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Topic: Battle of Dunbar (1650)

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	Encyclopedia topic: Battle of Dunbar (1650) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Battle of Dunbar (3 September, 1650) was a battle of the Third English Civil War (additional info and facts about Third English Civil War).
		By 1 September 11,000 English soldiers were camped to the south of Dunbar, but the Scottish forces, numbering 23,000, had got ahead of them and captured Doon Hill, blocking the road to Berwick-upon-Tweed (additional info and facts about Berwick-upon-Tweed).
		The Royalists recovered from the disaster at Dunbar to invade England again in 1651, when they were defeated by Cromwell at the Battle of Worcester (additional info and facts about Battle of Worcester).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Ba/Battle_of_Dunbar_(1650).htm (241 words)

	Thomas Pride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He distinguished himself at the Battle of Preston, and with his regiment took part in the military occupation of London in December 1648, which was the first step towards bringing King Charles I to trial.
		The next step was the expulsion of the Presbyterian and Royalist elements in the House of Commons, who were thought to be prepared to reach a settlement with Charles.
		He commanded an infantry brigade under Cromwell at the Battle of Dunbar (1650) and at the Battle of Worcester (1651).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thomas_Pride (468 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Dunbar
		The Battle of Dunbar was the first of the series of conflicts of the Wars of Scottish Independence.
		The Scots then turned to flee and as was common in battles of this era a massacre then ensued and the Scots suffered heavy casualties and a number of noble prisoners were taken.
		The first battle of Dunbar was the first of the series of conflicts of the Wars of Scottish Independence.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Dunbar (278 words)

	The Battle of Dunbar
		Cromwell had hightailed it to Dunbar after failing in an attempt to seize Edinburgh, defended by Leslie and 23,000 Scottish soldiers now pursuing the English army down the east coast towards the border.
		That battle flag bore the motto "For Christ's Crown and Covenant" and first appeared in 1639 in front of the Covenanter army commanded by General Alexander Leslie, first Earl of Leven, from Fife.
		The committee of Covenanter ministers accompanying the Scottish army was poised to instruct David Leslie in the art of snatching defeat from the jaws of victory.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/5568/dunbar.html (5323 words)

	Battle of Dunbar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Battle of Dunbar (1296), in the Wars of Scottish Independence.
		Battle of Dunbar (1650), in the Third English Civil War.
		This is a disambiguation page—a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Dunbar (115 words)

	The Battle of Dunbar: by Dennis Bell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		At Dunbar, the Scottish field commander had bits and pieces of about 40 regiments under his command, cobbled into 10 brigades commanded by some of Scotland’s best and bravest military leaders.
		However, by 1650, casualties, sickness, and desertions had cut most Scottish regiments down to half or even a quarter of their original strength.
		It was what the clerics subsequently called a “religious manifestation,” a fairly common occurrence among deeply religious men of all faiths caught in battle during the Middle Ages and early Renaissance.
	members.tripod.com /%7EStrathbogie/dunbar_article.html (5335 words)

	1650: The Battle of Dunbar
		The Council of State in London took alarm when Charles signed the Treaty of Breda in May 1650; it was resolved to mount an invasion of Scotland in order to forestall any Scottish move against England.
		The routing of the Covenanters at Dunbar is regarded as the greatest of Cromwell's victories.
		The Dunbar medal was the first of its kind for an English army; there was not to be another until the battle of Waterloo in 1815.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /military/1650-dunbar.htm (906 words)

	Battle of Dunbar: Cromwell's Masterstroke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Scottish army had superior numbers and position on the morning of September 3, 1650, but all Oliver Cromwell needed was an opportunity--and he spotted one.
		By 1650, he had acquired a formidable reputation as a commander, and the Council had every cause to regard him as the best man to lead the invasion.
		Although he was the Scottish commander in chief on the eve of invasion, old age and failing health caused the elder Leslie to step down in favor of his nephew.
	www.historynet.com /mh/blbattleofdunbar (1360 words)

	YORK COUNTY, MAINE
		William Alexander Gowen, a Scotch soldier captured by the troops of Oliver Cromwell in the Battle of Dunbar September 3, 1650, is believed to be the first member of the Gowen family in New England.
		William Alexander Gowen was reported to be among 10,000 Scots captured by Cromwell in the battle fought on the east coast of Scotland.
		Dunbar is a seaport on the southern entrance to the Firth of Forth, 36 miles northeast of Edinburgh.
	bz.llano.net /gowen/manuscript/Gowenms078.htm (7898 words)

	Dunbar -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dunbar Castle, built about 856, was an important stronghold against English invasion, and the town developed under its protection.
		A versatile Middle Scots poet attached to the court of James IV, William Dunbar was the dominant figure among the courtly poets known as the Scottish Chaucerians in the golden age of Scottish poetry.
		He was at ease in hymn and satire, morality and obscene comedy, panegyric and begging complaint, elegy and lampoon, and he moved freely from one to another for...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9031451?tocId=9031451 (748 words)

	Dunbar 1650: Cromwell's Most Famous Victory (Campaign, 142) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The three 3-D BEV maps are: the ambush at Carbisdale; two on Battle of Dunbar.
		The three battle scenes are: the fortified lines at Leith; the cavalry action at Musselburgh; last stand of Lawer's brigade at Dunbar.
		The battle was so incredibly one-sided, with the Scots losing perhaps 6,000 men against 30-40 English, that military readers will find little advantage in studying this affair.
	www.textkit.com /0_1841767743.html (525 words)

	Battle of Dunbar: Cromwell's Masterstroke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cromwell retreated to Dunbar a few days later because Musselburgh Harbor was too small for his ships.
		Dunbar had a good harbor and Cromwell thought the town "a place for a good magazine [ammunition depot]." He remained there until August 11.
		Asserting that the king and not the Scottish people was his enemy, he pleaded with the Kirk Party: "I beseech you, in the bowels of Christ, think it possible you may be mistaken." Cromwell's attempt to accomplish his objective without bloodshed failed.
	www.thehistorynet.com /mh/blbattleofdunbar/index1.html (1107 words)

	Historic Scottish Battles - From Rampant Scotland
		The army of Prince Charles Edward Stewart, consisting mainly of Highlanders, was soundly defeated by the Duke of Cumberland, bringing to an end the ambitions of the "Young Pretender" to recover the throne for the Stewart dynasty.
		With the defeat of King James VII at the Battle of the Boyne in Northern Ireland the following year, Dunkeld was the last battle in Scotland in the 17th century to restore the Stewarts to the throne.
		The Marquis of Montrose, after his success at the Battle of Tippermuir (see below), was being pursued by a Covenanting force led by the Marquis of Argyll and his Campbell clan (though a General Baillie also though he was in command and the two men could not stand the sight of one another!).
	www.rampantscotland.com /features/battles.htm (3250 words)

	Wargames Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The battle of Dunbar on the 3rd September 1650 pitched Cromwell against the Covenanters.
		The Battle of Dunbar was one of Cromwell's greatest victories and arguably one of Scotland's greatest wasted opportunities.
		This is not directly modelled in the scenario order of battle but the English will receive significant advantages due to various special rules required to reflect the surprise nature of the historical battle in which large numbers of the Scots infantry where ineffective.
	www.wargamesjournal.com /pike/dunbar.asp (3757 words)

	Battle of Dunbar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As Cromwell led his army over the border at Berwick in July 1650, the Scottish general, David Leslie, decided that his best strategy was to avoid a direct conflict with the enemy.
		Whether in a genuine attempt to avoid prolonging the conflict or whether because of the difficult circumstances he found himself in, Cromwell sought to persuade the Scots to accept the English point of view.
		Of the estimated 5,000 Scottish soldiers that began the march southwards from Dunbar, over 3,500 died either on the march or during imprisonment in the Cathedral - more than the total number killed on the battlefield.
	www.dur.ac.uk /~dla0www/c_tour/dunbar.html (865 words)

	Military History Online - The Battle of Dunbar
		Battle tactics varied according to the commander but generally they advanced three deep at a fast trot, holding their fire until at close quarters before falling on the enemy with their swords.
		A desperate battle ensued as both sides traded musket fire and moved in for "the push of the pike." The Scots, fighting downhill, had the advantage halting the attack which then seesawed with charges and countercharges.
		While Dunbar was commemorated as a glorious victory, the fate of the Scottish prisoners was one of the less glorious episodes in English military history.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /2ndenglishcivilwar/dunbar.aspx (4811 words)

	This Month in Scottish History - September
		The Battle of Dunbar fought between the English New Model Army of Oliver Cromwell and the mostly lowland Scottish force led by David Leslie.
		The Battle of Flodden, a devastating defeat for Scotland, fought in northern England between the invading army of King James IV and English defenders under the Earl of Surrey.
		On 2 July 1644, at the Battle of Marston Moor, the Scottish contingent under Alexander Leslie made a significant contribution to the decisive victory of the parliamentary army commanded by Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/shepherd/september.htm (2812 words)

	Battle of Dunbar 1650 - ScotWars
		Scarlet was the cheaper colour of choice for most professional soldiers regardless of rank, their country of origin or which side they were on, making for some rather confusing battles.
		Of the covenanting clans, none were reported present at Dunbar; clan chieftains raised their regiments by obliging their tenants -- through feudal duty or coercion if necessary -- to send their sons, brothers and husbands to follow the clan banner into battle.
		The battle flag of the Covenanters bore the motto "For Christ's Crown and Covenant" and first appeared in 1639 in front of the Covenanter army commanded by General Alexander Leslie, first Earl of Leven, from Fife.
	www.scotwars.com /html/battle_of_dunbar.htm (5566 words)

	Scottish Regiments at the Battle of Worcester
		The story of the Battle of Worcester in recounted in exhibits at "The Commandery", a complex of timber-framed buildings that were used by Charles as his headquarters for the battle.
		The battle of Worcester in 1651 was the attempt by the eldest son of Charles I to reclaim the throne and to re-establish the rule of the Crown in England.
		During the fall and winter of 1650 over 3000 Scottish prisoners of war made a perilous 120 mile march from their defeat at the Dunbar battlefield in Scotland to Durham Cathedral in the north of England.
	www.electricscotland.com /HISTORY/articles/worcester.htm (1863 words)

	Dunbar Golf Club, East Lothian, Scotland
		Situated 30 miles from Edinburgh, the golf course is laid out on the very land where Oliver Cromwell camped prior to the Battle of Dunbar in 1650.
		Situated on the estuary of the Firth of Forth, Dunbar East Links presents a combination of links and inland turf, set on a narrow stretch of land, which follows the natural contours of the coastline.
		The North Sea in all it glory, is a constant companion throughout, while with the majestic coastline, the Isle of May, Bass Rock and the distant outline of Fife all vying for our attention, the golfer is often distracted from the task at hand.
	www.golfing-scotland.com /courses/dunbar.asp (352 words)

	Dunbar 1650: Cromwell's Most Famous Victory (Campaign, 142)
		Stuart Reid's latest Osprey campaign volume, Dunbar 1650, is a considerable improvement over his last volume on Auldearn 1645.
		Not only is Dunbar 1650 supported by better research than the previous volume, but Reid's prose has returned to its normal control of the subject.
		While the question of whether Dunbar was Cromwell's "most famous victory" may trouble some readers, this volume does address this less well-known campaign in some detail.
	www.literacyconnections.com /0_1841767743.html (285 words)

	1650 to 1675
		He was defeated in September 1650 at the battle of Dunbar by Oliver Cromwell.
		It is known as the Battle of Lowestoft and occurred after the capture of an Anglo-Hamburg convoy by the Dutch.
		The battle was hard fought between ships of the two fleets.
	www.multied.com /dates/1650ad.html (1052 words)

	Knowledge Base - Battle of Dunbar
		In 1650 Oliver Cromwell’s army defeated a Scottish army at Dunbar.
		On 31 August 1650 he withdrew to the port of Dunbar, but the Scottish army followed him and on the 2 September the Scots moved down from a strong position on high ground and were surprised by an attack on the following morning by Cromwell.
		Members of the kirk party succeeded in raising what was, in effect, an independent army in the shires of Ayr, Renfrew, Lanark and Galloway (the Western Association), which was defeated in the battle of Hamilton in December 1650.
	www.scan.org.uk /knowledgebase/topics/dunbar_topic.htm (392 words)

	BBC - Hereford and Worcester Features - Battle of Worcester timeline
		Follow the ebbs and flows of the Battle of Worcester as it developed on the 3rd of September 1651.
		After losing the battle Charles was forced to flee for his life.
		The Scottish army lost the battle of Dunbar to Cromwell's Parliamentary forces on the
	www.bbc.co.uk /herefordandworcester/features/battle_worcester/timeline.shtml (336 words)

	CalendarHome.com - September 3 - Calendar Encyclopedia
		36 BC - In the battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
		1260 - The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
		1651 - Third English Civil War: Battle of Worcester - Charles II of England is defeated in the last main battle of the war.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /September_3.htm (1212 words)

	Tara's Thistle, Scottish Irish Folk Music, Celtic Folksongs, Bagpipe, Bodhran, Flute, Scotland, Ireland, pub, fairs, ...
		They were what today we call Prisoners of War, captured by Oliver Cromwell at the Battle of Dunbar, which was fought on September 3, 1650, precisely three and a half centuries ago today.
		The Presbyterian Kirk of Scotland held the reins of government, and in 1650 they allowed Charles the Second to be crowned king, once he promised to establish the Presbyterian church in both Scotland and England.
		We are gathered here today to remember the souls of those Scots who lost their lives or their freedom fighting to defend their country at the Battle of Dunbar 350 years ago today.
	www.tarasthistle.org /dunbar.html (1069 words)

	Battle of Dunbar
		Oliver Cromwell at the Battle of Dunbar, September 3rd 1650.
		Psalm and the cavalry cooked be gathered for the pursuit of eight miles, with a result so bloody that the battle of Dunbar was long remembered by the people of Scotland with acrimony as the “Tuesday’s chase,” the battle having taken place on that day.
		Cromwell spent the day after the battle at Dunbar writing letters to the House of Commons and to his wife regarding his victory, tidings of which were brought to London in three days by Sir John Hipsley.
	www.civilwarartprints.com /battle_of_dunbar.htm (2798 words)

	Scottish Prisoners in the Fens - POWs from the Battle of Dunbar 1650?
		The latter were prisoners- of-war, Scots and Dutch engaged in battles against the English in the 17th century.
		The Battle of Dunbar was hailed as Cromwell's finest tactical victory, his army severely depleted by illness brought on by vicious weather.
		Between 1650 and 1656 when divers small drains were being cut, rivers then existing were scoured out and a number of sluices set up: Forty-five major roads were made in the Fens, many planned by SIr Cornelius Vermuyden.
	www.btinternet.com /~sheila.w_b/scottish.htm (1750 words)

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