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	Battle of Flodden Field
		The Battle of Flodden or Flodden Field was fought in northern England on September 9, 1513, between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by Thomas Howard.
		The battle actually took place near the village of Branxton in the county of Northumberland, rather than at Flodden - hence the alternative name of Battle of Branxton.
		The battle was the climax of days of manoeuvring, with the Scottish schiltrons[?] relinquishing the defensive high ground in order to come to grips with the English, whose billmen wielded a devastating weapon that was more than a match for the Scottish spears that had changed little since Bannockburn.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fl/Flodden.html (307 words)

	Battles and Rebellions
		Richard III was killed in the battle and Henry Tudor succeeded as Henry VII.
		Battle between James IV of Scotland and Henry VIII of England.
		The rebellion was defeated at the Battle of Dussindale on 27 August.
	www.tudorhistory.org /calendar/battles.html (531 words)

	Newcastle Walks - Battles Page
		In 1464 at The Battle of Hedgley Moor near Wooler in Northumberland, Sir Ralph Percy a Lancastrian supporter, and son of The Duke of Northumberland was killed fighting a superior Yorkshire army.
		Flodden was the last 'major' battle fought between the English and Scottish on English soil.
		The normal plundering by victors after a battle was minimal, an air of respect was felt and the Scots only took what was necessary to maintain their own welfare.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /newcastlewalks/battles.htm (1761 words)

	Battle of Flodden Field - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Flodden is best seen as a series of smaller battles, which merged into a greater whole.
		Two years later Francis I defeated the Swiss pikemen at the Battle of Marignano, using a combination of heavy cavalry and guns, ushering in a new era in the history of war.
		Elliot, W.F., The Battle of Flodden and the Raids of 1513, 1911.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Flodden_Field (3775 words)

	Our Past History.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Scots, as they took their new positions were in five battles, or columns, four in the line and one in reserve.
		To their right was the main battle under the personal command of king James IV of Scotland.
		Stanley seeing the state of the battle, read it to perfection, he reformed his column, and launched them into the right rear of James’ column, which by this stage was still being supported on the left by Crawford and Montrose opposing the Lord Admiral.
	ourpasthistory.com /battlefields/flodden (2735 words)

	Orkneyjar - The Battle of Summerdale
		Although history and local tradition now treats this confrontation as a battle, it is likely that it was little more than brief, but bloody, skirmish on the boundary of the parishes of Orphir and Stenness.
		After his death at the Battle of Flodden, the tack was allowed to pass to his widow.
		His death was a tragic one; after the battle he dressed himself in clothes taken from a dead Caithness man and on his return home his mother, thinking he was one of the enemy, struck him on the head with a makeshift weapon - a stone in the foot of a stocking.
	www.orkneyjar.com /history/summerdale.htm (871 words)

	Welcome to Flodden, Northumberland :: flodden.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Flodden is a sparsely populated area located in the border county of Northumberland.
		One of the more significant was the Battle of Branxton Moor, or The Battle of Flodden Field as it is more commonly known.
		This website is dedicated to educating and informing of what happened and the significance of the battle, both for visitors and for local residents.
	www.flodden.net (109 words)

	The Battle of Flodden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Consequently, he loyally supported the King in all his wars (although besides Flodden, it is not know which battles the Camerons specifically fought in).
		Included in the casualties were: the son of the Archbishop of St. Andrews, two bishops, ten abbots, twelve Earls, fifteen Lords, fifteen Knights, twenty-five gentlemen heads of families of note and sons and sires of every good family in the land.
		It was a grand battle, marked with bravery and valor on both sides.
	www.clan-cameron.org /battles/1513.html (222 words)

	Coldstream Pipe Band - Flodden
		The battle of Flodden Field, six miles from Coldstream near the English village of Branxton was fought in 1513.
		A battle that didn't really need to be fought resulted in the loss of one of our most able Kings, James IV and almost every leading member of the Scottish aristocracy and establishment.
		The site of the battle of Flodden is relatively unchanged and a visit is recommended if for no other reason than to experience the eerie silence of the place.
	www.coldstreampipeband.co.uk /flodden.htm (715 words)

	Flodden Field Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1910 the Flodden Monument was erected on a ridge in a field near Branxton.
		This deficiency was remedied in 2004 with the establishment of the Flodden Battlefield Trail, a 1¾ mile walk along field-edge paths taking in some of the key locations in the battle, complete with a series of excellent interpretive boards explaining their significance.
		And the third problem suffered by the Scottish centre and right was that their left wing, having won "their" part of the battle, had withdrawn, perhaps assuming that their colleagues would have as little difficulty defeating the English as they had themselves.
	www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk /coldstream/floddenfield/index.html (970 words)

	Flodden - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Flodden field, Northumberland, N England, just across the border from Coldstream, Scotland.
		It was the scene of the battle of Flodden Field (1513), in which the English under Thomas Howard, 2d duke of Norfolk, defeated the Scots under James IV, who was killed.
		Flodden, our forgotten national disaster; Critic's choice FLODDEN: A SCOTTISH TRAGEDY by Peter Reese (Birlinn, [pounds sterling]9.99).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-flodden.html (234 words)

	Edinburgh after Flodden - Wikisource
		The great battle of Flodden was fought on the 9th of September, 1513.
		The determined valour of James, imprudent as it was, had the effect of rousing to a pitch of desperation the courage of the meanest soldiers; and the ground becoming soft and slippery from blood, they pulled off their boots and shoes and secured a firmer footing by fighting in their hose.
		Tytler, "Surrey was uncertain of the result of the battle: the remains of the enemy's centre still held the field; Home, with his Borderers, still hovered on the left; and the commander wisely allowed neither pursuit nor plunder, but drew off his men, and kept a strict watch during the night.
	en.wikisource.org /wiki/Edinburgh_after_Flodden (1241 words)

	Scottish Battles -Flodden 1513, Dunbar 1650, Prestonpans 1745 and Culloden 1746
		Four of the main battles were Flodden in 1513, Dunbar in 1650, Prestonpans in 1745 and Culloden in 1746.
		The battle was fierce and bloody, and although the poorly armed Highlanders fought bravely, they were put to flight.
		This was the last battle to be fought in Britain, and ended the Jacobite cause in England.
	www.historic-uk.com /HistoryUK/Scotland-History/Battles.htm (716 words)

	Battle of Flodden (1513)
		The battle commenced with an artillery duel, although the Scots who were drawn up on Branxton Hill were unable to depress their cannon enough to inflict serious casualties on the English.
		Meanwhile the main forces of Home and Dacre were locked together and James IV, thinking that the battle was nearly won, left his headquarters and lead his army from the front rank into the battle down below, perhaps seeking the glory of leading his men to victory.
		Flodden Field cost Scotland her King, 10,000 men and the flower of her nobility in her greatest military defeat.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/flodden.htm (669 words)

	Scotland's Past - James IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This infamous battle between the invading Scottish army of James IV and Henry VIII's England was fought on the cusp of the 'military revolution' and saw the first artillery duel and last use of the longbow in a British battle.
		Flodden is one of the most infamous battles between the Scots and the English, and the one at which Scotland suffered its greatest defeat - King James IV slain on the battlefield together with the cream of the country's nobility.
		This, the second volume, covers the period from the close of the 13th century to the Battle of Flodden.
	www.scotlandspast.org /jamesiv.cfm (1183 words)

	Battle of Hastings
		The Battle of Hastings: While King Harold II was defeating the Norse invasion at the battle of Stamford Bridge in the north, the Norman invasion led by the Norman Duke William landed in the south.
		The Battle of Hastings was a battle between King Harold's infantry and the Norman cavalry and archers.
		William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings by Matania.
	www.medieval-art.com /battle_of_hastings.htm (1086 words)

	The Battle of Flodden
		When James IV invaded England in 1513 he met with disaster at the Battle of Flodden.
		He was met at Flodden by an army of the north under the Earl of Surrey, a veteran of Bosworth Field.
		Flodden marks a watershed in military history, for it was the last major battle in which the longbow played a part, and one of the first in which artillery played a major role.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/battles/flodden.htm (381 words)

	Index of People
		Battle between the H.M.S. Serapis and USS Bon Homme Richard
		Battle of Edgehill: Remarkable Cases of Suspended Animation
		King James II retreat after the battle of the Boyne
	www.thebookofdays.com /indexes/wars.htm (211 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Scotland \| South of Scotland \| Memorial to Flodden act of mercy
		A new memorial to the Battle of Flodden has been unveiled in Coldstream on the 493rd anniversary of the event.
		The battle was one of the bloodiest in Scottish history with thousands of lives lost on 9 September 1513.
		The Battle of Flodden was fought between the invading Scots army of King James IV and an English army commanded by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/scotland/south_of_scotland/5335632.stm (306 words)

	Hawick Common Riding - Hornshole
		The standard-bearer, or Cornet, was a young man. He was chosen to mark the bravery of the youths of Hawick at a battle.
		In 1513 the Scottish army under King James IV suffered a terrible defeat at the Battle of Flodden.
		King James put his army in a good position at Flodden (Flodden is about six miles south of Coldstream).
	www.hawickcallantsclub.co.uk /commonriding/hornshole.htm (688 words)

	Battle of Agincourt
		Agincourt is one of the great Battles of Military History, and this victory enabled Henry V to return to France in 1417 and conquer all of Normandy.
		King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt by Sir John Gilbert.
		While the highlight of the book is the Battle of Agincourt, there are a number of battles of almost equal military interest; indeed the Battle of Verneuil has been described by a French writer as 'un seconde Azincourt'.
	www.medieval-art.com /battle_of_agincourt.htm (1485 words)

	The Battle of Flodden 1513
		Although it was fought at Branxton, history accepted the name given by the defeated Scots.
		Jasper Ridley states in his book about Henry VIII that if the battle had taken place at Flodden it would probably have been won by the Scots due to the fact that James IV and his troops had the better position on Flodden Hill.
		They were caught not primarily by the small English canons but by the archers who for the last time decided a battle.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Documents/the_battle_of_flodden.htm (364 words)

	The Battle of Flodden - A Scenario for Days of Knights
		Short of supplies, Surrey had to act quickly; but rather than assault the waiting Scots, he led his army on a hazardous march beyond the enemy positions to place his army between the Scots and their homeland.
		It is deployed in a column, anywhere east of column 36 and north of row E. It may move normally on the same turn it is deployed.
		In the actual battle, the untrained Scots had great trouble using their new pikes properly, which put them at a great disadvantage against the English billmen.
	members.shaw.ca /kblackley/flodden.htm (1039 words)

	The Battle of Flodden Field :: flodden.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		James is forced to relinquish his excellent defensive position on Flodden Hill, and moves to confront the approaching English.
		The artillery pieces of the English were lighter, but of a higher muzzle velocity than the Scottish guns, which were cumbersome to move, emplace and load.
		A full account of the Battle can be found in the booklet which is on sale at St Paul's Church, Branxton.
	www.flodden.net /battle.php (390 words)

	Flodden Field
		The Scots then set fire to their huts and the refuse and litter of their camps, and under the cover of the smoke, marched down the northern side, which was less steep than the southern.
		Night fell on the field of blood, and the battle was yet undecided, for the Scots kept their ground.
		The battle of Flodden Field threw almost every Scottish family into bitter grief - so many were the slain - and to their sorrow at this fatal battle we owe one of the loveliest of the old Scotch songs, "The Flowers of the Forest".
	www.mspong.org /picturesque/flodden_field.html (1708 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Scotland - Nuns' mercy after carnage of Flodden remembered (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After the Battle of Flodden in 1513, legend has it that the English nuns of Coldstream Priory reclaimed the bodies of the Scottish nobility, including King James IV, in order that they could all be given a Christian burial.
		Today, on the 493rd anniversary of the battle, a new memorial to the nuns will be unveiled in the Scottish town of Coldstream, in what is the latest project to reclaim what has been described as "Britain's forgotten battle".
		The battle was later commemorated in a song with the line: "the flowers of the forest are a wede awa".
	news.scotsman.com /scotland.cfm?id=1331672006 (867 words)

	Dunin
		Surrey formed his order of battle on the plain called Brankstone, and the Scots descended to meet him there; whence in the English dispatches the battle of Flodden, as it came afterwards to be named, is called the battle of Brankstone.
		There was in this battle no one conspicuous false tactic giving emphasis to the result, like the rash charge of the cavalry at Bannockburn, or the array of -archers at Halidon.
		From other battles Scotland has suffered more unhappy political results, but this was the most disastrous of all in immediate loss.
	www.clankeith.org /australia/flodin.htm (1139 words)

	History of Coldstream - Coldstream Guards, Battle of Flodden, The Romans, Robert Burns, The Abbey
		History of Coldstream - Coldstream Guards, Battle of Flodden, The Romans, Robert Burns, The Abbey
		Coldstream has a long and ancient history, stretching back to the Bronze Age through Roman occupation (hence the name; 'Castrum'), The Battle of Flodden, General Monck's march to London and Robert Burns' visit.
		The Battle of Flodden in 1513 saw the death of James IV and much of Scotland's nobility.
	www.coldstream-scotland.co.uk /history.html (340 words)

	BATTLE OF FLODDEN
		The Battle of Flodden took place near Branxton, in Northumberland in 1513.
		The Scottish troops positioned themselves on Flodden Hill and were met with the Earl of Surrey and his English force who undertook a surprise march and faltered the well positioned Scots.
		The battle of Flodden ended with severe Scottish losses, the King, his Lords and it is said 5000 of his men were slain.
	www.burkes-peerage.net /sites/common/sitepages/re_battleofflodden.asp (314 words)

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