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Topic: Battle of Changsha

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	Three Kingdoms Battle Chronology (Chinese/English)
		Yuan Shao annihilates Gongsun Zan, Battle of Yijing
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		Sima Yi annihilates Gongsun Yuan, Battle of Liao Dong
	kongming.net /novel/battles (1311 words)

	Why War? Keywords: World War II
		Germany was unable to defeat the Royal Air Force in the Battle of Britain and gain the air superiority needed to invade Britain.
		Seesaw battles across the North African desert between Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps and the British Eighth Army came to an end with the Commonwealth victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein.
		Moscow was again spared, and at the end of 1942 the Soviets succeeded in smashing the Axis front lines in the south and surrounding the German 6th Army at Stalingrad; in February 1943 the paltry remnant of the 300,000 man army surrendered.
	www.why-war.com /encyclopedia/read.php?offset=135&id=326&sortby= (3356 words)

	Learn more about List of battles (alphabetical) in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Battle of Covadonga - 722 - Moslem Conquest of Spain
		Battle of Mohacs - 1526 - Turkish Conquest of Hungary
		Battle of Pavia (773) - Conquests of Charlemagne
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_battles__alphabetical_.html (4758 words)

	Battle of Changsha (1939) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Battle of Changsha (September 17, 1939 – October 6, 1939) was the first attempt by Japan to take the city of Changsha, China, during the second Sino-Japanese War.
		The Japanese 101st and 106th Divisions were deployed on the western bank of the Gan River in northern Jiangxi, and the 5th, 3rd, 13th, and 33rd Divisions marched southward from southern Hubei to northern Hunan.
		On September 29 the Japanese reached the outskirts of Changsha.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939) (569 words)

	World War II
		Heavy losses affected both sides in the battle of Stalingrad, one of the bloodiest battles in history.
		In the two battles at El Alamein in June and late October - early November, the British under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery defeated the famed German general Erwin Rommel and pushed the Germans out of Egypt, westward towards Tunisia.
		The crucial Battle of Midway followed in June: the fortunes of war could easily have given either side the victory, but Japanese naval aviation suffered a devastating defeat from which it never recovered.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ww/WW_II.html (4389 words)

	Battles of WWII (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Battle of Monte Cassino was, in fact, a desperate and costly series of battles fought by the Allies during January and February of 1944 with the intention of liberating and linking up with allies contained within the Anzio pocket.
		Battle of Hurtgen Forest is name given to series of battles fought in the Hurtgen Forest, afterwards known to both Americans and Germans simply as the Hurtgenwald.
		The Battle of Okinawa, fought on the island of Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands (south of the four big islands of Japan) was the largest amphibious assault during the Pacific campaign of World War II.
	members.tripod.com /goatman_2006/id19.html (15448 words)

	All About Symbian - Software - Encyclopedia of World War II Battles FREE first chapter in the trial version
		Battle of Brody June 24 - June 26 - One of the largest tank battles of the World War II Battle of Kiev July 7 - September 26 - The largest encirclement battle of the World War II Battle of Smolensk July 10 - September 10 - Soviet attempt to block Wehrmacht's advance on Moscow
		Naval Battle of Singapore December 10 - Japanese torpedo craft sunk HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse.
		Battle of Prachuab Khirikhan (December 8 - December 23) - Japan conquers Thailand.
	www.allaboutsymbian.com /software/item/Encyclopedia_of_World_War_II_Battles_FREE_first_chapter_in_the_trial_version.php (772 words)

	Battle of Changsha (1942) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Changsha (December 24, 1941 - January 15, 1942) was the third attempt by Japan to take the city of Changsha, China during the second Sino-Japanese War.
		The third Battle of Changsha was the first major offensive in China following the attack on Pearl Harbor.
		Changsha was evacuated except for the Chinese army and some 160 civilians who wished to stay to help the defense.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1942) (653 words)

	Three Kingdoms Battle Chronology (Chinese/English)
		Yuan Shao annihilates Gongsun Zan, Battle of Yijing
		Xiahou Yuan annihilates Liang Xing, Battle of Lucheng
		Sima Yi annihilates Gongsun Yuan, Battle of Liao Dong
	www.kongming.net /novel/battles (1311 words)

	AwesomeGames \| Thats What She Said
		The Soviets later encircled and captured the German Sixth Army at the Battle of Stalingrad (1942-43), decisively defeated the Axis during the Battle of Kursk, and broke the Siege of Leningrad.
		In the Battle of the Caucasus, fought in the late summer and fall of 1942, the Axis forces captured the oil fields.
		At the Battle of North Cape, Germany's last battlecruiser, the Scharnhorst, was sunk by HMS Duke of York, HMS Belfast, and several destroyers.
	www.freewebs.com /warman21/ww2.htm (7989 words)

	World War II
		It was the largest armed conflict in history, spanning the entire world and involving more countries than any previous war, as well as introducing powerful new weapons, culminating in the first use of atomic bombs, whose very existence had been a tightly-held secret.
		Heavy losses affected both sides in the battle of Stalingrad, one of the bloodiest battles in history.
		The crucial Battle of Midway followed in June: the fortunes of war could easily have given either side the victory, but Japanese naval aviation suffered a devastating defeat from which it never recovered.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/world_war_ii.htm (2935 words)

	World War II
		It was the largest armed conflict in history, spanning the entire world and involving more countries than any previous war, as well as introducing powerful new weapons, culminating in the first use of nuclear weapons.
		It was the first major defeat of the German army, and they never regained their momentum, allowing the Russian armies to eventually push the Germans all the way back to Berlin.
		In response to this, officers of the Kwantung Army without knowledge of the high command in Tokyo decided to manufacture the Battle of Lugou Bridge, also known as the incident at the Marco Polo Bridge, by which they succeeded in their intention of provoking a conflict between China and Japan, the Sino-Japanese War).
	www.fastload.org /wo/World_War_II.html (4440 words)

	World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Battle of the River Plate in South America.
		Battle of Britain and gain the air superiority needed to invade Britain.
		Battle of Kursk (July 1943) was so unsuccessful that the Red Army were able to counterattack and regain the ground previously lost.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~eushrair/worldwartwo.htm (3850 words)

	ASUtv Special Feature, "Why We Fight" during May and June \| ASU New Media Network
		The Battle of Britain (1943) Britain fights for its' life as the Luftwaffe battles the Royal Air Force for control of the skies over England.
		The Battle of Russia (1943) A two-part episode which shows the history of Russia's defense strategy and Russia's battle against the Nazi onslaught.
		The Battle of China (1944) Japanese aggression and brutality is shown in the Nanjing Massacre, while Chinese efforts include the building of the Burma Road and the Battle of Changsha.
	asutv.asu.edu /node/84 (299 words)

	WW2DB: Third Battle of Changsha
		The Japanese reached Changsha on 31 Dec, attacking the southeastern edge of the city on the same day, but failed to breach Chinese defenses.
		Also on 31 Dec, the northern defenses were subjected to a heavy bombardment and the first line of defense was crushed, but the second line toward the center of the city held back Japanese attacks.
		By 4 Jan, the Japanese attack force was on the verge of collapse, while the reserve 9th Independent Brigade at Yueyang was tied down by a Chinese attack.
	ww2db.com /battle_spec.php?battle_id=184 (326 words)

	Wikinfo \| Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)
		Battle of Lugou Bridge (Marco Polo Bridge Incident) on July 7, 1937.
		Following the Battle of Lugou Bridge in 1937, the Japanese occupied Shanghai, Nanjing and Northern Shanxi as part of campaigns involving approximately 200,000 Japanese soldiers, and considerably more Chinese soldiers.
		After the fall of Nanjing, it is estimated that as many as 300,000 people died in the Nanjing Massacre.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Sino-Japanese_War_(1937-1945) (1307 words)

	Battle of Changsha
		Most historians place the beginning of the second Sino-Japanese War on the Battle of Lugou Bridge (also known as the "Marco Polo Bridge Incident") on July 7, 1937.
		Following the Battle of Lugou Bridge in 1937, the Japanese occupied Shanghai, Nanjing and Northern Shanxi as part of campaigns involving approximately 200,000 Japanese soldiers, and considerably more Chinese soldiers.
		After the fall of Nanjing, it is estimated that as many as 300,000 people died in the Nanjing Massacre.
	www.world-war-2.info /battles/bt_19.php (769 words)

	Wikinfo \| World War II:Part 2
		The cold winter of 1944 combined with a poor situation for the Allies led to a stagnate situation on the western front.
		The Americans continued to grind away at the defenders in the Battle of Hurtgen Forest.
		After the war, many high-ranking Nazis and Japanese leaders were prosecuted for war crimes, as well as the mass murder of the Holocaust.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=World_War_II:Part_2 (2735 words)

	World War II - North Texas Vets - Some Gave All, All Gave Some - None Will Be Forgotten
		The Finns were embittered over having lost more land in the peace than on the battle fields, and over the seemingly little use of the whole world's sympathy.
		As a result of this, and also the superior German communications, the Battle of France was shorter than virtually all prewar Allied thought could have conceived.
		Stalingrad was captured, however the course of the campaign took a turn for the worse due to disparate objectives, and a lack of focus.
	www.northtexasvets.com /WarPages/WorldWarII.html (9759 words)

	World War 2: ww2 - 4
		The result of the series of battles was a permanent loss of contact between Army Groups North and Centre, and the creation of the Courland Pocket in Latvia.
		On June 11, the battle fleet bombarded Saipan, defended by 32,000 Japanese troops; 77,000 Marines landed starting the 15th and the island was secure by July 9.
		The Japanese had prepared a rigorous defense and used the last of their naval forces in a failed attempt to destroy the invasion force in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, October 23 through October 26, 1944, the largest naval battle in history.
	david2002002h.blogspot.com /2006/10/ww2-4.html (6327 words)

	RESISTANCE WARS -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Battles of Shanghai, Jiangyin, Si'an & Nanking Defence
		During the Battle of Shanghai, Chinese communists called on its Shanghai members to stage an uprising; however, Liu Shaoqi, with merely 30-50 members under his helm, failed to strike at the government.
		In the ensuing short distance battle, Guan Linzheng was seriously wounded, regiment commander Wang Lunbo died, and 73rd Brigade commander Du Yuming took over the job of acting division chief.
	www.republicanchina.org /war.html (9917 words)

	First Battle of Changsha (1939) - Chinese-forums.com
		I have decided to do an indepth study of the First Battle of Changsha (2nd SJW) as the thesis for my undergraduate military history degree.
		I want to really uncover the tactical intricacies of the battle and also understand the dynamic leadership that led to this surprising defeat of the Imperial Japanese army.
		Apparently the 73rd fought in all three of the Changsha battles and were basically decimated by the end, and many of the higher-ups are buried there.There are not many documents or photos there, but the provincial library might be a good place to look for them.
	www.chinese-forums.com /showthread.php?t=23249 (801 words)

	EastSouthWestNorth: The Hengyang Massacre
		This may be an example in which the Internet is not yet all encompassing; that is, there are probably still plenty more written texts that have not been digitized for the Internet.
		These cities are strategically located at the intersection of two railroads as well being near two Chinese military airports.
		The first target of the Japanese military was Changsha, which fell on June 18.
	www.zonaeuropa.com /20050406_1.htm (1092 words)

	Phase One Pitstop, Bol d'Or 2006 - DragTimes.com
		It describes the modern history of China, with the founding of the Republic of China by Sun Yat-sen, and leads on to the Japanese invasion.
		The film mentions a Nanking massacre death toll of 40,000 -- far lower than modern estimates; the true death toll was unknown at the time.
		The mass westward migration associated with the moving of the Chinese capital to Chongqing, and the construction of the Burma Road are also covered, and the film concludes with overview of the Chinese victory at the Battle of Changsha.
	www.dragtimes.com /video-viewer.php?v=-BT8WrYUefc (653 words)

	eBooks.com - Encyclopedia of World War II Battles (For Smartphones and Mobile Devices) eBook
		Battles of 1941 Battle of South Henan - Chinese Nationalists led by Li Zongren defeat Japanese.
		Battle of Denmark Strait May 23 - Bismarck sinks HMS Hood Sinking of the Bismarck May 27 - Famous German Battleship is lost.
		Operation Barbarossa June 22 - German invasion of the Soviet Union Armaments PPSh-41 submachine gun T-34 KV DP machine gun Panzer II Battle of Bialystok-Minsk (June 22 - June 29) - German victory in Belarus.
	www.ebooks.com /ebooks/book_display.asp?IID=318531 (697 words)

	TIME.com: -- Dec. 15, 1941 -- Page 2
		In the 1940 campaign Senator Wheeler was elected by an unparalleled majority over a weak Republican candidate, E. Cheadle Jr., who was away serving in the Army at Camp Murray, Wash., and whose campaign, such as it was, was made by his wife.
		One of the six points on which I was jailed by the Japanese police last year was a story on the use of gas by their troops at the first battle of Changsha [1939].
		The Japanese were trapped and, in their haste to retreat, used some gas, but buried most of the cylinders, which the Chinese captured.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,772800-2,00.html (668 words)

	"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Part 3 quiz -- free game
		This quiz is about the period from then up to the end of the Three Kingdoms period.
		Huang Zhong shot at Guan Yu with and arrow in their battle outside Changsha.
		In what battle did Ma Su disobey orders and was he punished by death for it?
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=210222 (269 words)

	Militrade has an online auction for military collectibles, military history, a forum and links to other sites
		Due to time constraint with the ongoing war most of the better quality rifles were usually issued to Chiang Kai-Shek's favourite divisions while the majority of regulars were issued with the hastily made inferior versions.
		If used tactically correct the result would be devastating (as shown at numerous times in the Battle of Changsha, when the NRA used encirclement against superior IJA forces).
		A total of around 500,000-600,000 rifles were produced between 1935 and 1945, and the rifle saw its last war in the hands of People's Volunteer Army troops against the UN forces during the Korean War.
	www.militrade.com /histories_detail.php?id=156 (364 words)

	1944:Changsha Falls : IN OUR PAGES:100, 75 AND 50 YEARS AGO - International Herald Tribune
		CHUNGKING - [From our New York edition:] Changsha, capital of the Hunan province, and for five years a symbol of successful Chinese resistance, has fallen to the Japanese, the Chinese high command announced today [June 21].
		Heavy losses were inflicted on the enemy in the last two weeks of the battle for Changsha, a communique said.
		Thus the Japanese succeeded where three times previously they had been bloodily repulsed, once at the very gates of this communication center, which had a pre-war population of 500,000.
	www.iht.com /articles/1994/06/21/edold_51.php (297 words)

	World War II Database: Your WW2 History Reference Destination (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Sep 1941, more than 120,000 Japanese troops embarked on the second attempt to take the Chinese city of Changsha.
		The first engagement took place in the mountains southeast of Yueyang when a small Chinese guerilla force ran into the Japanese 6th Division.
		The Japanese crossed the Sinchiang River on 17 Sep and the Milo River on 19 Sep. On 27 Sep, Japanese troops in plain clothes infiltrated the north gate of Changsha, but failed to complete their sabotage mission.
	www.ww2db.com /rsslander.php?id=B183 (179 words)

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