	The Battle of Pacocha, 1877 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Seventy crew from other ships had joined then and they were attempting to oust the president by strangling trade through the sea/air port of Callao and committing other 'acts of piracy’.
		In the real battle Astete used his knowledge of shoals and current to avoid the British.
		Bearing in mind that this is an inshore/land battle I have decide to give the rebels superior knowledge of the winds/cloud behaviour.
	brigademodels.co.uk /NoFrames/Gaming/Aeronef/Scenarios/Scenario-2.html (1063 words)

	[No title]
		The Recent Battles in Chile.--The recent battles of Concon and Vina del Mar.--2 illustrations.
		After a stubborn fight the Balmacedists were totally defeated, and were pursued by the victorious cavalry, losing 4,000 out of 12,000 in killed, wounded and deserters.
		All their field pieces were captured, and thus the road was left open for the Congressionalists to advance on Viña del Mar. THE BATTLE OF VIÑA DEL MAR, CHILE.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/15051/15051-8.txt (18985 words)

	Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón
		Rear Admiral Montojo was the commander of the Spanish squadron at the Battle of Manila Bay/Cavite.
		On the frigate ALMANSA, the young lieutenant participated in the battle of El Callao and was nominated to be the secretary to Admiral Méndez Núñez, accompanying the admiral to Madrid, where Montojo filled an office at the Secretariat of the Admiralty.
		In this battle, Montojo's sons Eugenio and Patricio also took part in the battle, with both the Admiral and Eugenio being wounded in action.
	www.spanamwar.com /montojo.htm (549 words)

	Voyage of the Great White Fleet, 1907 - 1909
		Under the command of Rear Admiral Robley D. "Fighting Bob" Evans, the crisply painted white battleships Connecticut, George, Illinois, Kansas, Kearsarge, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Ohio, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia and Wisconsin-along with smaller vessels and colliers-sailed south around Cape Horn to the West Coast of the United States.
		While the visit of American sailors complemented other and separate forces that were at work and helped to warm the open relations between the two countries, military and naval leaders on both sides continued to consider each other potential threats.
		In the last weeks of his administration, Roosevelt exulted that the Great White Fleet had been the first battle fleet to circumnavigate the globe.
	www.angelfire.com /in/shiphistory/voygrwhitefl.html (1074 words)

	Peru: The Luso-Hispanic World in Maps (Library of Congress)
		This document illustrates a decisive battle whose outcome had a far-reaching impact on Andean political and social life before 1850.
		The commanders in the battle were distinguished political leaders: Santa Cruz, president of Bolivia and Manuel Bulnes, president of Chile (1841-1851).
		This map was given to one of the commanders of the troop column by Manuel Fernandes Campero in May of 1782.
	www.loc.gov /rr/geogmap/luso/peru.html (1488 words)

	Trafico on Line Peru Travel Agency Tour Operator Huancayo, Junin
		On that day, one of the most important battles in the continent was won, the Battle of Ayacucho.
		During the Pacific War, an amazing case of heroism occurred when the Toledo family, mother and two daughters, commanding a group of natives armed with axes, prevented the enemy to cross through the city.
		The last battle of independence, Battle of Ayacucho, was fought in these pampas.
	www.traficoperu.com /english/ciud11.htm (1384 words)

	Uncharted Waters 2: New Horizons walkthrough - FAQ
		After the second battle with the Spanish Armada, the fleet catches fire and retreats.
		Joao interrupts on the first battle and Catalina volunteers to assist in the battle.
		After docking at Massawa after the battle, they are told that Joao is at the palace.
	www.the-spoiler.com /RPG/Koei.games/uncharted.waters.2.1.html (20523 words)

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