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Topic: Battle of Cecora

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	Cecora, Battle of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		During the Polish-Turkish War of 1620–1, which was started by Turkey in an attempt to annex Ukraine, a battle took place near the Moldavian
		village of Ţuţora [Cecora], not far from the town of
		After the battle the Tatars ravaged a large part of Podilia and eastern Galicia.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/C/E/CecoraBattleof.htm (95 words)

	Chocim 1621
		In the Battle of Chocim in 1621, an army of 160,000 Turkish veterans, led by Osman II, advanced from Adrianople towards the Polish frontier.
		Battle of Cecora (also known as Battle of Ţuţora) was a battle between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (assisted by Moldavian troops) and Ottoman forces (backed by Tatars), fought from September 17 to October 7, 1620 in Moldavia, near the Prut river.
		Hetmans Zólkiewski and Stanisław Koniecpolski led the army to Cecora (Ţuţora, a commune in Iaşi county, Romania) to fight the Horde of Khan Temir (Kantymir).
	www.kismeta.com /diGrasse/Chocim21.htm (1352 words)

	Stanislaw Koniecpolski - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The morale of the army was low, and while Koniecpolski stopped the army from disintegrating on 20 and 21 September, during the later retreat the army collapsed and ran towards the river.
		In the ensuing battle Żólkiewski was killed and Koniecpolski and many magnates (Samuel Korecki, Mikolaj Struś, Mikołaj Potocki, Jan Żółkiewski, son of Stanisław and Łukasz Żołkiewski) were taken captive.
		During the crossing of the Vistula near Kieżmark, in the vicinity of Gdańsk, he met the Polish forces and in the ensuing battle was wounded in the hip and forced to retreat.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Stanislaw_Koniecpolski (3193 words)

	[No title]
		During the interregnum in Poland after the death of Henry of Valois, Zolkiewski was an ardent partisan of the chancellor Zamoyski, and supported the candidature of Stephen Bathory, under whose banner he learned the art of war in the Muscovite campaigns.
		On the death of Stephen, Zolkiewski vigorously supported the policy of Zamoyski, and took an active part in the battle of Byczyna, when the Austrian archduke Maximilian was defeated by the Polish chancellor.
		On his return he was fiercely assailed by the diet for not risking everything in a pitched battle, but Zolkiewski defended himself with an eloquence which silenced his most venomous opponents.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=71765&locale=en (799 words)

	John Sobieski
		Born at Olesko in 1629; died at Wilanow, 1696; son of James, Castellan of Cracow and descended by his mother from the heroic Zolkiewski, who died in battle at Cecora.
		Their retreat was taken for flight by the Turks, who rushed forward in pursuit; the hussars turned upon them with reinforcements and charged again, when their shouts made known that the "Northern Lion" was on the field and the Turks fled, panic-stricken, with Sobieski's horsemen still in pursuit.
		Still the battle raged for a time along all the line; both sides fought bravely, and the king was everywhere commanding, fighting, encouraging his men and urging them forward.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/sobieski,john.html (963 words)

	Khotyn - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In the 1621 battle of Khotyn, an army of 160,000 Turkish veterans were led by Sultan Osman II from Adrianople towards the Polish frontier.
		The battle is described by Wacław Potocki in his most famous work Transakcja wojny chocimskiej and ends the period of Moldavian Magnate Wars.
		In the 1673 battle of Khotyn, the Polish Hussars again fought a major battle at this location.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Khotyn (592 words)

	XMEL.ORG - Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Chmielnicki)
		During the battle, the Polish commanders lost their nerve and fled and, as the news spread, the rest of the army followed suit.
		A deciding factor in the defeat was the actions of the Tatars who, at a crucial juncture, withdrew from the battle.
		The massive battle was also costly to the victorious Poles and near Bila Tserkva they initiated negotiations.
	www.xmel.org /bohdan.htm (4345 words)

	[No title]
		In Busza, forced by the superior strength of the enemy, he made a convention with them, for which he was put on his defense in the Diet, and ordeal from which he came forth victorious once more.
		Zolkiewski was killed on 7 October 1620 during the Polish retreat after the battle of Cecora against the Turks in Moldavia near Prut river.
		After the battle, his body was desecrated, his head cut off and sent to Constantinople as a war trophy.
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/rsolecki/stanislaw_zolkiewski.html (799 words)

	Poland Deluged
		In 1600, Charles retaliated by invading the Polish province of Livonia.
		The Battle of Chocim was commemorated in an epic poem by Waclaw Potocki, Wojna chocimska (The War of Chocim).
		Captured at the Battle of Cecora, he was imprisoned in Constantinople for two years where he learnt Turkish.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-104.htm (1871 words)

	Moldavia:
		In 1342 and 1345, the Hungarians were victorious in a battle against Tatars; the conflict was resolved by the death of Jani Beg, in 1357).
		A deep crisis was to follow Alexandru’s long reign, with his successors battling each other in a succession of wars that divided the country until the murder of Bogdan II and the ascension of Petru Aron in 1451.
		Polish incursions were dealt a blow by the Ottomans during the 1620 Battle of Cecora, which also saw an end to the reign of Gaspar Graziani.
	winelib.com /wiki/Moldavia (2872 words)

	Zygmunt III Vasa - Wikipedia Light! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		When Maximilian attempted to resolve the dispute by bringing a military force and starting the war of Polish succession, he was defeated at the battle of Byczyna by the supporters of Zygmunt, under the command of Polish hetman Jan Zamojski.
		Eventually after the defeat of Polish forces in the battle of Cecora in 1620 Commonwealth would have to relinquish its claims to the Principality of Moldavia.
		Eventually, royalist forces defeated the rokoszans on 6 July 1607 at the Battle of Guzów, but the eventual compromise was a return to the status quo ante from before 1605.
	www.godseye.com /wiki/index.php/Sigismund_III_of_Poland (1691 words)

	Polish Renaissance Warfare - Army Composition, Battle tacticss
		This was superbly illustrated at the battle of Kircholm in 1605, where Polish forces succeeded in surrounding and routing a three times larger Swedish force.
		A strong reserve was an important component in most battles of this period, used only when the enemy had committed all his forces and then unleashed in a devastating charge.
		Gustav avoided open battle, carefully shielding his army with field obstacles, and the Poles could not counter the Swedish firepower superiority.
	www.jasinski.co.uk /wojna/comp/comp03.htm (736 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Oryn, where he made a mistake of charging in front of his army against overwhelming odds and consequently barely made it out of the battle alive.
		Gdańsk, he met the Polish forces and in the ensuing battle was wounded in the
		The final battle took place on 27 June 1629 near Trzciana.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Stanislaw_Koniecpolski.html (2655 words)

	Khotyn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Battle of Khotyn in 1621, an army of 160,000 Turkish veterans, led by Osman II, advanced from Adrianople towards the Polish frontier.
		The Polish commander Jan Karol Chodkiewicz crossed the Dniester in September 1621 with approximately 35,000 soldiers and entrenched the Khotyn Fortress, blocking the path of the Ottoman march.
		This time Polish forces under the command of soon-to-be-king Jan Sobieski defeated the Ottomans on 11 November 1673.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Khotyn (767 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The ensuing chaos and string of retaliations often turned the entire south-eastern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth border into a low-intensity war zone and led to the escalation of the Commonwealth-Ottoman warfare, from the Moldavian Magnate Wars to the Battle of Cecora and Wars in 1633-1634.
		Battle of Cecora Cossacks numbers expanded with peasant immigration from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Although the Wehrmacht reached the outskirts of Moscow, the Red Army stopped the Nazi offensive at the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943, which became the decisive turning point for Germany's fortunes in the war.
	cossack.en.wikivx.com (11966 words)

	Stanislaw Żółkiewski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In Busza, forced by the superior strength of the enemy, he made a convention with them, for which he was put on his defence in the Diet, and ordeal from which he came forth victorious once more.
		He died in battle on the disastrous field of Cecora, borne down by Turkish hordes, abandoned by his own troops, but fighting like a hero to the very last.
		He was a great patriot, a faithful servant of the nation and of a weak king who hated him, an ardent Catholic, and one who did much to promote the union of the Ruthenian Church.
	www.najmici.net /szukalski/cecora.htm (546 words)

	All Empires History Forum: The best Horse Riders
		Turkish cavalry was beaten by Polish in Battles of Chocim 1621, Chocim 1673 and Wienna 1688.
		There was a battle between Polish and Russian cavalry (won by the Poles) just before the siege (it was on the 2nd of October, 1608).
		Battle of Kluszyn - 35.000 Russian-Swedish army was defeated by 7.000 Polish-Lithuanian army.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=6583&PN=9 (8623 words)

	Samuel Korecki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Popular among Cossacks, he fought with Ottoman Empire vassals, the Tatars.
		During the last stages of Moldavian Magnate Wars at the battle of Cecora he, together with many other Commonwealth commanders, like Stanisław Koniecpolski, got captured by Ottomans.
		Imprisoned in the Castle of Seven Towers, Korecki was eventually killed in Constantinople on 27 June 1622.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Samuel_Korecki (160 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Ottoman Wars of the 17th century
		In the Battle of Khotyn in 1621, an army of 160,000 Turkish veterans, led by
		In the Battle of Khotyn in 1621, an army of 160,000 Turkish veterans,
		I like the battle of Cecora with Zolkiewski, even thought he battle was lost, Zolkiewski died a good death.
	www.allempires.com /Forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=9841&PN=1 (838 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> cv:1620 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		September 17 to October 7 - The Battle of Cecora between Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth-Moldavian troops and the Ottoman Empire, ending in a major victory for the Ottomans.
		November 8 - The Battle of White Mountain, the first battle in the Thirty Years' War, takes place near Prague, ending in a decisive Catholic victory in only two hours.
		Two officers of the British East India Company attempt to claim the Table Mountain region (in present-day South Africa) for England, but fail.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/cv:1620 (404 words)

	Political Crossfire Forums :: View topic - Christian's heroes
		The Battle of Szigetvar was a monumental battle in the small fort of Szigetvár in Hungary in 1566 between the defending forces of the Kingdom of Hungary under the leadership of Croatian ban Nikola ubiæ Zrinski, and the invading army of the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
		The Battle of Lepanto (7 October 1571) was a naval battle at the northern edge of the entrance to the Gulf of Corinth (then the Gulf of Lepanto), off western Greece.
		During the course of the battle, the Ottoman commander's ship was boarded and the Spanish Tercios from 3 galleys and the Turkish Janissaries from 7 galleys fought on the deck of the Turkish Sultana.
	www.politicalcrossfire.com /forum/archive.php/o_t__t_28171__view_previous__index.html (14701 words)

	SRAS Encyclopedia of People, Places, and Concepts
		He served the Polish army until he was captured by the Turks in the disastrous Battle of Cecora in 1620 and served two years as a prisoner of war.
		He was killed at the age of 90 in the battle with Philip of Macedon, though the Scythian kingdom survived and flourished.
		Taras Shevchenko was born a peasant and orphaned at the age of twelve.
	www.sras.org /news2.phtml?m=445 (5926 words)

	search.com - Sigismund III of Poland
		When Maximilian attempted to resolve the dispute by bringing a military force and starting the war of Polish succession, he was defeated at the battle of Byczyna by the supporters of Sigismund, under the command of Polish hetman Jan Zamojski.
		In the meantime, trouble were growing on the southern border of the Commonwealth, where Jan Zamoyski and other magnates were engaged in the Magnate wars in Moldavia.
		Eventually, royalist forces defeated the rokoszans on 6 July 1607 at the battle of Guzów, but the eventual compromise was the return to the status quo from before 1605.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Sigismund_III_of_Poland (1603 words)

	Random Works of the Web » Blog Archive » History of Poland (1569-1795) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		With the Commonwealth engaged on its northern and eastern borders with near constant conflicts against Sweden and Muscovy, its armies were spread thin.
		Finally, the southern wars culminated in the Polish defeat at the battle of Cecora in 1620.
		John III Sobieski most famous achievement was to deal crushing defeat to the Ottoman Empire in 1683 at the Battle of Vienna, which marked the final turning point in a 250-year struggle between the forces of Christian Europe and the Islamic Ottoman Empire.
	random.dragonslife.org /history-of-poland-1569-1795/419 (4141 words)

	1632 oddd.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Battle of Lützen was one of the most decisive battles of the Thirty Years' War.
		A more long-lasting consequence of the battle was the death of the legendary Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus.
		Hence the Battle of Lützen occurred on November 16 for the Catholics but on November 6 for the Swedes.
	www.oddd.org /en/1632 (10299 words)

	people (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Unfortunately, Poles did not take advantage of this victory; the Teutons managed to defend Malbork (Marienburg) and, despite further defeats in battles, the might of the Order was not crushed.
		The final blow to the Polish independence was dealt after the failure of an anti-Russian uprising in 1794 (Kosciuszko Insurrection).
		In 1795, Russia, Austria and Prussia divided the remains of the Republic among themselves, forcing Stanislaw August to abdicate.
	home.btclick.com /polishembassy/info/history_in_brief/history_modern_times.html (1756 words)

	New Page 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Janissary troops were always led to the battle by the sultan himself, and always had a share of the booty.
		In the aftermath of the Moldavian Magnate Wars (1595–1621) with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Habsburgs, culminating in the battles of Cecora and Ottoman defeat at Khotyn, Sultan Osman II died during the rebellion of janissaries in 1622.
		The northern borders of the Ottoman Empire slowly began to shrink southwards after the second Battle of Vienna in 1683.
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis67.htm (1303 words)

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