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Topic: Battle of Campaldino

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	Battle of Benevento - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Benevento was fought near Benevento, in Southern Italy, on February 26, 1266, between the troops of Charles of Anjou and Manfred of Sicily.
		At the time of the battle, the Hohenstaufen ruler in the Kingdom of Sicily (which included Sicily and southern Italy) was Manfred, illegitimate son of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
		Behind them was the first battle, 1,200 German mercenaries armed in coats-of-plates (a novelty at the time), commanded by his cousin Giordano Lancia and Galvano of Anglona.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Benevento (651 words)

	Battle of Campaldino - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Campaldino was a battle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines on June 11, 1289.
		The scuttlebutt reported by Villani was that a plot had been intercepted at Arezzo, by which the Bishop agreed to give over to the Florentines Bibbiena Civitella, and all the villages of his see, in return for a life annuity of 5,000 golden florins a year, guaranteed by the bank of the Cerchi.
		The battle of Campaldino secured the Guelfs in Florence, though internecine fighting among the Whites and the Blacks among the Florentine Guelfs resulted in upsets for city order, and the exile of many, including Dante, a member of the Whites, the more opposed to papal power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Campaldino (279 words)

	Battle of Campaldino
		The Aretines summoned many noble and powerful Ghibellines from Romagna, from the March (of Ancona) and from Orvieto; they displayed great boldness in desiring battle, and prepared to defend their city and to seize the most advantageous positions of the enemy’s line of march.
		And arriving near Bibbiena, at a place called Campaldino, where the enemy was, they halted there and set themselves in battle array.
		The captains of the war placed the picked cavalry in front of the main body, and those armed with large shields bearing the red lily on a white ground were drawn up to support them.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/campaldino1.htm (1390 words)

	Chiesa Di Certomondo Tuscany Monuments and Museums
		The church is set beyond an arch that once was part of the surrounded circle of wall of the convent.
		Has a simple façade in stone, enriched with a rosette and a headstone that remembers the bishop Ubertini dead in the battle of Campaldino, at brief distance from Certomondo.
		The domical vault bell tower was reconstructed in 1922, as a part of the religious building, because of the damages caused from an earthquake.
	www.tuscany-villas.it /monuments/37805.php (148 words)

	LITERARY PARKS: DANTE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The group is welcomed and guided by the Tale-tellers, who narrate Dante’s exhile in the Casentino and the battle of Campaldino.
		It’s no surprise that the Campaldino plain is the key to much of the Casentino’s rich and haunting folklore.
		A large-scale model in the castle walls reproduces the battle’s dynamics and highlights chivalrous episodes, such as the Arezzo troops’ desperate charge, and stories about the fighters who distinguished themselves on the field of honour..
	www.parchiletterari.com /en_dante.php (689 words)

	Digital Dante: Students' Work: Dante's Views of Chivalry and warfare, Canto's XII and XXVIII
		This act of Dante's is a subtle suggestion that if he did in fact fight in tne battle at Campaldino, he was led into battle just as Nessus is leading him now, rather than if he were to charge into battle.
		So often in, Bertran de Born's poem "Be-m plai lo gais temps de pascor", there is mentioned the precision of "an army on the bank, surrounded by ditches, and palisades of strong stakes close together"[16]in the process of readying an attack.
		During Dante's lifetime, all men lived in constant fear of incumbent battle, and Dante, after having fought in a battle himself, realized that he was more adept at waging purposeful war on others through his writings than through the carnage of chivalric battle.
	dante.ilt.columbia.edu /papers/dvcw (1878 words)

	Poppi: gli uomini di parte migliore...
		The Counts Guidi were involved in the wellknown battle of Campaldino that took place on 11th of June 1289, not far from Certomondo convent, won by the Florentine army and ending the fortunes of Ghibellines in Tuscany.
		This battle is also remembered at the beginning of the XXIIth chant of Dante's Inferno, who was involved in it at twentyfour, with ten hundred foot-soldiers and one hundred knights.
		At the beginning, when it seemed the fate of the battle was by the Aretins side, Dante Alighieri, who was a Florentine Guelph, had huge fear, but when the Ghibellines left thousands of men on the battlefield, including their condottiere Bishop Guglielmino degli Ubertini, the Poet could safely and happily dismount.
	www.casentino.it /pag_english/itin8_leggenda/txt8c_poppi_uk.html (301 words)

	Castello Di Rondine (resti) Tuscany Monuments and Museums
		In 1287 the Guelphs fleeing from Arezzo took possession of the castle and promised not to destroy, but to strengthen it.
		Helped from Florentine Republic after the battle of Campaldino they strengthened the Guelph dominion with this small fortress.
		But in 1323 the bishop Guido Tarlati successfully beseiged the fortress, as Florence did not come to the help of the Aretines, holding the fort.
	www.tuscany-villas.it /monuments/37703.php (203 words)

	DANTE CHRONOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		He is married shortly thereafter to Gemma Donati, with whom he has four children (Jacopo, Pietro, Giovanni and Antonia).
		1289 - Participates as a cavalryman in the battle of Campaldino.
		The Guelf League (Florence and Lucca) defeats the Ghibellines ofArezzo.
	www.italnet.nd.edu /Dante/text/Chronology.html (367 words)

	Battle of Campaldino
		Battle of Campaldino, 1289, according to Giovanni Villani
		Although Giovanni Villani wrote his chronicle in the mid-14th century, he provides one of the best accounts of the battle of Campaldino, fought between Arezzo and Florence.
		And the allies being come and the host being ordered, by secret counsel they purposed to depart by the way of Casentino, and suddenly, on the 2
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/villani2.htm (236 words)

	Story Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		During this period in time Guelphs were in a political fight against Ghibellines.
		In 1289 Dante Participates as a cavalryman in the battle of Campaldino.
		The Guelph League (Florence and Lucca) defeats the Ghibellines ofArezzo.
	enloehs.wcpss.net /projects/west/dante/page2.html (76 words)

	1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the meantime he had taken part as a cavalryman in the Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289) against Ghibelline Arezzo and in the military operations two months later against the Pisan castle of Caprona.
		Following the overthrow of Giano della Bella in 1295, and the subsequent reform of his Ordinamenti di Giustizia (Ordinances of Justice) of 1293, which had severely limited the power of the nobility, the poet enrolled himself in the Guild of Doctors and Pharmacists (for his philosophical studies) and became politically active.
		The moral and democratic leanings displayed in these stands was also expressed by Dante in the above mentioned canzoni celebrating the moral virtues of nobility and loveliness.
	www.danteonline.it /english/vita_frames/testo/t7.htm (185 words)

	Travellers´ Tales
		How incredible is it, and how typical of Italy, that a library o twenty thousand volumes, including nearly eight hundred incunabula and six hundred illuminated manuscripts, also town records that go back to 1330, should be seen incidentally as one rambles over a medieval castle.
		When we were on the ramparts, we looked to the north and saw in the valley beneath us the site of the battle of Campaldino, in which Dante fought, when the Ghibellines of Arezzo were beaten by the Florentine Guelphs on a summer's day in 1289.
		Hearing of their coming, the valiant Bishop of Arezzo, Guglielmino degli Ubertini, had gathered together his forces, and supported by the Guidi, and by Buonconte da Montefeltro and the flower of the Ghibelline chivalry of Italy, had come forth to meet them.
	www.parlital.it /francais/travellers-tales.html (1680 words)

	Dante's Inferno (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The battle between the Roman Catholic Church (the Guelfs) and the Empire (the Ghibellines) was at its height, with background fighting between internal rivals and family feuding.
		Dante’s forefathers had been Guelfs and he himself had fought in the Battle of Campaldino in 1289 against the Ghibellines.
		But, due to a feud within the Guelfs over family rivalries, Dante (who chose the wrong side in the argument) was sentenced to exile and told never to return to his native city.
	freespace.virgin.net /stephen.barr/dantes_inferno.htm (1104 words)

	Cortona arts and history of Tuscany
		From there take the little street at the right of the stairway that will take you to Piazza Signorelli, the location of the Palazzo Casali, site of the Museum of the Etruscan Academy.
		Walking in Piazza Signorelli plaza, Via Nationale, or Via Jannelli brings to mind the times when these roads saw battles between the Guelf and Ghibelline factions or between groups of local magnates.
		Another jewel of medieval Cortona is the Fortezza of Girifalco, an ancient Medici fortress.
	www.moveaboutitaly.com /toscana/cortona_medioevo_en.html (184 words)

	-- whitebeard --
		It is the famous field of Campaldino, where Guelfs and Ghibellines met in deadly combat on June 11th, the day of St. Barnabas, 1289.
		On coming into sight of each other beneath Poppi both armies drew up in order of battle, with the feditori (those appointed to make the first attack) ranged in the front rank.
		These chosen warriors were led on the Florentine side by Messer Vieri de' Cerchi, who with his sons and kinsmen had elected to occupy this post of danger; and numbered among them was the......." (Lina Eckenstein, "Through the Casentino", 1902)
	urby.motime.com /archive/2003-07 (1808 words)

	Castello di Porciano
		Both its geographical position and its architecture make it one of the most admired and most precious strongholds in the Casentino.
		According to the legend, the great poet Dante Alighieri was imprisoned in this castle after the battle of Campaldino in 1289.
		The bronze coins dating to the III century A.D. that have been found and that today are kept in the castle's museum testify the human presence in Porciano since the Roman times.
	www.toscanaviva.com /Stia/castle_of_porciano.htm (395 words)

	Renaissance Philosophers
		After Dante, writers of the Renaissance felt comfortable writing in their own languages.
		Dante grew up amidst the triumphs of the Florentine democracy, in which he took some share fighting in the front rank of the Guelph cavalry at the battle of Campaldino (11 June, 1289), when the Tuscan Ghibellines were defeated by the forces of the Guelph league, of which Florence was the head.
		This victory was followed by a reformation of the Florentine constitution, associated with the name of Giano della Bella, a great-hearted noble who had joined the people.
	www.candleinthedark.com /dante.html (4374 words)

	Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) - Poetry
		A few months after the poet's birth, the victory of Charles of Anjou over King Manfred at Benevento (26 February, 1266) ended the power of the empire in Italy, placed a French dynasty upon the throne of Naples, and secured the predominance of the Guelphs in Tuscany.
		Dante thus grew up amidst the triumphs of the Florentine democracy, in which he took some share fighting in the front rank of the Guelph cavalry at the battle of Campaldino (11 June, 1289), when the Tuscan Ghibellines were defeated by the forces of the Guelph league, of which Florence was the head.
		In 1291 he married Gemma Donati; the marriage produced four children, two sons and two daughters.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art40910.asp (552 words)

	Dante Alighieri, divine comedy, inferno, » Florentine Politics
		Dante, like many Florentines of his day, became embroiled in the Guelf-Ghibelline conflict.
		He fought in the battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289), with Florentine Guelf knights against Arezzo Ghibellines, then in 1294 he was among those knights who escorted Carlo Martello d’Anjou (son of Charles of Anjou) while he was in Florence.
		The profession he chose was not entirely inapt, since at the time books were sold from apothecaries’ shops.
	www.dantean.net /?page_id=6 (319 words)

	Note Tecniche 1/5
		Probably, he or she will have already selected the files from the '
		So to complete the information, our Student will then go to the page in
		See Figure 22 - Video-page after the search for the Saints celebrated on the day of the Battle of Campaldino.
	www.dante2000.it /en/Testo9_EN.html (624 words)

	Castle of Montecchio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Subsequently he had widened up to contain numerous residences and the church of St. Biagio.
		The Castle belonged to Arezzo up to the battle of Campaldino (1289) for then spend under Florence (1342), Perugia (1347) and again Florence.
		And Florence paid the services of our John Hawkwood with the castle!
	www.fortezze.it /castello_montecchio_en.html (121 words)

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