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Topic: Battle of Cynoscephalae

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	Battle of Cynoscephalae - TheBestLinks.com - Alexander the Great, Antigonid dynasty, Crete, Cavalry, ...
		Battle of Cynoscephalae, Alexander the Great, Antigonid dynasty, Crete, Cavalry...
		The Battle of Cynoscephalae was fought in Thessaly in 197 BC between the Roman army, led by Titus Quinctius Flamininus, and the Antigonid dynasty of Macedon, led by Philip V.
		Along with the earlier Battle of Pydna, this defeat also showed that the Macedonian phalanx, formerly the most effective fighting unit in the ancient world, was now obsolete.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Battle_of_Cynoscephalae.html (695 words)

	Battle Encyclopedia Article @ Hostilities.org (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Battles may be small scale, only involving a handful of individuals, perhaps two squads, up to battles on army levels where hundreds of thousands may be engaged in a single battle at one time.
		A "battle of annihilation" is one in which the defeated party is destroyed in the field, such as the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile.
		A "decisive battle" is one of particular importance; often by bringing hostilities to an end, such as the Battle of Hastings, or as a turning point in the fortunes of the belligerents, such as the Battle of Stalingrad.
	www.hostilities.org /encyclopedia/Battle (3007 words)

	Cynoscephalae - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Cynoscephalae, scene of two major battles in ancient times.
		Cynoscephalae is located in Thessaly (Thessalia) in northeastern Greece.
		During the 50 years after Hannibal’s defeat in the Second Punic War, Rome’s involvement in the eastern Mediterranean grew substantially.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Cynoscephalae.html (64 words)

	Battles: The Battle of Cynoscephalae :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		The Battle of Cynoscephalae is often seen as the classic battle between the best of the pre-Marian legions, the three line manipular legion, and the Macedonian phalanx of Philip II and Alexander the Great.
		After Cynoscephalae the mantle of Imperial power could be said to have passed out of the hands of the Diadochi (successors of Alexander) into the hands of Rome.
		The battle of Cynoscephalae began in a dense fog.
	wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=6302 (1151 words)

	Chronology of Greek History After the Peloponnesian War
		(Wmter) Dionysius I was defeated by Carthage at the battle of Cronium.
		331/330 -- Alexander I of Epirus was defeated at the battle of Pandosia.
		Ptolemy V was defeated at the battle of Panion.
	www.1stmuse.com /frames/greek-chronology.html (2315 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 162 (v. 2) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A fierce battle had been fought, in which Lucius and his Romans were beaten.
		Just before the battle of Cynoscephalae, Lucius, who was informed of-the intention of the Acarnariians to join the Romans, sailed to Leucas, the chief place of the Acarnanians, and began to blockade it for the purpose of trying their intention.
		The inhabitants were resolved to defend themselves to the last, and a great massacre took place; but when the news of the battle of Cynoscephalae arrived, all the tribes of Acarnania submitted to the Romans.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/1270.html (1029 words)

	MilitaryHistoryOnline.com - History Channel's Decisive Battles
		Instead of recounting these ancient battles though drawings, paintings and reenactments using actors, they spring to life in this new computer animation that allows viewers a gods-eye view of the battlefield with its massive numbers of troops, their formations, and the weapons and strategies each side employed.
		Today, this battle is best known for the story of the runner Pheidippides, who, according to legend, ran roughly twenty miles to Athens with the news of victory and so inspired the Olympic event.
		Cynoscephalae : This battle of 197 BC not only removed Rome’s last rival for power in the Mediterranean, it changed the nature of ancient warfare.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /promos/DecisiveBattles.aspx (1449 words)

	Thracian Battles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In so doing they sacrificed their control of the capital of the Thessalian League, Larissa, which was on the south bank, and they left their allies in the central plain exposed to raids by the Macedonian cavalry.
		At first a few of these, enraged by the killing of their fellow countryman in front of their eyes, crossed the river in pursuit of the killers; then more followed, and finally the whole force, and fought with the Roman guards on the bank.
		In this battle, the Thracians fought on the right wing of the army, which is unusual.
	www.thrace.0catch.com /battles_main.htm (4616 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The battle was the result of heavy skirmishing and both sides quickly rushed reinforcements to the scene.
		Background: This battle is thought to be the classic battle of phalanx versus legion and was the first battle to show the eventual ascendancy of the Roman style of war over the Macedonian style.
		For the most part once a battle starts the general has very little control over the whole battlefield and has much to do just worrying about the small part of the field where he is. This is exceptionally true of the Macedonians and less true for the more flexible Romans.
	www.cs.uidaho.edu /~cort1333/game/rules.doc (5421 words)

	The Glory That Was Rome: Great Battles and Campaigns (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The battle of Cannea was a particularly severe defeat for the Romans during this part of the Second Punic war.
		Some of the 80 Carthaginian war elephants which opened the battle with a frontal charge were turned back in panic by the pandemonium of shouts and trumpet blasts which the Romans raised.
		The battle of Cynoscephalae was a turning point in military history, the Macedonian phalanx which had been invincible in combat for 200 years was finally defeated.
	infohistory.com /rome3.shtml (2256 words)

	The Gamers Temple - Rome Total War and Decisive Battles
		It's like getting play by play coverage of the battle as it progresses and gives you the opportunity to learn how these ancient armies and their units were put to use by the men who commanded them.
		Carrhae: This battle of 53 BC was Rome’s worst defeat since Cannae and brought eastward expansion to a halt.
		Cynoscephalae: This battle of 197 BC not only removed Rome’s last rival for power in the Mediterranean, it changed the nature of ancient warfare.
	www.gamerstemple.com /features/04/decisivebattles.asp (1321 words)

	Livius Picture Archive: the battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BCE)
		The Macedonian phalanx was unable to adapt itself to the terrain; the Roman legions, on the other hand, were able to turn and could attack the Macedonian phalanx in the rear.
		The legions had proven to be more flexible than the phalanx, and it comes as no surprise that the Greek historian Polybius of Megalopolis concluded that Cynoscephalae was the best example to show the flexible legions were superior to the phalanx.
		Towards morning on the following day, after a mild and damp night, the clouds turned to mist, the whole plain was filled with profound darkness, a dense air came down from the heights into the space between the two camps, and as soon as day advanced all the ground was hidden from view.
	www.livius.org /a/battlefields/cynoscephalae/cynoscephalae.html (567 words)

	Battles of the Roman Republic
		This was a crippling blow to the Romans, and eventually led to their total fear of Hannibal and unwillingness to engage him in open battle again until Zama.
		The battle occurred in the desert at Zama.
		On the morning of their battle, a thick fog covered the battlefield so that neither army could see the other.
	oncampus.richmond.edu /classics/students/dave/ROMAN/battles.html (1139 words)

	Battle of Pydna 22 June 168 BC (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Battle of Pydna 22 June 168 BC Pydna 22 June 168 BC This battle in the Third Macedonian War 172-167BC saw the destruction of the Macedonian Army and Rome establish a virtual protectorate over Greece.
		The Roman Legionaries counter attacked opening gaps in the phalanx and killing at least 20,000 phalangites and capturing another 10,000.
		The battle like the battle of Cynoscephalae showed that the legion's tactical flexibility was lethal against the slow moving and unwieldy phalanx.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/battles_pydna.html (122 words)

	Cyno
		After some intense diplomacy to establish which of the less dominant, minor powers of the region were allied to whom, Flaminius and Philip met at Cynoscephalae, named from the Greek for “dog’s head” after the shape of a nearby ridge.
		Cynoscephalae began as an encounter battle: with the scouts of either army meeting in heavy mist at the top of an uneven ridge.
		The main battle took place across a ridge of broken terrain that interfered with the order of both sides’ main bodies.
	visbellica.com /Scenarios/Cyno/sc_cyno.htm (816 words)

	Related WordNet synsets for SUMO concept Battle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		a battle in 1513; the English defeated the invading Scots and James IV of Scotland was killed
		a battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between General Custer's cavalry and several groups of Native Americans (1876); Custer was pursuing Sioux led by Sitting Bull; Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux forces (which were supported by Cheyenne warriors) and was killed along with all his command
		a battle in France in 687 among the descendants of Clovis
	virtual.cvut.cz /kifb-test/wordnet/_battle.html (2818 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Formations
		A good example of the major weaknesses of the phalanx are well displayed in the battle of Cynoscephalae, a phalanx takes a long time to form up in battle formation.
		The poor order of the Macedonian left flank was a major factor in the Macedonian defeat at Cynoscephalae, but it also showed a major strength of the maniples, its flexibility allowed 2000 men to detach and take full advantage of the Macedonians disorder.
		At that critical moment in the battle the inflexibility of the phalanx and the flexibility of the legion came greatly into play.
	www.allempires.com /Forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=9202 (1612 words)

	ANISTORITON: An Essay (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Macedonian battle formation was usually 16 men deep; the first five ranks had their sarissae levelled while the rest held them elevated so as to keep off the incoming missiles.
		Concerning the battle of Pydna not much is known from our ancient sources but possibly things happened as follows.
		Having in mind the accounts of the battles at Cynoscephalae and Pydna, it is easy to understand that things happened exactly as Polybius had pointed out.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/e991.htm (2200 words)

	Baxter's EduNET - Time Machine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After occupying North Africa, Spain and southern Gaul (modern France), the Romans attack and conquer the Macedonian kingdom in Greece (battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BC), and the Seleucid empire in Asia Minor and Syria (battle of Magnesia, 190 BC).
		(In the Roman calendar, the middle of the month was called the "ides".) The wars end with the victory of Octavian (Caesar's adopted son) over Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt, and Mark Anthony at the naval battle Actium in 31 BC.
		The poets Horace, Ovid and Virgil, and the historians Livy and Tacitus mark the highpoint of Roman literature.
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/timemachine/2000med.html (195 words)

	Battle of Cynoscephalae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the earlier battle fought here, see Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC).
		Flamininus, with his allies from the Aetolian League, were stationed at Thebes, and marched out towards Pherae in search of Philip, who was at Larisa.
		During the march there was a heavy rainstorm, and the morning after there was a fog over the hills and fields separating both camps.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Cynoscephalae (684 words)

	2nd Century B.C.E.
		Aemilius Paullus commanded Rome's army and decisively defeated the Macedonians in 168 at the battle of Pydna.
		Paullus "settled" Macedonia by dividing it up into four separate kingdoms, granting each a considerable amount of freedom, and imposing a tax that was half what they had been paying their kings.
		A wargamer's analysis of the battle of Pydna
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/2nd.cen.htm (1167 words)

	Table of contents for Empires at war (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Egypt: Empire of the Sun (1479 -1154 B.C.E.) Thutmose III, Battle of Megiddo (1479 B.C.E.) Ramses III, Battle of the Nile (1178 B.C.E.) 4.
		The Chinese Empires (1750-256 B.C.E.) Battle of Chengpu (632 B.C.E.) Battle of Guiling (353 B.C.E.) Battle of Jinngxing (205 B.C.E.) 9.
		The Carthaginian Empire and Republican Rome (814-202 B.C.E.) The Campaigns of Hannibal and Scipio Battle of the Trebia River (218 B.C.E.) Battle of Lake Trasimene (217 B.C.E.) Battle of Cannae (217 B.C.E.) Storming of New Carthage 209 B.C.E.) Battle of Baecula (208 B.C.E.) Battle of Illipa (206 B.C.E.) Battle of Zama (202 B.C.E.) 13.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0420/2004017427.html (422 words)

	The Battle of Cynoscephalae
		Had all the fighting so far been skirmishing, then it is at this point that both armies finally set out to do battle.
		Their battle order fell apart, many fled, others simply surrendered.
		In essence the victory at Cynoscephalae was the triumph of the Roman legionary system over the Greek phalanx.
	www.roman-empire.net /army/cynoscephalae.html (887 words)

	For Your Collection, Philip V didrachm Coin Available For Purchase
		Philip V was the son of King Demetrius II (239-229 BC) and at was only nine at the time of his father's death in battle against the Dardanians.
		The regency was assumed by the late monarch's cousin, Antigonus Doson, who took the title of king and ruled wisely down to the time of his death in 221 BC.
		Final resolution of the antagonism which now existed between Rome and the Macedonian kingdom was delayed until 197 BC, when Philip V was decisively defeated by the Roman general Flamininus at the battle of Cynoscephalae in Thessaly - one of the pivotal events in the history of the Mediterranean world during the Hellenistic period.
	www.davidrsear.com /coin01.html (374 words)

	[No title]
		Carthago was eliminated as a great power by the BATTLE OF ZAMA in 201, Macedonia by the BATTLE OF CYNOSCEPHALAE in 197, the Seleucid Empire by the BATTLE OF MAGNESIA in 190.
		Caesar defeated Pompey in the BATTLE OF PHARSALUS (48); Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was assassinated.
		He then defeated his opponents in Africa (BATTLE OF THAPSUS, 46) and Spain (BATTLE OF MUNDA, 45) and returned to Rome as a man too powerful to be controlled by the institutions foreseen by the Roman constitutions.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/sat/texts/Laterep.html (2013 words)

	battle of cynoscephalae - OneLook Dictionary Search
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	www.onelook.com /?loc=rescb&w=battle+of+cynoscephalae (122 words)

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