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Topic: Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805)

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	Battle Encyclopedia Article @ Hostilities.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Battles may be small scale, only involving a handful of individuals, perhaps two squads, up to battles on army levels where hundreds of thousands may be engaged in a single battle at one time.
		A "battle of annihilation" is one in which the defeated party is destroyed in the field, such as the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile.
		A "decisive battle" is one of particular importance; often by bringing hostilities to an end, such as the Battle of Hastings, or as a turning point in the fortunes of the belligerents, such as the Battle of Stalingrad.
	www.hostilities.org /encyclopedia/Battle (2907 words)

	Battle of Trafalgar: battle trafalgar, battle great nelson touch trafalgar, battle captain nelsons their trafalgar
		Trafalgar – Caldiero – Amstetten – Cape Ortegal – Dürenstein – Schöngrabern – Austerlitz
		The Battle of Trafalgar, fought on 21 October 1805, is part of the War of the Third Coalition assembled by Britain against France.
		Napoleon's naval plan in 1805 was for the French and Spanish fleets in the Mediterranean and Cádiz to break through the blockade and combine in the West Indies.
	advantacell.com /wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar (4849 words)

	Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The naval Battle of Cape Finisterre (Galicia, Spain) took place on 22 July 1805 during the War of the Third Coalition in the Napoleonic Wars, near Cape Finisterre in northwest Spain between a British fleet commanded by Vice Admiral Sir Robert Calder and a Franco-Spanish fleet commanded by Admiral Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve.
		By 1805 his Armée d'Angleterre was 150,000 strong and encamped at Boulogne.
		Battle of Cape Finisterre for other battles of this name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Finisterre_(1805) (1435 words)

	ooBdoo
		Horatio Nelson was born on 29 September 1758 in a rectory in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, the sixth of eleven children of The Revd Edmund Nelson and Catherine Nelson.
		On 13 September 1805 he was called upon to oppose the French and Spanish fleets which had managed to join up and take refuge in the harbour of Cádiz, Spain.
		He was laid to rest in a wooden coffin made from the mast of L'Orient which had been salvaged after the Battle of the Nile, within a sarcophagus originally carved for Cardinal Wolsey (when Wolsey fell from favour, it was confiscated by Henry VIII and was still in the royal collections in 1805).
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Horatio_Nelson (4203 words)

	Battle of Trafalgar @ Nelson.y2u.co.uk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Battle of Trafalgar, fought on 21 October 1805, was the most significant naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars and the pivotal naval battle of the 19th century.
		The concept of the line of battle was developed where every ship of the line had its predetermined position in the line of battle and the fleet attempted to stay in this formation during the battle.
		He intended to attempt to break the enemy line of battle with two or three columns in order to cut the centre and rear of the fleet from its van, and then to concentrate his forces on the ships in rear part of the line.
	nelson.y2u.co.uk /NL-Battle-of-Trafalgar.htm (4650 words)

	Battle of Ulm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ulm – Trafalgar – Caldiero – Amstetten – Cape Ortegal – Dürenstein – Schöngrabern – Austerlitz
		The Battle of Ulm, part of the Napoleonic Wars, was fought in 1805 near Ulm in Württemberg.
		In 1805, the United Kingdom, the Austrian Empire, Sweden, and the Russian Empire formed the Third Coalition to overthrow the French Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Ulm (462 words)

	July 22 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		July 22 is the 203rd day (204th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 162 days remaining.
		1499 - Battle of Dornach - The Swiss decisively defeat the Imperial army of Emperor Maximilian I.
		1805 - inconclusive battle of Cape Finisterre fought between combined French and Spanish fleets under Admiral Villeneuve and British under Admiral Calder.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/July_22 (826 words)

	Battle of Cape Finisterre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Three naval battles fought between Britain and France near Cape Finisterre in northwest Spain are known as the battle of Cape Finisterre.
		Later that year, the second battle of Cape Finisterre on 25 October 1747 was a decisive victory for a British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke.
		In the War of the Third Coalition in the Napoleonic Wars, the battle of Cape Finisterre on 22 July 1805 was an inconclusive encounter between a British fleet commanded by Vice Admiral Robert Calder and a French fleet commanded by Admiral Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Finisterre (197 words)

	Robert Calder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After the battle he was selected as bearer of the dispatches announcing the victory, and was knighted by George III on 3 March 1797.
		The ensuing battle of Cape Finisterre was a serious defeat for Napoleon: fifteen British ships had engaged twenty French and Spanish ships and captured two.
		The court-martial was held on the 23 December 1805, and resulted in a severe reprimand for Calder for not having done his utmost to renew the engagement, at the same time acquitting him of cowardice and disaffection.
	www.parsnava.com /biography/sdmc_Robert_Calder (860 words)

	LORD HORATIO NELSON 1758 TO 1805 ADMIRAL OF THE BRITISH FLEET - BATTLE OF CAPE TRAFALGAR.
		The Battle of the Nile (also known as the Battle of Abukir Bay) took place on August 1, 1798 and, as a result, Napoleon's ambition to take the war to the British in India came to an end.
		During the battle Nelson was ordered to cease the battle by his commander Sir Hyde Parker who believed that the Danish fire was too effective.
		On October 21, 1805, Nelson engaged in his final battle, the Battle of Trafalgar.
	www.solarnavigator.net /history/horatio_nelson.htm (3048 words)

	Broadside. Battle of Trafalgar
		The Battle of Trafalgar was fought on the 21st of October 1805 off Cape Trafalgar on the Spanish coast, between the combined fleets of Spain and France and the Royal Navy.
		The battle itself was the culmination of a long campaign.
		The battle continued in the dying wind and, as their masts and sails were shot away, the ships of both fleets drifted slowly about each other, looking for targets through the clouds of smoke.
	www.nelsonsnavy.co.uk /battle-of-trafalgar.html (2856 words)

	Portable Apps
		Although it was a significant loss; once the first-rate Royal Sovereign had arrived, Nelson allowed Calder to sail for home in his flagship, the 98-gun Prince of Wales.
		Calder's apparent lack of aggression during the engagement off Cape Finisterre on July 22, had caused the Admiralty to recall him for a court martial and he would normally have been sent back to Britain in a smaller ship.
		Even though Hornblower doesn't participate in the battle itself, he is put in charge of Admiral Nelson's funeral in England.
	portable-apps.subiectiv.com /portable.php?title=Battle_of_Trafalgar (5412 words)

	Battle of Trafalgar information information - Search.com
		The Battle of Trafalgar, fought on 21 October 1805, is part of the War of the Third Coalition assembled by Britain against Spain.
		Secondly, it would quickly bring on a mêlée or pell-mell battle, by breaking the enemy line and inducing a series of individual ship-to-ship fights, in which the British ships were likely to prevail.
		Because the winds were very light during the battle, all the ships were moving extremely slowly, and the lead British ships were under fire from several of the enemy for almost an hour before their own guns would bear.
	www.search.com /reference/Battle_of_Trafalgar (5276 words)

	Finisterre, Calder's battle off,22 July 1805
		After the battle he had tried to reach Ferrol, but the wind and the damage to his ships forced him to try for Cadiz instead.
		The British public was already used to dramatic naval victories, from Cape St. Vincent to the Nile, and was already critical of Calder’s action before Trafalgar raised the bar even higher.
		However, the real significance of Calder’s battle was that it removed what little faith Villeneuve had in the ability of his fleet to fight the Royal Navy, a crucial factor in Nelson’s victory at Trafalgar.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_finisterre_1805.html (1315 words)

	Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Horatio Nelson was born in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England to the Reverend Edmund Nelson and Catherine Nelson.
		The Battle of the Nile (also known as the Battle of Aboukir Bay) took place on 1 August 1798 and, as a result, Napoleon's ambition to take the war to the British in India came to an end.
		He was laid to rest in a wooden coffin made from the mast of L'Orient which had been salvaged after the Battle of the Nile, within a sarcophagus originally carved for Cardinal Wolsey (when Wolsey fell from favour, it was confiscated by Henry VIII and was still lying around in royal collections in 1805).
	www.enpsychlopedia.com /psypsych/Horatio_Nelson (4340 words)

	Broadside: Battle of Cape Finisterre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The visibility was poor and the action became a confused melee.
		At day break the following day the fleets found they had drifted apart, and Calder was unwilling to attack again against superior odds: there was the need to protect his damaged ships, and there was the possibility that the ships his fleet had been blockading would join the enemy fleet.
		The battle was a defeat for the French: fifteen British ships had engaged twenty Franco-Spanish ships and captured two of them.
	www.nauticalfiction.co.uk /action_notes_display.php?id=26 (330 words)

	July 22 - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		1298 - Battle of Falkirk - Edward I (Longshanks) of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his scottish schiltrons outside the town.
		1805 - Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition - inconclusive battle of Cape Finisterre fought between a combined French and Spanish fleets under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.
		1812 - Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War - Battle of Salamanca - British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/July_22 (1218 words)

	Lord Horatio Nelson @ Nelson.y2u.co.uk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Given the 64-gun Agamemnon in 1793, he soon started a long series of battles and engagements that would seal his place in history.
		For such a brave and brilliant commander to ask for a "kiss" from a junior officer is unthinkable in 1805 and even "kismet" (fate) carries far more credibility, especially as he chose to dress in his full regalia before entering the battle.
		As a collector of SPIRIT FLASKS, as 'hip flasks' were known in the 18th and 19th century, and from the existence of his own medicine chest which contained 14 silver topped, glass flasks, bearing labels identifying their contents, it is my belief that "kiss me Hardy" is a misquote.
	nelson.y2u.co.uk (3664 words)

	Ferrol, A Coruña
		Forester (1899-1966) immortalized Ferrol in his Horatio Hornblower novels when he decided that this was the Naval Station where his imaginary British Naval Officer was taken as a prisoner of war when captured by the Spanish during the Napoleonic Wars.
		The Napoleonic Spanish and French fleets versus Nelson and the British fleet @ Cape Trafalgar (1805).
		Casto Méndez Núñez, at the Battle of El Callao and at the Battle of Abtao, General Commander of the Spanish fleet in the Pacific (1866)
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Ferrol (1907 words)

	Lord Horatio Nelson @ Famous.y2u.co.uk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, as the French Revolution began to export itself outside of France's borders, he was recalled to service.
		In 1796, the command-in-chief of the fleet in the Merranean passed to Sir John Jervis, who tapped Nelson to be commodore of his flagship the HMS Captain.
		In the aftermath, Nelson was knighted as a member of the Order of the Bath (hence the post nominal initials "K.B.").
	famous.y2u.co.uk /F_Horatio_Nelson.htm (2936 words)

	199 Years Ago Nelson Ruled The Waves - Wild Bill Guarnere.Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The overwhelming victory over the French and Spanish fleet off Cape Trafalgar on 21 October 1805 gave the Royal Navy its most famous triumph and confirmed a long tradition of naval supremacy.
		The battle also immortalised the memory of Viscount Horatio Nelson who was shot and died of his wounds at the moment of his greatest victory.
		After a minor battle off Cape Finisterre he was bottled up in Cadiz in Spain.
	forums.wildbillguarnere.com /index.php?showtopic=7080 (986 words)

	Today in History - July 22 - Message Board - ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In this battle, William Wallace used extra-long spears to work against mounted soldiers, and King Edward I reinforced his cavalry with numerous archers.
		Wallace's use of spears was depicted in the movie Braveheart as taking place at Stirling Bridge, where he was victorious, but it was actually used at Falkirk, where he was defeated.
		1805 Third Battle of Cape Finisterre, British damage French fleet but French manage to escape in fog.
	p090.ezboard.com /fjpspanzersfrm41.showMessage?topicID=453.topic (1774 words)

	Home Page
		1747 - In the War of Austrian Succession, the British roundly defeated the French at the first Battle of Cape Finisterre.
		1796 - Napoleon Bonaparte's Army of Italy defeated the Austrians under Baron Beaulieu in the Battle of Lodi, southeast of Milan.
		1805 - Napoleon was crowned king of Italy in Milan cathedral.
	homepage.eircom.net /~speekerboxx/MayTodaytrivia.htm (3492 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on nelson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Right Honourable Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, KB (29 September 1758 andndash; 21 October 1805) was an Englishman, and a British admiral who won fame as a leading naval commander.
		The Battle of the Nile (also known as the Battle of Abukir Bay) took place on 1 August, 1798 and, as a result, Napoleon's ambition to take the war to the British in India came to an end.
		The sarcophagus in which he was entombed was originally built for Cardinal Wolsey, but when Wolsey fell from favour, it was confiscated by Henry VIII.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/nelson (3994 words)

	1805 in History - Basic History Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		07-22 - Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition: inconclusive battle of Cape Finisterre fought between a combined French and Spanish fleets under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.
		10-21 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Trafalgar: a British fleet led by Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain.
		12-02 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Austerlitz: French troops under Napoleon decisively defeat a joint Russo-Austrian force.
	www.basichistoryonline.com /years.php?y=1805 (353 words)

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