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Topic: Battle of Carthage (698)

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	Carthage
		Carthage (from the Phoenician Kart-Hadasht, the "New City", written without vowels in Punic as Qrthdst), was a city in north Africa located on the eastern side of Lake Tunis, across from the center of modern Tunis in Tunisia.
		Carthage was weakened severely by the loss, and the old government of entrenched nobility was ousted to be replaced by the Carthaginian Republic.
		Carthage under the Phoenicians was notorious to its neighbors for child sacrifice.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/c/ca/carthage.html (1875 words)

	List of battles (alphabetical)
		Battle of Covadonga - 722 - Moslem Conquest of Spain[?]
		Battle of Mohacs - 1526 - Turkish Conquest of Hungary[?]
		Battle of Pavia (773) - Conquests of Charlemagne[?]
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_battles_(alphabetical).html (3761 words)

	Carthage, Africa - LoveToKnow 1911
		According to the classical tradition Carthage was founded about 850 B.C. by Tyrian emigrants led by Elissa or Elissar, the daughter of the Tyrian king Mutton I., fleeing from the tyranny of her brother Pygmalion.
		At this period Carthage, with a population of perhaps 1,000,000, was in the enjoyment of extraordinary prosperity alike in its internal industries and in its foreign trade.
		At the synod of Carthage in 411 this heresy was condemned owing to the eloquence of Augustine.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Carthage,_Africa (5216 words)

	Carthage, ancient city, N Africa. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Carthage was founded (traditionally by Dido) from Tyre in the 9th cent.
		B.C.) by Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse, in the battle of Himera.
		B.C. Syracuse resisted the conquerors, and a century later Carthage was threatened by the campaign (310–307?) of the tyrant Agathocles on the shores of Africa.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/CarthageAf.html (789 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Battle of Carthage (c.149 BC): The only major engagement of the Third Punic War, which was a protracted siege starting somewhere between 149 BC and 147 BC, and ending in the spring of 146 BC with the complete destruction of the city of Carthage.
		Battle of Carthage (238): The decisive conflict in the revolt of Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (Gordian II) against the Roman emperor Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus (Maximinus Thrax).
		Battle of Carthage (698): part of the Islamic conquests, fought between the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa, and the armies of the Umayyad Caliphate.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Battle_of_Carthage (195 words)

	Carthage, Tunisia - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Dido was the legendary founder and queen of Carthage; the city was probably established as a trading post toward the end of the 9th century BC by Phoenicians.
		By the subjugation of the Libyan tribes and by the annexation of older Phoenician colonies, Carthage in the 6th century BC controlled the entire North African coast from the Atlantic Ocean to the western border of Egypt, as well as Sardinia, Malta, the Balearic Islands, and part of Sicily.
		Carthage first encountered defeat in Sicily in 480 BC, when the Carthaginian general Hamilcar (flourished 5th century BC) commanded a force that hoped to expand Carthaginian influence throughout Sicily, but was defeated by Gelon, the tyrant (ruler) of Syracuse.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /carthage_tunisia.htm (1049 words)

	List of battles 601-1400
		698 Battle of Carthage (698)[?] - Moslem Conquest of North Africa[?]
		1176 Battle of Myriokephalon Seljuk Turks defeat army of Emperor Manuel I Comnenus of the Byzantine Empire in Phrygia
		1340 Battle of Rio Salado[?] Oct. 30 Alphonso XI of Castile defeats Moslems
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_battles_601-1400.html (1261 words)

	Carthage - TheBestLinks.com - Atlantic Ocean, Arianism, Agathocles, Augustine of Hippo, ...
		Carthage, Atlantic Ocean, Arianism, Agathocles, Augustine of Hippo, Arab...
		This imminent threat could not be ignored, and Carthage -- possibly as part of an alliance with Persia, then engaged in a war with Greece -- fielded its largest military force to date under the leadership of the general Hamilcar.
		The political fallout from the deep disaffection of African Christians was a crucial factor in the ease with which Carthage and the other centers were captured in the 5th century by Gaiseric, king of the Vandals, who defeated the Byzantine general Bonifatius and made the city his capital.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Carthage.html (2382 words)

	Carthage at AllExperts
		Carthage was a contemporary superpower with the Roman Republic of the 2nd and 3rd Century BC, and was its rival for dominance of the western Mediterranean.
		A new city of Carthage was built on the same land, and by the 1st century it had grown to the second largest city in the western half of the Roman empire, with a peak population of 500,000.
		Carthage briefly became the capital of an usurper, Domitius Alexander, in 308-311.
	en.allexperts.com /e/c/ca/carthage.htm (4644 words)

	Carthage information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Carthage was built on a promontory with inlets to the sea to the north and south.
		The empire of Carthage depended heavily on its trade with Tartessos and other cities of the Iberian peninsula, from which it obtained vast quantities of silver and, even more importantly, tin ore, which was essential to the manufacture of bronze objects by the civilizations of antiquity.
		By the 1th century, Carthage was the center of the Roman province of Africa, with a peak population of 500,000 people, it was one of the largest cities in pre industrial history.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Carthage (5557 words)

	Sicilian Peoples: The Carthaginians - Best of Sicily Magazine - Carthaginians, Phoenicians, Hanibal, Hamilcar, Punic ...
		Carthage, near modern Tunis, was founded around 800 BC (BCE) by Phoenicians from Tyre, who called it "Karthadasht," meaning "new city." Initially a Phoenician trading post, it soon developed into a thriving city-state with a fortified harbor.
		Utica, near Carthage, was probably their first settlement in the region and in Roman times did not always find itself in harmony with its larger neighbor.
		In 698 it was finally destroyed by Arabs during the Muslim Arab migration westward across north Africa and into Sicily and Spain.
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art156.htm (1549 words)

	sociology - Carthage
		Carthage (from the Phoenician Kart-Hadasht, the "New City", written without vowels in Punic as Qrthdst), was an ancient city in north Africa located on the eastern side of Lake Tunis, across from the center of modern Tunis in Tunisia.
		Carthage's government was an oligarchy, not unlike that of republican Rome, but few details are known.
		The political fallout from the deep disaffection of African Christians was a crucial factor in the ease with which Carthage and the other centres were captured in the 5th century by Gaiseric, king of the Vandals, who defeated the Byzantine general Bonifatius and made the city his capital.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Carthage (2716 words)

	Carthage - Crystalinks
		In 509 BC a treaty was signed between Carthage and Rome indicating a division of influence and commercial activities.
		At the start of the first Punic War, Carthage was the ascendant power of the Mediterranean, with an extensive maritime empire, while Rome was rapidly rising in prominence as the dominant power in Italy.
		By the conclusion of the third war, Rome had conquered Carthage's entire empire and razed the city itself to the ground, becoming in the process the most powerful state of the Mediterranean.
	www.crystalinks.com /carthage.html (3393 words)

	History 303: Byzantine Dark Age
		Revolt in Carthage and Accession of HERACLIUS (610-641)
		Battle of Attaleia ("Battle of the Masts"): Defeat of Imperial Navy and Flight of Constans II Mutiny at Fustat (Cairo) and Murder of Caliph Uthman
		Battle of Pliska: Slaughter of Nicephorus I and the Byzantine army
	homeport.tcs.tulane.edu /~august/H303/chronologies/Byzantine_Dark_Age.htm (422 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Carthage - AOL Research & Learn
		The move against the island, begun by settlements in W Sicily, was brought to a halt when the Carthaginian general Hamilcar (a name that recurred in the powerful Carthaginian family usually called the Barcas) was defeated (480 B.C.) by Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse, in the battle of Himera.
		Hamilcar's grandson, Hannibal (another name much used in the family), destroyed Himera (409 B.C.), and his colleague Himilco sacked Acragas (modern Agrigento) in 406 B.C. Syracuse resisted the conquerors, and a century later Carthage was threatened by the campaign (310–307?) of the tyrant Agathocles on the shores of Africa.
		Carthage was later ( 439–533) the capital of the Vandals and was briefly recovered (533) for the Byzantine Empire by Belisarius.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/carthage/20051205211109990001 (797 words)

	Carthage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carthage (from the Phoenician Qart-Hadasht "New City" (written without vowels as QRT HDŠT קרת חדשת), was an ancient city in North Africa located on the eastern side of Lake Tunis, across from the center of modern Tunis in Tunisia.
		Roman writers referred to its heads of state as reges "kings"; Punic inscriptions and Greco-Roman accounts show the indigenous term was Sōfetīm "Judges" (the same name early rulers are given in the Bible), which might originally have been the title of the city's governor installed by the mother city of Tyre.
		In 698 the Exarchate of Africa was finally overrun by the rising forces of Islam, and Carthage itself was destroyed by the Arab invaders, to be replaced by Tunis as the major regional center.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Carthage (3192 words)

	Carthage, Ancient Roman Coins, coin collecting, byzantine coins, and classical numismatics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Gaiseric made Carthage his capital, left the efficient Roman bureaucracy intact, and the Vandal kingdom of Africa prospered.
		The tide of battle stood against the Byzantines until Ammatas was killed.
		CARTHAGE LOST TO THE MUSLIMS IN 697 A.D. Arab invaders conquered the region in the 7th century A.D., and the former Romano-Christian culture was replaced by Islam.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /forvm/Articles/Carthage.htm (992 words)

	Detail Page
		Carthage itself established a number of settlements in Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, the Balearic Islands, and southern Spain.
		Babylonian pressure on the city of Tyre in the Phoenician homeland forced Carthage to act independently and respond to pressure from the Greek colonies on the island of Sicily in the Mediterranean.
		Nonetheless, Carthage lost the second Punic War when its army was defeated at the battle of Zama in North Africa.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=AFR0424 (1311 words)

	Carthage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		For other uses of the word, see Carthage (disambiguation).'' A map of the central [[Mediterranean Sea, showing the location of Carthage (near modern Tunis).
		The map also shows Italy and the islands of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica.]] Carthage (from the Phoenician Kart-Hadasht, the "New City", written without vowels in Punic as Qrthdst), was an ancient city in north Africa located on the eastern side of Lake Tunis, across from the center of modern Tunis in Tunisia.
		Its heads of state are commonly referred to as "sufets/shophets" (literally, "judges"; Roman writers referred to them as "reges", kings), which might originally have been the title of the city's governor installed by the mother city of Tyre.
	carthage.iqnaut.net (2799 words)

	Battle of Carthage (698) at AllExperts
		The Battle of Carthage was fought in 698 between the Roman Exarchate of Africa and the armies of the Umayyad Caliphate.
		The emir Hassan Ibn al-Numan was in the midst of pacifying the lands of Tamazgh (as it is called by the indigenous peoples) or Maghreb (Arabic for the west) but withdrew from campaigning in the field to confront the renewed Roman challenge to the emerging caliphate.
		The Romans retreated to the islands of Corsica, Sicily and Crete to further resist Muslim expansion and await the emperor's wrath.
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/ba/battle_of_carthage_(698).htm (690 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, AL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Varangian Guard fought at the Battle of Beroia in 1122 with great distinction, and were present at the Battle of Sirmium in 1167, in which the Byzantine army smashed the forces of the Kingdom of Hungary.
		The Varangian Guard is thought to have been disbanded after the sack of Constantinople by the forces of the Fourth Crusade in 1204; nearly all contemporary accounts agreed that they were the most important Byzantine unit present and were instrumental in driving off the first Crusader assaults.
		Emperor Constantine XI himself led the last defense of the city, and throwing aside his purple regalia, dove headfirst into the rushing Ottomans, dying in the ensuing battle in the streets, along with his soldiers.
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Byzantine_army (4342 words)

	Battle of Carthage (698) information - Search.com
		The Battle of Carthage was fought in 698 between the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa and the armies of the Umayyad Caliphate.
		The emir Hassan Ibn al-Numan was in the midst of pacifying the lands of Tamazgh (as it is called by the indigenous peoples) or Maghreb (Arabic for the west) but withdrew from campaining in the field to confront the renewed Roman challenge to the emerging caliphate.
		The Romans retreated to the islands of Corsica, Sicily and Crete to further resist Muslim expansion and await the emperor's wrath.
	www.search.com /reference/Battle_of_Carthage_(698) (680 words)

	Great Battles of the Dark Ages and Medieval Periods \| Miniature Wargaming Wiki
		* 500 Battle of Mons Badonicus or Battle of Mynydd Baddon Later connected to King Arthur
		* 698 Battle of Carthage - Moslem Conquest of North Africa
		* 1257 Battle of Cadfan - The Welsh rout the English at Cadfan
	www.miniaturewargaming.com /index.php/wiki/Great_Battles_of_the_Dark_Ages_and_Medieval_Periods (346 words)

	Battles
		This is an attempt at a list of the major battles and military incidents to have taken place in the course of Roman history:
		52 BC Battle near Dijon hands initiative back to Caesar
		no winner / drawn battle (possible win by Parthians)
	www.roman-empire.net /diverse/battles.html (43 words)

	Carthage, ancient city, N Africa: The Punic Wars and the Decline of Carthage — FactMonster.com
		Carthage, ancient city, N Africa: The Punic Wars and the Decline of Carthage — FactMonster.com
		, and partly by the fatal division of the leading families in Carthage itself, which prevented Hannibal from receiving proper supplies.
		Carthage was later (A.D. 439–533) the capital of the Vandals and was briefly recovered (533) for the Byzantine Empire by Belisarius.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0857196.html (310 words)

	Category:Battles of the Byzantine Empire information - Search.com
		The Middle Ages task force of the Military history WikiProject is looking for participants to help expand and improve content relating to military history during the Middle Ages.
		This category contains historical battles in which the Byzantine Empire (476–1453) participated.
		Please see the category guidelines for more information.
	www.search.com /reference/Category:Battles_of_the_Byzantine_Empire (151 words)

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