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Topic: Battle of Erzurum (1916)

	Battle of Sarikamis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Sarikamis, sometimes spelled Sarikamish or Sarıkamış, known in Turkish as Sarıkamış Faciası ("Sarikamis Tragedy"), was a decisive Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire in the Caucasus region during World War I.
		The battle finally ended on January 4 and the Ottoman army retreated in complete disorganization back through the mountains in the middle of winter.
		On the other side, the victor of the battle, General Yudenich, was appointed commander of the Russian Caucasus Army and he launched an offensive of his own in the summer of 1915 towards Erzincan and Lake Van.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamis (739 words)

	World War I - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about World War I
		Erzurum was captured in February, and Trebizond in March, the Turkish garrison retreating south towards Baiburt.
		By the end of 1916 the combined effect of casualties at the Somme and Verdun, the decline of Austrian military strength, and the Allied economic blockade prompted limited moves towards a peace settlement in Germany.
		The Battle of Caporetto began on 24 October in heavy rain and snow; the disaffected Italian troops broke almost immediately, and the Germans quickly crossed the Isonzo and then the Italian frontier and advanced to the Piave River, nullifying in a day all the Italian gains of the preceding two and a half years.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /World%20War%20I (9656 words)

	Battle of Kara Killisse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Kara Killisse was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I.
		After defeat at the Battle of Malazgirt the Russians under General Oganovski retreated east back towards Baiburt (?).
		At the same time, General Yudenich was assembling a force of 22,000 Cossacks and infantry around Tahir with the intention of hitting the advancing Ottoman forces from behind.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Kara_Killisse (210 words)

	Mediterranean Sea 1916
		In the Battle of Asiago, Austrian Gen Conrad is successful at first, having transferred some of his best divisions and 2,000 guns from the Russian front.
		Trapped in the nets of patrolling British fishing drifter "Calistoga", she surfaces to be shelled by the "Dulcie Doris" and "Evening Star II", and is then scuttled by her crew some 12m ENE of Cape Otranto.
		Italy - By the 10th in the Battle of Asiago, the Austrians have gained 12 miles in one sector, but the attack is brought to an end as the Brusilov Offensive starts on the Russian front.
	www.naval-history.net /WW1AreaMed1916.htm (3071 words)

	H1910
		1916 Jun 8, Francis Crick, co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, was born.
		1916 Charlie Chaplin's paycheck was the highest in the land with the possible exception of steel magnate Charles Schwab.
		1916 In Nevada drillers on the 30,000 acre Fly Ranch in the Hualapai Flat struck geothermal water and gave birth to the Fly Geyser.
	www.eleggua.com /History/1916.html (3516 words)

	The Destruction of Ottoman Erzurum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Erzurum Province was a place of insecurity: In 1893, the caravan from Erzurum to Bitlis was attacked by Kurds before it had gone five miles from the city.
		Erzurum was alive with rumors, and often exaggerations, that the Armenians were arming themselves.
		All the villages from Trabzon to Erzincan and from Erzincan to Erzurum are destroyed.
	www.ataa.org /ataa/ref/mccarthy_erzurum.html (6613 words)

	List of military engagements of World War I - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		For example, the First Battle of the Atlantic was more or less an entire theatre of war, and the so-called battle lasted for the duration of the entire war.
		Sixth Battle of the Isonzo or the "Battle of Gorizia"
		The Battle of Gallipoli (also called the "Dardanelles Campaign"), was in fact a number of battles fought between 1915 and 1916.
	listofmilitaryengagementsofworldwari.quickseek.com (443 words)

	Caucasus Campaign - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Due to the defeats at the Battle of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes, the Russians redeployed almost half their forces to the Prussian front, leaving behind just 60,000 troops to face the Ottoman army.
		The Battle of Sarikamis was joined on December 29 1914 and lasted till January 4 1915.
		While the Russian army and its heavy guns continued to march towards Erzurum, a second Ottoman division was destroyed at the town of Tafta (February 14) by another Russian force that attacked unexpectedly from the north.
	caucasuscampaign.quickseek.com (1525 words)

	[No title]
		This book gives a memorable account of that five-day battle, which was essentially a conflict of man against man, with most of the commanders as bewildered by the orders of their superiors as they were by the actions of the enemy.
		The first battle to associate the British Army with the "immortal salient", and indeed regarded as the end of the old army, thy mythologizing of the British struggle has obscured the major role of the French and Belgians in defending Flanders.
		Written in 1916 before his death in a mid-air collision, this memoir recounts the life of one of Imperial Germany's most famous and influential fighter leaders in World War One, who in addition to achieving 40 victories, pioneered the development of fighter air tactics.
	www.denismcd.com /_ww1.txt (15501 words)

	Caucasus Campaign Biography,info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In July the Pasha Kerim launched a couterattack in the Lake Van area and defeated the Russians at the Battle of Malazgirt.
		Meanwhile the Armenian rebels were been defeated at the Battle of Van but as a result of the defeat at Kara Killisse, the Russians captured Van for a 2nd time.
		Although the Armenians managed to inflict one defeat on the Ottomans at the Battle of Sardarapat, the Ottoman army won a later battle and scattered the Armenian army.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Caucasus_Campaign (1899 words)

	Timeline 1916-1917
		1916 May 9, The Sykes-Picot Agreement was a secret understanding between the governments of Britain and France defining their respective spheres of post-World War I influence and control in the Middle East.
		1916 Jun 8, Francis Crick, co-discoverer of the structure of DNA (Nobel 1962), was born.
		1916 Nov 28, Hiram Bingham, American explorer, wrote a letter to Gilbert H. Graham, the president of National Geographic, in which he stated that artifacts from his 3rd expedition to Peru belonged to the Peruvian government, which expected their return in 18 months.
	timelines.ws /20thcent/1916_1917.HTML (14071 words)

	War
		For instance, 71 battle names appear under the War of the American Revolution and 166 campaigns and battles are listed for World War II; in addition, many more actions appear in the text.
		The lists of battles are intended as a guide, so that readers may trace the course of a war by its battles.
		Gallic Wars 58-52 BC Julius Caesar's Legions vs. the Helvetians, Germans, Gauls of southern France and, in one battle, the Britons.
	mwooge.homestead.com /War.html (1261 words)

	1916_1917
		1916 Feb 26, Jackie Gleason, comedian (Ralph Kramden in the Honeymooners), was born in Brooklyn, NY.
		1916 Jun 29, Sir Roger David Casement, the Irish-born diplomat knighted by King George V in 1911, was convicted of treason for his role in Ireland's Easter Rebellion, and sentenced to death.
		1916 Jul 3, The 1st of 3 fatal shark attacks occurred near the NJ shore.
	www.shelbyjackman.com /school/timeline/1916_1917.HTML (12350 words)

	Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich -
		In the beginning of the World War I Yudenich was appointed Chief of Staff of the Caucasus army and in that position he won the battle of Sarikamis against Enver Pasha.
		In 1916 Yudenich successfully carried out an offensive winning the Battle of Erzurum (1916) and capturing the city of Trapezund (today's Trabzon).
		In the summer of that year, his forces fought off a Turkish counter attack culminating in the battle of Erzincan (despite the presence of Turkish General Mustapha Kemal).
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Nikolai_Nikolaevich_Yudenich (659 words)

	[No title]
		Ranging from Alexander the Great's battles with Asiatic Scythians, through the Russian Revolution, and on up to the turmoil in the Middle East and the battle in Northern Ireland, this is a book of monumental sweep and singular perspective.
		He chased bandits in Haiti and Nicaragua, commanded the Horse Marines in Peking, battled his way from island to bloody island in the Pacific, led the landing at Inchon, and fought the most savage rearguard action of the Korean War (that of the withdrawal from the Chosin Reservoir to the coast).
		Through a series of fascinating episodes in the development and use of the machine gun, he depicts the destruction of the nineteenth century's optimistic beliefs about man and of the "civilized" forms of warfare, as Europeans and Americans came face to face with their growing potential for self-destruction.
	www.denismcd.com /_mil.txt (14685 words)

	Diplomacy 2000 - ERZURUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Welcome to your new 2 week Standard game ERZURUM named after the allied, principally Russian, siege campaign in 1916 against the Ottoman Turkish city of that name, under a plan that formed a major part of the Caucasian Offensive to drive Turkey out the war.
		The Russians, under General Yudenich, were successful in taking Erzurum and swept on northwards to capture the strategic port of Trabzon and gain control of Armenia.
		However the Russian Revolution a year later meant more pressing problems at home which the Turks exploited with skilful diplomacy, ensuring that the area was returned to them in the post WW1 territorial treaties that so changed the map of Europe.
	www14.brinkster.com /pugio/pres01.asp?game=erzurum (2771 words)

	(GOOD, BAD, UGLY) Tall Armenian Tale: The Other Side of the Falsified Genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		General Antranig is worshiped by his countrymen for his heroic fighting in their defense against the Turks.
		After the Russian revolution these Armenian troops, left alone in Turkish Armenia, mobilized 25,000 soldiers from the refugees and for three months in continuous battle kept the Turks out of the Caucasus.
		ADDENDUM, Sept. 2005: The Antranik Battles is a book written in Armenian by K. Kukulyan and published in 1929 in Beirut: In April 1904, as reported by K. Gurun, "The Armenian File": "...the Armenian rebellions spread from the hills of Sassoun and the plain of Mush to Van.
	tallarmeniantale.com /good-bad-ugly-armenians.htm (6034 words)

	February 16 Events in History
		February 16, 1916 Russian troops conquer Erzurum Armenia
		February 16, 1846 Battle of Sobraon ends 1st Sikh War in India
		February 16, 1512 Battle at Valeggio: French troops beat Venetianen
	www.brainyhistory.com /days/february_16.html (1835 words)

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