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Topic: Battle of Chocim

	Chocim 1621
		In the Battle of Chocim in 1621, an army of 160,000 Turkish veterans, led by Osman II, advanced from Adrianople towards the Polish frontier.
		The Polish commander Jan Karol Chodkiewicz crossed the Dniester in September 1621 and entrenched the Khotyn Fortress, blocking the path of the Ottoman march.
		Battle of Cecora (also known as Battle of Ţuţora) was a battle between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (assisted by Moldavian troops) and Ottoman forces (backed by Tatars), fought from September 17 to October 7, 1620 in Moldavia, near the Prut river.
	www.kismeta.com /diGrasse/Chocim21.htm (1352 words)

	Khotyn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Khotin) is a city in the Chernivtsi Oblast of western Ukraine, and is the administrative center of the Khotynsky Raion (district) within that oblast.
		In the Battle of Khotyn in 1621, an army of 160,000
		The Polish commander Jan Karol Chodkiewicz crossed the Dniester in September 1621 with approximately 35,000 soldiers and entrenched the Khotyn Fortress, blocking the path of the Ottoman march.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Chocim (1070 words)

	[No title]
		In the Battle of Matwy the rebels defeated King’s army.
		In 1673, in the Battle of Chocim, Sobieski annihilated the entire Ottoman Army under the command of Hussein Pasha.
		Battle of Parkany (1683), Jaz³owiec (1684), ¯waniec (1684), Jassy (1686), Suczawa (1691 Battle of Vienna.
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/rsolecki/jan_III_sobieski.html (1445 words)

	Site Development Project: Crimean Khanate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		During the battle the Khan himself was badly injured (by a bowshot wound).
		In the initial stage of the battle the Polish drove back the Ottoman units in the center but unfortunately the right flank tabors was not aware of a gorge and thus the flank had a vulerable gap.
		The battle at Chocim (in September and October 1621) was one marked by positional warfare.
	www.allempires.com /forum/printer_friendly_posts.asp?TID=44 (7602 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: John Sobieski
		His elder brother Mark was his companion in arms from the time of the great Cossack rebellion (1648), and fought at Zbaraz, Beresteczko, and lastly at Batoh where, after being taken prisoner, he was murdered by the Tatars.
		Their retreat was taken for flight by the Turks, who rushed forward in pursuit; the hussars turned upon them with reinforcements and charged again, when their shouts made known that the "Northern Lion" was on the field and the Turks fled, panic-stricken, with Sobieski's horsemen still in pursuit.
		Still the battle raged for a time along all the line; both sides fought bravely, and the king was everywhere commanding, fighting, encouraging his men and urging them forward.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14061c.htm (950 words)

	Growth of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia Mirror
		In 1538, the fleet of Charles V was defeated at the Battle of Preveza by Khair ad Din, securing the eastern Mediterranean for the Turks for 33 years.
		In the 17th century the Ottomans occupied after the battle of Cecora 1620 and the battle of Chocim 1673 against Poland Moldova and Podolia.
		Forced to sign a peace treaty with the Polish after the Battle of Chotin (Chocim) (in fact siege of Chotin by the Polish hetman Jan Chodkiewicz) in September-October, 1621, Osman II returned home to Istanbul in shame, blaming the cowardice of the Janissaries and the insufficiency of his statesmen for his humiliation.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Growth_of_the_Ottoman_Empire (1436 words)

	Poland in the Seventeenth Century
		The ineffectual Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki suffered humiliating defeat at the hands of the Turks, and was forced in 1672 Treaty of Buczacz to cede Podolia to the Ottomans.
		John Sobieski defeated the Turks at Chocim (1673), but was initially unable to follow up his victory.
		The Ottomans invaded Austria and Hungary and laid siege to Vienna in 1683.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/poland.htm (267 words)

	Jan III Sobieski Summary
		During the three-day long battle of Warsaw of that year, Sobieski brilliantly commanded a 2000 men strong regiment of Tatar cavalry, for which he was promoted to the rank of standard-bearer of the Crown.
		The news of the battle spread across the country simultaneously to the news of the recent death of the king Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, who had died only a day before the battle.
		After the battle of Vienna, the newly identified constellation Scutum (Latin for shield) was originally named Scutum Sobiescianum by the astronomer Johannes Hevelius, in honour of Jan III Sobieski.
	www.bookrags.com /Jan_III_Sobieski (2310 words)

	Chocim 1673
		Battle at Chocim in 1621 was probably the largest battle ever set in Europe.
		This wonderful victory of Chocim did not prove to be militarily decisive, nor politically, but did result in handing the throne to John Sobieski.
		In the battle of Chocim the number of hussars was around 2000.
	www.kismeta.com /diGrasse/chocim_1673.htm (4966 words)

	Polish Renaissance Warfare - Army Composition, Battle tacticss
		This was superbly illustrated at the battle of Kircholm in 1605, where Polish forces succeeded in surrounding and routing a three times larger Swedish force.
		A strong reserve was an important component in most battles of this period, used only when the enemy had committed all his forces and then unleashed in a devastating charge.
		Gustav avoided open battle, carefully shielding his army with field obstacles, and the Poles could not counter the Swedish firepower superiority.
	www.jasinski.co.uk /wojna/comp/comp03.htm (736 words)

	swuklink: Searchable Time-Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Battle of Stångebro; the Catholic King Sigismund of Sweden and Poland is defeated in his attempt to resume control of Sweden by the Protestant forces of his uncle, Charles Albert; Sigismund is deposed shortly thereafter
		Battle of Suceava; Prince Sigismund Bathory (1572-1613) of Transylvania is defeated by the Voivode Michael the Brave (d.
		Battle of Jassy; defeat of Sigismund III Vasa (1566-1632, r.
	www.swuklink.com /BAAAGDJA.php?srchstr=Sigismund (1418 words)

	Husaria - polish winged cavalry. - Military Photos
		Other great battle was Battle at Chocim in 1673 when 29000 polish soldiers (number of Husarzs: 1690) slaughteret army of Turkey (30000 soldiers).
		This battle is classified by historians as one of the most decisive battles of the world.
		Here is a list of major battles won by Polish and Lithuanian forces in the 16th and 17th centuries, some won solely by cavalry.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=7779 (3554 words)

	History of Jihad against the Poles. Lithuanians, and Ukrainians (1444 -1699) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In this battle the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad II was challenged by the Polish armies under Ladislaus III of Poland (Władysław III Warneńczyk in Polish) and Hungarian armies under Janos Hunyadi.
		The Battle of Chocim in 1673 which foreshadowed the Battle of Vienna in 1683, was a huge victory, and Sobieski again was the hero.
		The defeat of the Jihadi Ottomans at Vienna in 1683, was primarily a Polish victory.
	www.historyofjihad.org /poland.html (9292 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This page features even more Hawks battles that can't be fit onto the theme pages.
		Battle of the Dunes (Spanish-French Wars, 1658) by Greenwarrior.
		Another glorious seige by [HWK]Claudius presents the most important battle in North America during Seven Years War, The Seige of Quebec.
	thehawks.50megs.com /photo.html (282 words)

	Eastern Europe History - The First Millenium
		In 1673 the Polish army of Hetman Sobieski destroyed a superior Turkish force at Chocim on the Dniestr river.
		Immediately afterwards the Turks invaded the south and were repulsed in the battle of Chocim, in which the Cossacks fought on the Polish side.
		In 1795 Poland ceased to exist as an independent nation in spite of a last ditch heroic battle of armed peasants lead by General Kosciuszko against the Prussian and Russian armies at Raclawice.
	www.biega.com /history18.html (799 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		Osman was the son of Ahmed I. He ascended the throne at the early age of 14 as the result of a coup d'Ã©tat against his uncle Mustafa I. Despite his youth, Osman soon sought to assert himself as a ruler and personally led the Ottoman invasion of Poland during the Moldavian Magnate Wars.
		Badly defeated at the Battle of Chotin (Chocim) (in fact siege of Chotin by the Polish hetman Jan Chodkiewicz in September-October, 1621, Osman returned to Constantinople in shame, blaming the cowardice of the Janissaries for his humiliation.
		Probably the first Sultan to identify and attempt to tackle the Janissaries as a praetorian institution doing more harm than good to the modern empire, Osman closed their coffee shops (the gathering points for conspiracies against the throne) and drafted loyal troops into the capital.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Osman_II_.html (228 words)

	Polish Army During the Napoleonic Wars
		The Battle of Grunwald was the biggest medieval battle in Europe.
		Soon after the battle the Russian fortress of Smolensk surrendered, the tsar was ousted by the boyars and the small Polish army entered Moscow with little opposition.
		The Battle of Vienna in 1683 had the most far-reaching consequences as it was the turning point in the 300-year struggle between the forces of the European kingdoms, and the Ottoman Empire.
	web2.airmail.net /napoleon/polish_army.html (8089 words)

	sahajd
		Chodkiewicz wanted to examine spirit of the Chocim defenders and called a general meeting of the knights, commissars, senators, troop commanders and Cossack elders.
		The Turks did not conquest Chocim and agreed for peace on advantageous for the Republic conditions.
		Debarred his office by his political adversaries, in 1621 he was again chosen a general and Commander-in-Chief he lead 30-thousand Cossack army at the battle of Chocim (1621).
	members.tripod.com /krolpopiel/english/sahajd.htm (367 words)

	Wacław Potocki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They give a vivid picture of ideas and manners among the szlachta (Polish gentry) towards the end of the Golden Age of the Commonwealth, and of many political and religious conflicts.
		He participated in the fight against the Cossack uprisings in 1638, took part in the Battle of Beresteczko in 1651, and in the wars against Sweden (1656–1657).
		Historically accurate, though somewhat idealizing the Polish heroes, it describes the battle of Chocim in 1621 and is based on the diaries of Jakub Sobieski.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Waclaw_Potocki (530 words)

	Osman II to Murad IV 1617-48
		News was brought to the Polish commander the Hetman Chodkiewicz that a huge Ottoman army was on the move, so the Poles and Cossacks fortified themselves inside their camp at Chocim on the Dniester River.
		The battle of St Gotthard indicated the Austrians' growing superiority in land warfare.
		They were not to know it at the time, but this operation meant that the Ottoman Empire had attained the largest dimensions in Europe that it would ever enjoy.
	www.ottomanonline.net /history/8.html (2194 words)

	Great Turkish War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Accordingly the Sejm organized a large army under Jan Sobieski, who won a battle near Chocim in 1673 without however gaining back Kamieniec Podolski.
		The Battle of Vienna finished the Ottoman Empire's hegemony in Eastern Europe.
		The Holy League also battled the Ottoman Empire in the second Battle of Mohács (1687).
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Holy_League_(Great_Turkish_war) (418 words)

	Le¼no
		In 1623 the estate gets briefly into the hands of an eminent Gdañsk burgher family, the Gieses, and then the site came once again at the disposal of the king.
		Among the king's beneficiaries, in 1681 there appears the name of Jan Jerzy Przebendowski, an eminent figure in Polish public life at the turn of the 17th and the 18th centuries, a participant of the Battle of Chocim, and a Royal Treasurer since 1703.
		Thanks to his efforts a splendid palace, surrounded by a small landscape park, was erected in the years 1720 - 1722.
	www.lezno.univ.gda.pl /en/index.cgi?pg=2 (468 words)

	Warsaw Voice
		The exhibition features landscapes, allegorical compositions and elaborate battle scenes as well as a gallery of portraits of Polish rulers of the times: from Henri de Valois, Sigismund III Vasa, Władysław IV, Jan Kazimierz, Jan III Sobieski and Marysieńka to Augustus II.
		The artist's most striking works are battle pieces connected with the great king's rule: The Defense of Trembowla and The Battle of Chocim, and a series documenting in detail the events of the Vienna expedition.
		The first depicts an expedition against a unit of armed Tartars-the battle of Komarno, the second is a glorification of Jan III.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /viewSendFriend.php/8003 (402 words)

	Happy Dogs Clup, The biggest dog resource center,breeds,cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Sobieski's 22-year-reign was marked by a period of the Commonwealth's stabilisation, much needed after the turmoil of the Deluge and Chmielnicki's Uprising.
		After the Battle of ZborÃ³w, the brothers were separated and Marek died in Tatar captivity the following year.
		Jan III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna.
	www.happydogsclup.com /sdmc_Jan_III_Sobieski (1939 words)

	The Eastern Wing of the Balance of Power System
		Already during the truce between 1618 and 1620, he had established close relations with the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg, who since the extinction of the Ansbach line in 1618 were in possession of the Polish fief of East Prussia.
		Such an agreement could at last appease the Polish-Swedish conflict because the death of Gustavus Adolphus in the Battle of Lutzen (1632), in the same year in which his Polish cousin and opponent Sigismund III died after a reign of almost half a century, had greatly changed the situation.
		The result was a compromise with the Cozack leader which raised the number of registered Cozacks to forty thousand and granted them as a group, including their families, full autonomy in the three provinces of the Ukraine where the Union of Brest was to be abolished and all offices reserved for Orthodox.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/13.htm (6076 words)

	Marians of the Immaculate Conception: Founder
		The goal of the community was; beside the spreading of devotion to the Immaculate Mother of God, to assist Poor Souls in Purgatory, particularly those who died in fields of battle and victims of plagues.
		He died in the opinion of sanctity on September 17, 1701, and was buried at the Church of the Lord's Cenacle in Gora Kalwaria.
		He often experienced mystical visions of the Poor Souls in Purgatory after which he would say to his confreres: "Brethren, pray for the Poor Souls in Purgatory for their sufferings are unbearable." Compelled by love, he supported those souls with his prayer and sacrifices.
	www.padrimariani.org /en/heritage/founder.html (3591 words)

	URZĄD GMINY PAKOSŁAW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is built in a shape of a square with a driveway gate.
		On the top of the tower Adam Chinski placed a golden crescent captured from the Turkish in the battle near Chocim in 1620.
		Near the tower there is a neorennaisance palace built between 1848 and 1852 for Maurycy Czarnecki.
	www.pakoslaw.pl /warto_zobaczyc_en.htm (844 words)

	Pan Wolodyjowski (Colonel Wolodyjowski)
		After the battle, one of the Polish soldiers tells the story of losing his wife to a Tartar kidnapping and how he then kidnapped a 3 year old son of Sultan Tuhay Bey.
		1683 (September) -- he was a brilliant military commander and was most famous for the Battle of Vienna, the first large-scale battle of the Habsburg-Ottoman Wars.
		Sobieski was commander in chief of a Polish relief army of 30,000 and a Habsburg army of 40,000 against the Ottoman Empire and its army of 138,000 men (commanded by Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha).
	www.vernonjohns.org /snuffy1186/panwolodyjowski.html (1271 words)

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