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Topic: Battle of Cumae

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	Cumae - LoveToKnow 1911
		In the 7th century, according to the legends, Parthenope, whither the demos of Cumae had taken refuge after an unsuccessful rising against the aristocracy, was attacked by the latter and destroyed, but soon rebuilt under the name of Neapolis (New City, the present Naples).
		In 524 B.C. it was the object of a joint attack by the Etruscans of Capua, the Daunians of the district of Nola, and the Aurunci of the Mons Massicus.
		On the E. side of Cumae are considerable remains of the Roman period, among them those of the temple of Demeter, as restored by the family of the Lucceii.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Cumae (1264 words)

	Cumae - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Cumae (Cuma, in Italian) is an ancient Greek settlement lying to the northwest of Naples in the Italian region of Campania.
		Cumae was the first Greek colony on the mainland of Italy (Magna Graecia), there having been earlier starts on the islands of Ischia and Sicily by colonists from the Euboean cities of Chalcis (Χαλκίς) and possibly Eretria (Ερέτρια) or Cuma (Kύμη).
		Cumae was also a place where a widely influential early Christian work The Shepherd of Hermas was said to have been inspired by way of visions.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Cumae (447 words)

	Cumae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Cumae's population was expanded in 528 B.C. when some of the citizens of Samos rebelled against the tyrannical rule of Polycrates and emigrated to Pozzuoli.
		In 524 B.C. the Etruscans of Capua, the Daunians of the the Nola district, and the Aurunci of the Mons Massicus joinly attacked Cumae.
		Cumae won a decisive victory in the hilly district outside the town under the brilliant leadership of Aristodemus.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /AncGreece/cumae.htm (655 words)

	List of battles 1400 BC-AD 600
		Battle of Himera The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of Syracuse.
		Battle of Sellasia Defeat of Cleomenes III of Sparta by Antigonus Doson of Macedon and the Achaean League
		Battle of Herdonia Hannibal destroys the Roman army of the praetor Gnaeus Fulvius.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_battles_1400_bc_ad_600.html (4725 words)

	List of battles 1400 BC-600 AD
		Battle of Asculum (89 BC)[?] The Roman army of C. Pompeius Strabo decisively defeats the rebels in the Social War.
		357 Battle of Strasbourg (357)[?] Julian expels the Alamanni from the Rhineland
		447 Battle of the Utus[?] Attila the Hun is defeated by the East Romans in an indecisive battle
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_battles_1400_BC-600_AD.html (4447 words)

	Ancient Greek Battles
		507 BC Battle of the fourth Spartan invasion
		362 BC Battle of Mantinea (2 of 3)
		207 BC Battle of Mantinea (3 of 3)
	www.ancientgreekbattles.net /battles.htm (94 words)

	Cumae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Cumae lies to the north-west of Naples in the Italian region of Campania.
		The Etruscans were defeated by the combined fleets of Cumae and Syracuse at the Battle of Cumae in 474 BC.
		Cumae and the Phlegraean Fields: Ancient Campania: Vol.
	www.wapipedia.org /wikipedia/topic.aspx?cur_title=Cumae (206 words)

	Wikinfo \| List of battles (alphabetical) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Battle of Covadonga - 722 - Moslem Conquest of Spain
		Battle of Guadalete - 711 - Moslem Conquest of Spain
		Battle of Mohacs - 1526 - Turkish Conquest of Hungary
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=List_of_battles_(alphabetical) (3619 words)

	Cumae
		The settlement is believed to have been founded in the 8th century BC (around 740 BC) by Greeks from the city of Cuma and Chalkis in Euboea upon the earlier dwellings of indigenous, Iron-Age peoples who they supplanted.
		Entrance of the Sibyl grotto of Cumae [Source] Steering to Cumae, where the Sibyl dwells, Aeneas seeks her cave, whose entrance is barred by bronzen gates, on which is represented the story of Daedalus,--the first bird man,--who, escaping from the Labyrinth at Crete, gratefully laid his wings on this altar.
		We are further informed that the Sibyl generally wrote her oracles on separate oak leaves, which were set in due order in her cave, but which the wind, as soon as the doors opened, scattered or jumbled together, so that most of her predictions proved unintelligible to those who visited her shrine.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Cities/Cumae.html (644 words)

	Chronological History of Greece in the Vth and IVth centuries B. C.
		Hieron, tyrant of Syracuse, defeats the Etruscans at the battle of Cumæ, a Greek settlement in the Naples area.
		Battle of Delium, a city in eastern Boeocia, where Athens is defeated by the Thebans in a failed attempt, led by two Athenian generals, Hippocrates and Demosthenes, to promote and support uprisings of Boeotian cities with the help of local democrats intent on shaking the dominion of Thebes.
		Following the battle of Amphipolis, negociations between the Athenian general Nicias and Pleistoanax, the Spartan king, lead to a treaty known as the Peace of Nicias, supposed to put an end to a war that had already lasted ten years.
	plato-dialogues.org /tools/chrono.htm (7566 words)

	Cumae
		The settlement is believed to have been founded in the 8th century BCE by Greeks from the city of Cuma and Chalkis in Euboea upon the earlier dwellings of indigenous, Iron-Age peoples whom they supplanted.
		There is also a small, modern Greek Euboean city called Kyme (Kύμη) as well as an excavated ancient Greek city of Cuma, the source point for the Cumae alphabet.
		The combined fleets of Cumae and Syracuse defeated the Etruscans at the Battle of Cumae in 474 BCE.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/cu/Cumae.htm (415 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 861 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It was accepted by Valerius after obtaining the consent of the consul, and as he was commencing the combat, a raven settled upon his helmet, and, as often as he attacked the Gaul, the raven flew at the face of the foe, till at length the barbarian fell by the sword of Valerius.
		The consul presented Valerius with ten oxen and a golden crown, and the grateful people elected him, in his absence, consul for the next year, though he was only twenty-three years of age.
		He carried on war againnt the Volsci, defeated them in battle, and then took Satricum, which he burnt to the ground with the exception of the temple of Mater Matuta.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0870.html (947 words)

	478-477. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Hieron of Syracuse, in alliance with Aristodemus, the tyrant of Cumae in southern Italy, defeated the Etruscans in the naval Battle of Cumae (474).
		Under pressure from Sparta, Athens condemned Themistocles to death in absentia and sent officers to arrest him.
		Cimon defeated the Persians in a great naval victory at the Battle of the Eurymedon River on the south coast of Asia Minor.
	www.bartleby.com /67/190.html (634 words)

	Battle of Mons Lactarius at AllExperts
		The Battle of Mons Lactarius (also known as Battle of the Vesuvius) took place in 553 during the Gothic War waged on behalf of Justinian I against the Ostrogoths in Italy.
		After the Battle of Taginae, in which the Ostrogoth king Totila was killed, the Byzantine general Narses captured Rome and besieged Cumae.
		The absence of any real authority in Italy immediately after the battle led to an invasion by the Franks, but they too were defeated and the peninsula was, for a short time, reintegrated into the empire.
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/ba/battle_of_mons_lactarius.htm (271 words)

	History of Art:Italic Art
		By the end of the fifth century bc, the use of both painted terracotta decorations for the eaves of buildings and terracotta votives was widespread in southern Italy.
		The influence of the Greek colony at Cumae extended from Capua to Teanum, Minturnae, and Satricum, and as far as Rome and Caere.
		The maritime supremacy gained by Syracuse after the Greeks won the battle of Cumae (474bc) interrupted the import of Greek goods into the ports of Etruria.
	www.all-art.org /history80.html (3154 words)

	Cumae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The settlement is believed to have been founded in the 8th century BCE by Greeks from the city of Cuma and Chalkis in Euboea upon the earlier dwellings of indigenous, Iron-Age peoples who they supplanted.
		The combined fleets of Cumae and Syracuse defeated the Etruscans at the Battle of Cumae in 474 BCE.
		Tarquin II, the last King of Rome, lived his life in exile at Cumae after the establishment of the Roman Republic.
	cumae.iqnaut.net (412 words)

	Ethics of Roman Expansion to 133 BC by Sanderson Beck
		As the Roman farmers moved into the city, the senate sent to the Greek colony of Cumae and the Volscians to purchase grain; the salt monopoly was taken over by the state; and the commons were exempted from tolls and taxes.
		In the battle at Sentinum 25,000 of Rome's enemies were killed while 8,000 were taken prisoner; the Romans had 8700 casualties, and their consul Decius Mus was killed.
		This was followed by a battle against the Etruscans in which 4500 Perusini were killed and another battle in which 16,300 Samnites were killed and 2700 captured, while the Roman army lost 2700 men.
	www.san.beck.org /EC24-RomanExpansion.html (15529 words)

	Paeninsula Italica - Radices Imperii - SCC Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The "rorarii" were light infantrymen and Livy's account of the battle of Vesuvius seems to suggest that they were used like a fast and mobile reserve to reinforce the battle line.
		About the "accensi" fighting role there's Livy's account of the battle of Suessa, where they succesfully impersonating the "triarii"; it implies that they carried spears and the same "scutum" shield of the "triarii".
		In 474 they suffered another crushing defeat at the hands of the Greeks in a sea battle off Cumae, and as a result the towns of Campania were completely isolated.
	www.stratcommandcenter.com /forums/index.php?act=findpost&pid=157660 (6477 words)

	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference
		Around 540 BC, the Battle of Alalia led to a new distribution of power in the western Mediterranean sea.
		Though the battle had no clear winner, Carthage managed to expand its sphere of influence at the expense of both the Etruscans and the Greeks, and Etruria saw itself relegated to the northern Tyrrhenian Sea.
		In 480, Etruria's ally Carthage was defeated by a coalition of Magna Graecia cities led by Syracuse.
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=Etruscans (4225 words)

	The sea battle of Cumae
		AncientWorlds > Rome > The Palatine > Etruria > The sea battle of Cumae
		Pugna navalis apud mare Sardus (The naval battle of Sardinia Sea)
		Cuma a sua volta chiede aiuto a Siracusa per difendersi dalla prevista aggressione etrusca.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/98230 (907 words)

	Guina's History: Ancient Rome
		474 BC: Syracuse, a Greek colony, allied with Rome and defeated the Etruscans in the naval battle of Cumae.
		241 BC: the Romans defeated Carthage in the naval battle of Aegates; Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica were surrendered to the Romans.
		312: at the battle of Milvian Bridge, Constantine dreamed that Christ appeared to him and told him to inscribe the first two letters of his name (XP in Greek) on the shields of his troops; after doing this, he defeated Maxentius, his rival.
	www.angelfire.com /extreme/guinashistory/outlines/ancientrome.html (3016 words)

	Battle of Cumae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Battle of Cumae was a naval Battle in 474 BC between the combined navies of Syracuse and Cumae and the Etruscans.
		The Etruscans would later join the failed Athenian expedition against Syracuse in 415 BC, which contributed even further to their decline.
		Cumae Category:474 BC de:Schlacht von Cumae pl:Bitwa morska pod Kyme
	battle-of-cumae.area51.ipupdater.com (139 words)

	Ancient Greek Battles of Plataea and Mycale
		The battle is fought beside the Temple of Ceres.
		The battle is considered indecisive by many and I don't agree.
		Herodotus makes it clear that an inquiry established that the battles were on the same day of the same month.
	www.geocities.com /caesarkevin/battles/Greekbattles2.html (4446 words)

	Cumae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eusebius placed Cumae's Greek foundation at 1050 BC.
		Its name comes from the Greek word kymé, meaning wave - perhaps in reference to the big waves that the peninsula of Κyme in Euboea has.
		Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last legendary King of Rome, lived his life in exile at Cumae after the establishment of the Roman Republic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cumae (433 words)

	Aeneas at Cumae
		If this argument succeeds, the splendour of the Apolline temple at Cumae as described by Virgil is praise of Augustus and a commemoration of his campaign against Sextus Pompeius, and the bronze doors of the temple in the Aeneid depict the story of Daedalus because they did so in reality.
		A quarter of the 235 lines which precede the descent to the Underworld is devoted to the drowning and funeral of Misenus (149-182 and 212-235).
		Misenus was drowned at Cape Misenus between Cumae and Portus Iulius, but there was another who died in that area, Halfway between Portus Iulius and Cape Misenus is the port of Baiae, and Marcellus, nephew and possible heir of Augustus, died there in his twentieth year in 23 BC.
	www.angelfire.com /art/archictecture/articles/cumae.htm (1553 words)

	MANN: Coin ( (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The oldest coins issued by Neapolis show, in their iconography, the role played by Cumae and Syracuse in the foundation of the "new city".
		In return for the miltary forces which ensured the defeat of the Etruscans in the naval battle off Cumae in 474 B.C., the city of Syracuse had obtained from the Cumans the island of Pithekùsa (Ischia) and hence control over all shipping in the Bay of Naples.
		The coinage minted in Neapolis dominated the currency throughout the area of central and southern Thyrrhenia from the end of the 4th century BC until the spread of Roman coinage.
	www.archeona.arti.beniculturali.it /sanc_en/mann/it11/14.html (279 words)

	Timeline 499 to 1BCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Greeks led by Miltiades defeated the Persians at the Battle of Marathon.
		53BC The Persians defeated the Romans in the Battle of Carrhae.
		The rivals battled for control of the Roman Empire in the naval battle of Actium, where Cleopatra, seeing Antony's navy being outmaneuvered by Octavian's, ordered her 60 ships to turn about and flee to safety.
	www.bonus.com /contour/timelines_history/http@@/timelines.ws/0D499_1BC.HTML (14177 words)

	africanfront.com (AUF) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		1410 BCE Joshua at the battle of Jericho.
		Ramesses III fights them in a land battle in Canaan and a sea battle in a delta mouth.
		31 BC Octavian is victorious at the battle of Actium.
	www.africanfront.com /calendar.php (7778 words)

	Indo-European Chronology: the 4th period
		In the late 6th century BC Etruscan rule in Italy was weakened by the coup d'etat in Rome in 510, where Latins exiled an Etruscan dynasty.
		But the last defeat of the Etruscan power in Italy was the naval battle at Cumae in 475 BC, where the Syracusan fleet destroyed the Etruscan one.
		In August 490 the first battle happened between Persians and Greeks in Marathon, and the invaders were defeated.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /project/chron/chron3.html (7772 words)

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