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Topic: Battle of Callinicum

	Battle of Callinicum
		The Battle of Callinicum took place between the armies of the Eastern Roman Empire under the command of General Belisarius and Persians under Azarethes on April 19, 531 AD.
		Belisarius had been skirmishing with the Persian forces after the Battle of Dara[?] in an attempt to incite a rout, but the Persians were generally successful at Callinicum and both sides withdrew.
		Callinicum ended the Belisarius' Persian campaigns, returning all of the land lost to them to Roman rule under Justinian I in the Perpetual Peace agreement signed in September of 532.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Battle_of_Callinicum.html (308 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Battle Descriptions
		Battle of Callinicum, A.D. Battle between Romans and Persians in Mesopotamia during the reign of Justinian.
		Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, A.D. During Augustus's reign (27 B.C.-14 A.D..), probably the greatest disaster suffered by the Romans was the defeat in the Teutoburg forest when the former proconsul of Africa, Publius Quinctilius Varus, together with three legions (XVII, XVIII, and XIX), six cohorts and three squadrons of cavalry (alae) were practically slaughtered.
		Battle of Yarmuk, A.D. During the reign of Heraclius this battle was fought between Romans and Arabs in the Jordan valley in the Roman province of Palestine.
	www.roman-emperors.org /assobd.htm (2604 words)

	battaglie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Battle of Caer Caradock The British chieftain Caractacus is defeated and captured by the Romans under Ostorius Scapula.
		Battle of Strasbourg (357) Julian expels the Alamanni from the Rhineland
		Battle of the Utus Attila the Hun is defeated by the East Romans in an indecisive battle
	www.historing.eu /Antichita/battaglie2.htm (1375 words)

	Battle of Callinicum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Belisarius' forces consisted of about 20,000 men and another 5,000 Ghassanid Arab allies, who had been marching down the road leading into the heart of Persian territory along the right bank of the Euphrates in what today would be northern Iraq, then the eastern borders between the Roman Empire and Persia.
		However, it is unknown what stage of the battle Zachariah was referring to.
		Callinicum ended the first of Belisarius' Persian campaigns, returning all of the land lost to them to Roman rule under Justinian I in the Perpetual Peace agreement signed in September of 532.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Callinicum (424 words)

	Wikinfo \| List of battles (alphabetical) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Battle of Covadonga - 722 - Moslem Conquest of Spain
		Battle of Guadalete - 711 - Moslem Conquest of Spain
		Battle of Mohacs - 1526 - Turkish Conquest of Hungary
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=List_of_battles_(alphabetical) (3619 words)

	Belisarius Encyclopedia Article @ Middle-aged.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Battle of Dara, followed by a close defeat at the
		However, at the height of the battle, Gelimer became distraught upon learning of the death of his brother in battle.
		Hippodrome politics of the Constantinople chariot races, which regularly escalated to open street battles between fans of opposing factions, or the intrigue between the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora.
	middle-aged.org /encyclopedia/Belisarius (2360 words)

	List of battles before AD 601 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		632 BC - Battle of Chengpu - Duke Wen of Jin defeats the Chu commander Ziyu, in the biggest battle of the Spring and Autumn Period.
		*Battle of Himera The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of Syracuse.
		225 BC Battle of Faesulae The Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy.
	list-of-battles-before-ad-601.iqnaut.net (4865 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Alphabetic Emperor Index
		If there was a series of battles in a specific location, click on that year in which you are interested.
		Battle of Abrittus, A.D. Battle of Adrianople, A.D. Battle of Actium, B.C. Battle of Ad Decimum, A.D. Battle of Akroinon, A.D. Siege of Alexandria, A.D. Siege of Amida, A.D. Battle of Anchialos, A.D. Battle of Angora, AD 1402
		Sieges of Ctesiphon, A.D. Battle of Dara, A.D. Battle of Edessa, A.D. Battle of Frigidus River, A.D. Battle of Issus, A.D. Siege of Jerusalem, A.D. Battle of Kossovo, AD 1389,1448.
	www.roman-emperors.org /battles.htm (205 words)

	Mundus
		He was appointed magister militum of the troops in Illyria and the Danube frontier in 530, and was responsible for repelling an invasion of the Balkans by the Slavs and Bulgars.
		In 531 he accompanied Belisarius to the eastern frontier to fight the Sassanids, and briefly took command when Belisarius was defeated at the Battle of Callinicum.
		In 532 he had been called back to Constantinople for unknown reasons, and happened to be in the city with a force of Heruli mercenaries during the Nika riots.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/m/mu/mundus.html (179 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In June 530, he led the Byzantines to a victory over the Sassanids in the Battle of Dara, followed by a close defeat at the Battle of Callinicum on the Euphrates in 531.
		However, at the height of the battle, Gelimer became distraught upon learning of the death of his brother in battle.
		A second victory at the Battle of Ticameron later in the year (December 15) resulted in Gelimer's surrender early in 534 at Mount Papua, permitting the lost Roman provinces of north Africa to be restored to the empire.
	en.encyclopediahome.com /wiki/Belisarius (2537 words)

	Sassanid Empire - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		His army with aid of Lakhmid ruler (a Sassanid vassal kingdom), al-Mundhir IV ibn al-Mundhir defeated the Byzatine army under command of famed Belisarius twice, one in year 530 in Battle of Nisbis and other in year 531 in Battle of Callinicum.
		It was this heavy cavalry, adopted from Persia, that overran the remainder of the Roman Empire until Charles Martel inflicted the most devastating major defeat of the Islamic Expansion Era at the Battle of Tours, using both tactics inspired by the ancient Greek phalanx and terrain advantages to neutralize the Muslim heavy cavalry.
		It is clear historically that the first "Knights" complete with their feudal caste system, and code of honor, developed in the Sassanid Empire in the Asawaran (Azatan) knightly caste, and clibanarii cavalry weapons and armour, and were adopted by the Arabs, who in turn, gave them to the West.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Sassanids (10569 words)

	531 - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		April 19 - Belisarius is defeated at the Battle of Callinicum; Mundus briefly takes command of the Byzantine army.
		Some members of the Blue and Green chariot racing factions in Constantinople are imprisoned for murder, precipitating the Nika riots the next year.
		Amalaric, king of the Visigoths (killed in battle)
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/531 (121 words)

	Mundus died 536 536 was a Byzantine Byzantine general during...
		He was appointed "magister militum magister militum" of the troops in Illyria Illyria and the Danube Danube frontier in 530 530, and was responsible for repelling an invasion of the Balkans Balkans by the Slavs Slavs and Bulgars Bulgars.
		In 531 531 he accompanied Belisarius Belisarius to the eastern frontier to fight the Sassanids Sassanids, and briefly took command when Belisarius was defeated at the Battle of Callinicum Battle of Callinicum.
		In 532 532 he had been called back to Constantinople for unknown reasons, and happened to be in the city with a force of Heruli Heruli mercenaries during the Nika riots Nika riots.
	www.biodatabase.de /Mundus (247 words)

	Kennedy1
		Their victory in battle was followed swiftly by the fall of Edessa and Dara, and, in 606, the capture of Amida and Resaina led to raids into Syria.
		They appear in the Emperor Julian's campaign as raiders and guerrilla fighters, well-adapted to desert conditions; in battle with the Goths it is their ferocity and barbaric appearance which arrests the attention of even their opponents.
		Al-Harith first appeared alongside the Roman forces in 53 I1at the Battle of Callinicum but was prominent thereafter throughout the c.40 years of his reign.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/med/ken.html (9584 words)

	Mundus - Gurupedia
		He was appointed magister militum of the troops in Illyria and the Danube frontier in 530, and was responsible for repelling an invasion of the
		Belisarius to the eastern frontier to fight the Sassanids, and briefly took command when Belisarius was defeated at the Battle of Callinicum.
		In 532 he had been called back to Constantinople for unknown reasons, and happened to be in the city with a force of Heruli mercenaries during the
	www.gurupedia.com /m/mu/mundus.htm (157 words)

	Eburacum PBEM - The Players.
		They routed the Vandal army, and marched into Carthage, welcomed with open arms (the citizens of Carthage at the time were Byzantine citizens, living under Vandal rule).
		His nose is permanently deformed from countless breaks, and his cheeks are hollow from several fractures.
		Prominent arrow scars mar his back from the Battle of Callinicum in 531 AD, and his body is patched with a variety of other scars from his campaigns in North Africa, and Italy.
	members.optusnet.com.au /~mkgregory/eburacum/kyrillos.html (3112 words)

	belisarius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In June 530, he led the Byzantines to a victory over the Sassanids in the Battle of Dara, followed by a close defeat at the Battle of Callinicum on the Euphrates in 531.
		Ten miles from Carthage, the forces of Gelimer (who had just executed Hilderic) and Belisarius finally met at the Battle of Ad Decimum (September 13, 533).
		A second victory at the Battle of Ticameron later in the year (December 15) resulted in Gelimer's surrender early in 534 at Mount Papua, permitting the lost Roman provinces of north Africa to be restored to the empire.
	www.analfuckshow.com /wiki/?title=Belisarius (2196 words)

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