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Topic: Battle of Civitate

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	Battle of Civitate - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		At the Battle of Civitate on June 18, 1053 a Norman army defeated the army of Pope Leo IX.
		Aid was refused and Leo returned to Rome in March 1053 with only around 700 Swabian infantry and levied a force of Italians and Lombards from the south, he also arranged an alliance with the Byzantines to recapture Siponto (Manfredonia).
		Leo led his army south and west to Siponto but was intercepted by the Norman force at the bridge over the River Fortore at Civitate in Capitanate, to the northwest of Foggia.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Battle_of_Civitate (384 words)

	List of battles 601-1400
		1053 Battle of Civitate Robert Guiscard's Normans destroy the army of Pope Leo IX.
		1176 Battle of Myriokephalon Seljuk Turks defeat army of Emperor Manuel I Comnenus of the Byzantine Empire in Phrygia
		1340 Battle of Rio Salado[?] Oct. 30 Alphonso XI of Castile defeats Moslems
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_battles_601-1400.html (1261 words)

	Iowa Roots: Patricia Civitate
		Her family came to Iowa from Calabria in Southern Italy to work on the railroad at the turn of the century.
		Civitate is the dedicated director of the Italian Center, which was
		As Patricia Civitate says, “It’s become increasingly necessary to help the general public understand that being Italian is more than pasta, pizza, and The Godfather.” By dispelling such stereotypes, the Cultural Center hopes to broaden the public’s perception of what it means to be Italian.
	www.iowaartscouncil.org /programs/folk-and-traditional-arts/iowa-roots/season-one/patricia-civitate.shtml (223 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla.
		Argyrus contacted the Pope, and when Leo and his army moved from Rome to Apulia to engage the Normans in battle, a Byzantine army led by Argyrus moved from Apulia with the same plan, catching the Normans in a pinch.
		The Normans understood the danger, and collected all available men and formed a single army under the command of the Count of Apulia, Humphrey of Hauteville, the Count Richard of Aversa, and other Hautevilles, among which was Robert, later known under the name of Robert Guiscard.
		Leo moved to Apulia, and reached the Fortore river near the city of Civitate (or Civitella, northwest of Foggia).
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Battle_of_Civitate (1018 words)

	Iowa Roots: George Battle
		Battle cooks his beef about 12 hours and his (pork) ribs and loins about three hours.
		Battle’s operation seems to fall in the mid-range for cooking times.
		For some, Battle notes, barbecue without sauce is just not barbecue, so he offers a range of tomato-based sauces for a variety of Texas-style smoked meats.
	www.iowaartscouncil.org /programs/folk-and-traditional-arts/iowa-roots/season-two/george-battle.shtml (495 words)

	LUST FOR GLORY - The New York Review of Books
		The Battle of Hastings was a clash of Anglo-Saxon, Norman, and Scandinavian civilizations.
		It is generally agreed that at Civitate a Norman army consisting chiefly of about three thousand cavalrymen defeated a larger papal army composed mostly of infantry.
		The most frequently cited primary source on the Battle of Civitate is the Deeds of Robert Guiscard by William of Apulia.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/16864 (723 words)

	Battle of Civitate (1053 AD)
		Anyway none of the two opponents intended to immediately join battle: Leo still hoped for the help of the Byzantines and the Normans did not want to fight against an army much stronger than their own.
		Each time a 1 or 2 is thrown, the Norman player is free to change the deployment of that element by moving it according to its normal movement allowance.
		Pope Leo observed the battle from the walls of Civitate.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/civitate.html (843 words)

	Orvieto Online ® Orvieto Umbria guida turistica informazioni su Hotel e ristoranti di Orvieto , mappa della città di ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The missionaries of the Pro Civitate Christiana have scheduled a conference entitled Pregare i salmi from August 13th to 16th in the conference hall of the Cittadella di Assisi.
		Bruno Baioli of the Pro Civitate Christiana; Porzia QUAGLIARELLA; Sennen Nuziale; family group of the parish of Salzano (VE); Father Guglielmo Spirito of Assisi; Mons.
		Among the many events scheduled for this year's edition of the Corciano Festival, from August 4th to 19th there will be a series of meetings with special guests including the President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, Fausto Bertinotti.
	www.orvietoonline.com /news/cat_index_28.html (1880 words)

	Saint Augustine (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Part of this gradual change of attitude is attributable to his detailed study of scriptural texts (especially the Pauline letters), as well as his immersion in both the daily affairs of his monastic community and the rather focused sorts of controversies that confronted the Church in the fourth and fifth centuries.
		In De Civitate Dei, for example, Augustine suggests that God created only one soul, that of Adam, and subsequent human souls are not merely genealogical offshoots (as in traducianism) of that original soul, but they are actually identical to Adam's soul prior to assuming their own individual, particularized lives [De Civitate Dei, 13.14].
		By the time Augustine completed De Civitate Dei in 427 C.E., he came even more emphatically to insist upon the conclusion to which his discussion in Ad Simplicianum had led him, i.e., that original sin is both universally debilitating and insuperable without the aid of unmerited grace [De Civitate Dei XIV.1].
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/augustine (13096 words)

	Fantasy Games Unlimited (FGU) - Wayne's World of Books - Info & Sources
		Archworld is intended to provide a reasonable and easy-to-understand accounting of the uses of weapons and armor of the period, and the strategy of empire making and the like.
		The gamer who is not interested in the refighting of Archworld battles may simply disregard the fantasy elements and still use these rules to create realistic battle situations for any period up to the late 1600s.
		During a large scale battle, the results of all melees will correspond, on the whole, to the results that one would expect in a tactical level game.
	www.waynesbooks.com /FGURPGs.html (8219 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Blessed Victor III
		After his father's death in battle with the Normans, 1047, he fled from the
		Leo IX and it is probable that the pope employed him at Benevento to negotiate peace with the Normans after the fatal battle of Civitate.
		Somewhat later Desiderius attached himself to the Court of
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15410a.htm (1886 words)

	Pro Ecclesia * Pro Familia * Pro Civitate - browse related sites - Kinja, the weblog guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Pro Ecclesia * Pro Familia * Pro Civitate
		On Monday, July 23, the French designer François Girbaud hosted a party celebrating his new line of denim clothing, called Le Jean, in the Marithé and François Girbaud Showroom, which occupies the 9th floor of a building on 10th Avenue and 36th Street.
		Sign up for My Kinja and make a page like this.
	www.kinja.com /kindigest.knj?url=proecclesia.blogspot.com (1058 words)

	THE CRUSADES TO THE HOLY LAND
		It was only their defeat by Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours in 732 that stopped the Western European advance of Mohammedan forces.
		A new wave of Moslem aggression by the Seljuk Turks led to Christian persecution in the Holy Land and the invasion of the Byzantine Empire.
		The defeat of the Byzantines at the decisive Battle of Manzikert in 1071 gave the Seljuk Turks possession of Asia Minor.
	www.jesuschristsavior.net /Crusades.html (5695 words)

	Sword in Hand
		Each chapter covers a specific phase in the evolution of the knightly sword, and the majority of them offer a rousing narrative of a duel, joust, or battle in which knightly swords were used.
		(For instance, while reading about swords from the Viking age to the high Middle Ages, readers will become embroiled in the epic battles of Civitate and Benevento, and joust in the tournament at Runnymeade.)
		Those already familiar with Oakeshott's work will welcome the accessibility of these articles, newly rewrked into a unified whole; and those who are not yet acquainted with this great scholar will be delighted with their new discovery.
	www.renaissancemagazine.com /books/sword2.html (214 words)

	Tertullian : Praedestinatus
		Dicunt enim duas ecclesias, Quintillae et Priscillae, in eadem civitate Pepuza.
		The text is that of Migne, although I did not notice at a quick glance any notable differences in Gori.
		The usurper Magnus Maximus was from Britain, declared himself in 383 and conquered Gaul and Spain, but was defeated and killed in 388AD at the battle of Aqueila.
	www.tertullian.org /tertullianistae/praedestinatus.htm (2389 words)

	Template
		Though Systematic Theology had its beginning in the Eastern Church, its development has been confined almost wholly to the Western.
		Augustine (353-430) wrote his Encheiridion ad Laurentium and his De Civitate Dei, and John Scotus Erigena (?-850), Roscelin (1092-1122), and Abelard (1079-1142), in their attempts at the rational explanation of the Christian doctrine foreshadowed the works of the great scholastic teachers.
		Anselm of Canterbury (1034-1109), with his Proslogion de Dei Existentia and his Cur Deus Homo, has sometimes, but wrongly, been called the founder of Scholasticism.
	www.christianbeliefs.org /articles/systematictheology.html (3120 words)

	Monarchy and Nobility: Divine Rights & Responsibilities
		Augustine (354-430), who lived much earlier than Bishop Bossuet, wrote in his book, De civitate Dei, that monarchs have been placed on their thrones for God’s purpose, that is, for the benefit and good of man. (
		The Tathagata continued: "Now when you go to battle is it not sure that many of your men will be slain and that you yourselves, O kings, are liable to lose your lives?"
		And they said: "It is sure that many will be slain and our own lives be jeopardized."
	www.nobility-royalty.com /id54.htm (5409 words)

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