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Topic: Battle of Cortenuova

	Battle of Cortenuova - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Battle of Cortenuova was fought on 27th November 1237 when Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II defeated the Lombard League.
		The sources refer to 7000 - 10,000 Saracen archers, which intervened at the end of the battle - "emptying their quiver", as quoted by Pier delle Vigne - and probably saved the army from a repeat of the defeat at Legnano.
		These included the taking of Vicenza, the failure of the siege of Brescia and the battle of Cortenuova which established the reputation of the Emperor as a skillful strategist.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Battle_of_Cortenuova (226 words)

	Chronology of the Middle Ages in Europe
		On May 29, the army of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa was defeated in the Battle at Legnano by the army of the League of Lombardy, the alliance of Northern Italian towns led by Milan.
		In the Battle of Cortenuova, Emperor Frederick II defeated the army of League of Lombardy.
		The Polish army was massacred in the Battle of Legnica (Liegnitz) in Silesia.
	www.studybuddy.nl /english/contenteur1.html (6477 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		However, until the debacle at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214 Frederick's authority was quite tenuous, and he was only recognized in southern Germany, as Otto IV had largely held on to the reins of royal and imperial power until then despite the excommunication, especially in northern Germany, the center of Guelph power.
		As a result of the decisive military loss at Bouvines Otto had lost the practical means to hold on to kingship and emperorship (and he withdrew to the Guelph hereditary lands to die, virtually supporterless, in 1218).
		Manfred died February 26, 1266 in battle near Benevento against Charles of Anjou, brother to the French King, who had been entrusted with the Kingdom of Sicily by the Pope.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (3205 words)

	Lombard League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the battle of Legnano on May 29, 1176, Frederick I was defeated and agreed to a six-year truce from 1177 to 1183, until the Treaty of Constance, where the Italian city-states agreed to remain loyal to the Empire but retained local jurisdiction over their territories.
		In 1226, the League regained its former prestige by countering the efforts of Frederick II to gain greater power in Italy.
		These efforts included the taking of Vicenza and the Battle of Cortenuova which established the reputation of the Emperor as a skillful strategist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Lombard_League (318 words)

	Battle of Cortenuova -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Battle of Cortenuova -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The Battle of Cortenuova was fought on 27th November 1237 when (Sovereign of the Holy Roman Empire) Holy Roman Emperor (The Holy Roman Emperor who led the Sixth Crusade and crowned himself king of Jerusalem (1194-1250)) Frederick II defeated the (Click link for more info and facts about Lombard League) Lombard League.
		These included the taking of (Click link for more info and facts about Vicenza) Vicenza, the failure of the siege of (An ancient Italian city in central Lombardy) Brescia and the battle of Cortenuova which established the reputation of the Emperor as a skillful strategist.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/battle_of_cortenuova.htm (265 words)

	The Prince of Peace 12: The Rebels, the Emperor, and the Heretic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Henry had spent much of the year maneuvering with the Lombard armies, careful to avoid battle, and reestablishing contact with his brother and his viceroys in Sicily and Jerusalem.
		The battle was fierce, but it was almost over.
		November 14th would be known in Italian History as the Day of Disaster, and Italians, centuries later, would say, "At least it's not Cortenuova." Assisi, Italy, 1207 Francis was a troubled man. He had lived, on the whole, a good life [36].
	www.seriousliving.net /new-3249453-477.html (1221 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Cortenuova (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Lombard League was an alliance formed on December 1, 1167 between 26 (later 30) cities of North Italy, including Cremona, Mantua, Bergamo, Brescia, Milan, Bologna, Padua, Treviso, Vicenza, Verona, Lodi, and Parma.
		Gregory IX, né Ugolino di Conti (1143–August 22, 1241), pope from 1227 to 1241, the successor of Honorius III, fully inherited the traditions of Gregory VII and of his uncle Innocent III, and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy.
		Categories: Battles of the Holy Roman Empire
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Cortenuova (639 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This renewed the bitter fight between Frederick and Gregory IX (and the latter's successor, Pope Innocent IV).
		Manfred, initially as regent for Conrad's young son Conradin, and, after 1258 as King of Sicily, continued—after initial attempts at reconciliation—Frederick's conflict with the Pope and was also placed under papal interdict.
		In 1284 Frederick's ghost resurfaced in the form of a very convincing false Frederick, the impostor Tile Kolup, who impersonated the emperor with such expert knowledge and an amazing similarity that many of those who had known the true Frederick fell for him.
	www.fburg.com /search/encyclopedia/Frederick_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor (3814 words)

	Frederick II
		The emperor's successes, especially his victory over the Lombards at the battle of Cortenuova (1237), only embittered the opposition between Church and State.
		For some time fortune alternately smiled and frowned on Frederick in Italy, buit, after completing all his preparations for a decisive battle, he died at Florentina in Apulia, and was buried at Palermo.
		In German legend he continued to live as the emperor fated to return and reform both Church and State.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/f/frederick_ii.html (2240 words)

	Encyclopedia: 1237 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The League was formed to counter the Holy Roman Empires Frederick I, who was attempting to...
		Lombard League at The Battle of Cortenuova was fought on 27th November 1237 when Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II defeated the Lombard League.
		The sources refer to 7000 _ 10,000 Saracen archers, which intervened at the end of the battle - emptying their quiver, as quoted by Pier delle Vigne - and probably saved...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/1237 (1442 words)

	Crusades timeline
		Battle of Bouvines: Philip II August of France defeats Otto IV and the English; Frederick accepted as King of Germany
		Statutum in favorem principum: the secular princes of Germany get the same rights as the ecclesiastical princes: another loss of royal authority in Germany; Henry VII wants to restore royal authority, rebels against the Emperor and confederates with the Lombard towns; he is forced to acquiesce.
		Battle of Cortenuova: victory of the Emperor over the Lombard towns, but no peace
	www.gzg.fn.bw.schule.de /staufer/stauf_e.htm (847 words)

	November Military History
		Battle of Rogersville, TN Battle of Cane Hill, AK Battle of Droop Mountain, WV (Averell's Raid)
		Battle of Cortenuova: Emperor Frederik II defeats the Lombard League
		Battle of Payne's Farm, VA Battle of the Washita: Custer defeats the Cheyenne
	www.strategypage.com /military_history_nov.asp (4808 words)

	ORB -- The Teutonic Knights
		Battle of Hattin lost by crusaders; Hospitallers, Templars, and the "flower of the nobility" devastated
		Battle of Liegnitz; Mongols defeat army of Poles and Germans including Hospitallers, Templars, and Teutonic Knights
		Teutonic Knight commander in the Morea died in battle against the Greeks near the fortress of St. George
	www.the-orb.net /encyclop/religion/monastic/opsahl2.html (1993 words)

	Lombard League (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The League had thesupport of Pope Alexander III, who also wished to see Imperialpower in Italy decline.
		At the battle of Legano on May 29, 1176, Frederick Iwas defeated.
		The Lombard League was renewed in 1198 and 1208.In 1226, the League regained it's former prestige by countering the efforts of Frederick II to gain greater power in Italy.
	www.therfcc.org /lombard-league-170519.html (283 words)

	Today in History - November 27 - www.ezboard.com
		There was even a white flag flying from one of the main dwellings, indicating that the tribe was actively avoiding conflict.
		Outnumbered and caught unaware, scores of Cheyenne were killed in the first 15 minutes of the "battle," though a small number of the warriors managed to escape to the trees and return fire.
		Hailed as the first substantial American victory in the Indian wars, the Battle of the Washita helped to restore Custer's reputation and succeeded in persuading many Cheyenne to move to the reservation.
	pub131.ezboard.com /fjpspanzersfrm41.showMessage?topicID=199.topic (2056 words)

	User:Thue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Coin magic - give newbie a chance to write
		Battle of Cortenuova - needs a like work, give author a chance first.
		Simon Carmiggelt - copyvio, give registered used a chance to respond first
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /User:Thue (432 words)

	ORB -- The Teutonic Knights
		July 4, 1187 - Battle of Hattin lost by crusaders; Hospitallers, Templars, and the "flower of the nobility" devastated
		30, 1221 - Battle of Mansurah; crusaders surrendered in Egypt (Templars led the rearguard action); peace treaty; Hermann von Salza and the master of the Temple held as hostages by the Muslims
		Jul., 1237 - Geoffrey II of Achaia gave the Teutonic Knights a hospital in Andravida
	www.the-orb.net /encyclop/religion/monastic/opsahl2a.html (2382 words)

	1200s History of the World
		Aug. 30, Battle of Mansurah; crusaders surrender in Egypt (Templars lead the rearguard action); peace treaty; Hermann von Salza and the master of the Temple held as hostages by the Muslims
		Kublai Khan's uncle Nayan, with 400,000 horsemen, meets Kublai Khan, with 260,000 cavalry and 100,000 infantry, in battle.
		Marco Polo, fighting for Venice, is captured by Genoa and imprisoned for two years, where he dictates his Travels to his cell mate.
	webpages.charter.net /astroweaver/history/1200s.html (2029 words)

	Ask Questions - Get Answers [ Public Answers' Archive ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		At the beginning of the thirteenth century, King Pedro II of Aragon personally led his troops to the assistance of Raymond VI of Toulouse against the Catholic Crusaders, and fell at the battle of Muret in 1213.
		The emperor's successes, especially his victory over the Lombards at the battle of Cortenuova (1237), only embittered the opposition between Church and State.
		Succeeding his father as king in 936, Otto defeated the Magyars in 955 at the Battle of Lechfeld near Augsburg, halting their advance in central Europe.
	www.answerway.com /expertans.php?category=485&expertname=curious98&catnam=Medieval+History (19457 words)

	the magazine
		Having said that, some of the Italian adds for models are absolutely mouthwatering.
		The articles include a DBM scenario on the Battle of Cortenuova, Gettysburg refought using Fire and Fury, and Trebia 1799 fought with Shako
		All in all an excellent mag, and priced at 6.20 Euros compares favourably with its UK counterparts.
	www.dadiepiombo.com /magazine.html (349 words)

	Teutonic Knights: Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Aug. 30, 1221 - Battle of Mansurah; crusaders surrendered in Egypt (Templars led the rearguard action); peace treaty; Hermann von Salza and the master of the Temple held as hostages by the Muslims
		Apr. 9, 1241 Battle of Liegnitz; Mongols defeat army of Poles and Germans including Hospitallers, Templars, and Teutonic Knights
		Sep. 9, 1320 - Teutonic Knight commander in the Morea died in battle against the Greeks near the fortress of St. George
	www.crystalinks.com /teutonicknights2.html (2388 words)

	November 27 Events in History
		November 27, 1382 Battle of Westrozebeke (French army beats Flemings-1,000s die)
		November 27, 1382 Philip Van Artevelde, Flemish commander-in-chief, dies in battle at 42
		November 27, 1237 Battle of Cortenuova: Emperor Frederik II vs Lombardische steden
	www.oldevents.com /days/november_27/18.html (104 words)

	1230 to 1239 World History - Din Timelines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A murder was solved when field men were told to lay down their rice sickles and flies landed on only one.
		x - The king of Mali, Sundiata, defeated Sumanguru at the battle of Kirina.
		at Battle of Cortenuova 1237 Teutonic Knights and Swordbrothers unite
	www.din-timelines.com /1230-1239_timeline.shtml (581 words)

	What Happened All Those Years Ago - November (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		1237 - At the Battle of Cortenuova: Emperor Frederik II fought with Lombardische steden.
		1382 - Battle of Westrozebeke: The French nobility, led by Olivier de Clisson, crushed the Flemish rebels at Flanders.
		Of the several hymns she penned, Have Thine Own Way, Lord is still popular today.
	www.andibradley.com /whatya/nov27.htm (4904 words)

	HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After crushing the rebellion of his son Henry in the North, and seeing his second son Conrad crowned, the emperor hastened south to subdue Lombardy.
		242 "Italy," he wrote in answer to the pope’s protests, 1236, "Italy is my heritage, as all the world well knows." His arms seemed to be completely successful by the battle of Cortenuova, 1237.
		Completely under the dominance of the king, Coelestin took up his residence in Naples.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/history/5_ch06.htm (9204 words)

	November 27 - Today in History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		1237 - Battle of Cortenuova: Emperor Frederik II vs Lombardische steden
		1382 - Battle of Westrozebeke (French army beats Flemings-1,000s die)
		1868 - Battle at Washita-Gen Custer defeats Cheyennes
	www.magic-city-news.com /printer_624.shtml (1264 words)

	November 27 Events in History
		November 27, 1868 Battle at Washita-Gen Custer defeats Cheyennes
		November 27, 1863 Battle at Fort Esperanza Texas
		November 27, 1863 Battle of Payne's Farm, VA November 27, 1843 Opera "Bohemian Girl" is produced (London)
	www.brainyhistory.com /days/november_27.html (1609 words)

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