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Topic: Battle of Fort Sumter

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	Battle of Fort Sumter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Moultrie was the oldest and was the headquarters of the garrison.
		Fort Sumter, by contrast, dominated the entrance to Charleston Harbor and was thought to be one of the strongest fortresses in the world once its construction was completed; in the autumn of 1860 work was nearly done, but the fortress was thus far garrisoned by a single soldier, who functioned as a lighthouse keeper.
		The fort had been designed to hold out against a naval assault, and naval warships of the time did not mount guns capable of elevating to fire over the walls of the fort; however, the land-based cannon manned by the South Carolina militia were capable of landing such indirect fire on Fort Sumter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter (1569 words)

	Fort Sumter
		Major Robert Anderson reports Fort Sumter is being threatened in Charleston as federal forces begin to improved Fort Moultrie and Fort Sumter in the harbor.
		Sumter is visibly damaged but the Confederate batteries from the shore heavily damage the 9 ironclads and they are forced to withdraw.
		On December 27 Charleston awoke to an abandoned Fort Moultrie, its cannon spiked, and a force of federal soldiers commanding the harbor at Fort Sumter.
	blueandgraytrail.com /event/Fort_Sumter (1779 words)

	War between the States - Battle of Fort Sumpter
		Fort Sumter, in the very mouth of the harbor, was in an unfinished state and without a garrison.
		Fort Moultrie also fired a few shots, and the Star of the West rapidly changed her course and, turning round, steamed out of the range of the guns, having received but little material damage by the fire.
		The shell which opened the momentous bombardment of Fort Sumter was fired from a mortar, located at Fort Johnson on James island, at 4:30 on the morning of the 12th.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/america/civilwar/cw26.htm (2924 words)

	Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie National Monument
		Fort Sumter was one of a series of coastal fortifications built by the United States after the War of 1812.
		Fort Sumter was one of few forts in the South that remained in Federal control during the immediate months after South Carolina and six other state seceded from the Union.
		Fort Sumter is accessible only by ferries that leave from Patriots Point in Mount Pleasant, or the City Marina on Lockwood Blvd. It is open 10am to 5pm April through Labor Day, 10am to 4pm March and September through November, with varying hours December through February.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/charleston/sum.htm (649 words)

	The Battle of Fort Sumter
		A few officers and men had been left at Fort Moultrie to spike the guns, destroy their carriages, and cut down the Hag-staff, when they were to follow to Sumter.
		She had reinforced Fort Sumter with Peter Hart, a more efficient power at the right hand of Major Anderson at that critical moment than a hundred soldiers would have been, for he was ever vigilant, keen, faithful, judicious, and brave, and was the major's trusted friend on all occasions.
		The Bombardment of Fort Sumter had begun, and the Civil War was officially underway.
	www.sonofthesouth.net /leefoundation/battle-fort-sumter.htm (4196 words)

	Ft. Sumter by William Hamilton
		Crisis at Fort Sumter, 1861- This is a massive, intensely integrated treatment of the Fort Sumter Crisis of November 1860 - April 1861 on the server at Tulane University.
		Fire at Ft. Sumter - December 11, 1863, Sumter's Confederate Garrison battles an unstopable underground fire and climbs from the burning ruins for a gesture of defiance which raises cheers from the surrounding Federal troops.
		The new museum being constructed in the fort is a jarring, air conditioned retreat from the Fort's harsh exterior.
	www.awod.com /gallery/probono/cwchas/sumter.html (1235 words)

	Free Essays - Fort Sumter
		Fort Sumter was built to hold 650 soldiers and had room to accommodate 135 mounted guns and cannons.
		Fort Sumter was possessed by the Confederates from 1861-1865.
		Fort Sumter held many heroes and proved to be a significant event in the Civil War because it was the first meeting of the North and South.
	www.freeessays.tv /c15.htm (808 words)

	Brig. Gen. G.T. Beauregard's Official Report (OR) For The Battle Of Fort Sumter
		At Fort Moultrie, towards the north of Fort Sumter, I have ordered additional traverses to be thrown up, of a better construction than those already there, for the protection of the channel guns against enfilade from Fort Sumter.
		I find that the gorge of Fort Sumter is too much inclined to the guns on Morris Island to be breached by them at this distance (thirteen hundred yards); and, moreover, they have double the number of guns bearing on them, reversing thereby the advantages of the attack over the defense.
		George S. James, commanding at Fort Johnson, had the honor of firing the first shell at Fort Sumter, and his conduct and that of those under him was commendable during the action.
	www.civilwarhome.com /beauregardftsumter.htm (3721 words)

	Fort Sumter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Sumter was built after the War of 1812 as one of a series of fortifications on the southern U.S. coast.
		With Fort Sumter in Confederate hands, the port of Charleston was a hole in the Federal naval blockade of the Atlantic coast.
		Timeline and narrative of the battle of Fort Sumter
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Sumter (1150 words)

	Fort Sumter
		The fort's supply of ammunition was ill-suited for the task at hand, and because there were no fuses for their explosive shells, only solid shot could be used against the Rebel batteries.
		The fort's biggest guns, heavy Columbiads and eight-inch howitzers, were on the top tier of the fort and there were no masonry casemates to protect the gunners, so Anderson opted to use only the casemated guns on the lower tier.
		The fort's large flag staff was hit by fire from the surrounding Confederate batteries, and the colors fell to the ground.
	www.us-civilwar.com /sumter.htm (1142 words)

	Review of Crisis at Fort Sumter
		Holding on to the forts threatened to precipitate the conflict Lincoln was trying his utmost to avoid, but letting go would powerfully undermine the authority of his government.
		But there are no 'right' answers because Fort Sumter's objective is "to demonstrate that historical evidence is not unambiguous and incontrovertible." In a number of locations a "Commentary" link lets the reader explore a variety of interpretations offered by historians.
		Fort Sumter clearly has a community of interest in mind but it is very much a community of students and academics.
	www.publichistory.org /reviews/view_review.asp?DBID=34 (1431 words)

	Battle Summary: Fort Sumter, SC
		Beauregard, in command of the provisional Confederate forces at Charleston, South Carolina, demanded the surrender of the Union garrison of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor.
		On April 12, Confederate batteries opened fire on the fort, which was unable to reply effectively.
		The bombardment of Fort Sumter was the opening engagement of the American Civil War.
	www.cr.nps.gov /hps/abpp/battles/sc001.htm (152 words)

	Fort Sumter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Davis hoped that in seizing command of Fort Sumter he could drive the northerners out of the South and help South Carolina secede to the Confederate States of America.
		Anderson, the commanding officer at Fort Sumter, was his instructor at West Point, who recommend his elongated service at West Point due to his outstanding behavior.
		The fort was neither a strategic location nor a deciding battle, but it did start what was to be the United States worst war and one of the bloodiest in history.
	library.thinkquest.org /3055/graphics/battles/fortsumter.html (231 words)

	John Brown's raid, Fort Sumter, Battle of Bull Run, Gettysburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Major Robert Anderson, commander of the Union forces at Charleston, moved his garrison from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter which, though unfinished and ungarrisoned, was farther from shore and less vulnerable to land attack.
		So when a federal garrison at Fort Sumter ran low on food and Lincoln notified Pickens on April 8 that he was sending a ship for more supplies, the Confederate Secretary of War ordered General Pierre G.T. Beauregard to obtain a surrender or attack the fort.
		The battle, demonstrating as it did the effectiveness of the Confederate army, changed the status of the conflict from a rebellion to a civil war.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~mwfriedm/terms/anna13.html (1780 words)

	Battle of Secessionville, June 1862
		The Battle of Secessionville was fought on James Island, near Charleston, South Carolina on June 16, 1862.
		The Edisto Rifles at the Battle of Secessionville by Doug Schauer.
		Fort Lamar is now the Site of a S.C. Heritige Preserve and is currently being prepared for visitors and opening on June 16, 1997.
	www.awod.com /gallery/probono/cwchas/secville.html (589 words)

	Battle of Fort Sumter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The message stated that there was less than a six-week supply of food left in the fort.
		Attempts by the Confederate government to settle its differences with the Union were spurned by Lincoln, and the Confederacy felt it could no longer tolerate the presence of a foreign force in its territory.
		Believing a conflict to be inevitable, Lincoln ingeniously devised a plan that would cause the Confederates to fire the first shot and thus, he hoped, inspire the states that had not yet seceded to unite in the effort to restore the Union.
	civilwar.bluegrass.net /battles-campaigns/1861/610412.html (226 words)

	Battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The first battle of the Civil war was the battle of Fort Sumter.
		The battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862 was the single bloodiest day in the Civil war.
		The Battle of Gettysburg on July 1 - 3, 1863 was an accident but was still the bloodiest battle in the Civil War.
	www.be.wednet.edu /Acts/Ajansen/Battles.htm (600 words)

	Fort Sumter Books
		Fort Sumter, Charleston, and the Beginning of the Civil War.
		Original and deeply human, this tense and surprising story, filled with indecisive bureaucrats, uninformed leaders, hotheaded politicians, and dedicated soldiers, is a clear and intimate portrait of the prolonged drama that unfolded at Fort Sumter and incited the first shot of the Civil War on April 12, 1861.
		From the attack on Fort Sumter to the surrender at Appomattox, period photographs, factual re-enactments and first person accounts bring the epic contest to life.
	www.jennie-wade-house.com /fort-sumter-books.htm (885 words)

	Battle of Fort Sumpter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		There was much involved in provoking the battle and it lasted longer than most of the battles of the Civil War.
		On December 26, Robert Anderson moved to the incomplete Fort Sumter in the middle of the Charleston Harbor.
		Finally, after thirty-four hours of the fort being bombarded and many buildings being burnt inside the fort, Anderson and his men capitulated and were allowed to leave.
	sciway2.net /2002/a28w/fortsumpter.html (190 words)

	Fort Sumter
		Fort Sumter was a fortified federal facility whose purpose was to guard the mouth of Charleston harbor.
		By 1861 Fort Sumter was in some disrepair and meagerly manned, but was one of two major federal installations in the South that had not been taken over by Confederate forces.
		Jefferson Davis was not anxious to move against Fort Sumter or Fort Pickens (at Pensacola, Florida).
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h98.html (615 words)

	The History Place - U.S. Civil War 1861-1865
		Fort Sumter after its capture, showing damage from the Rebel bombardment of over 3000 shells and now flying the Rebel "Stars and Bars" - April 14, 1861.
		Hooker is decisively defeated by Lee's much smaller forces at the Battle of Chancellorsville in Virginia as a result of Lee's brilliant and daring tactics.
		During the battle, one of the most dramatic moments of the war occurs.
	www.historyplace.com /civilwar (2970 words)

	The Civil War
		The weather during the battle at Fort Sumter was pretty much the same as it is today.
		Today at Fort Sumter, the average temperature in April is about 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
		A Union ship with food and ammunition was called to go to Fort Sumter but it had to turn around because the Confederates wouldn't let it get to the fort.
	kms.kapalama.ksbe.edu /projects/2002/civilwar/battle01/scientist.html (418 words)

	Rebecca Dispatch
		The fort was created after Washington DC was attacked and burned in the War of 1812.
		We learned that Fort Sumter was built to protect Charleston, SC from attacks from the sea, not to protect itself from attacks by Charleston.
		Ft. Sumter was essential to the strength of the southern states because it was the key to keeping Charleston harbor open for confederate supply ships to come in and out, and in preventing the capture of Charleston.
	www.ustrek.org /odyssey/semester1/120900/120900beckysumter.html (1285 words)

	Fort Sumter and Civil War Resources
		Crisis at Fort Sumter is an interactive, multimedia, decision-making program that recreates the events and decisions that led to the firing on Fort Sumter and the beginning of the Civil War.
		Fort Sumter: "Fort Sumter was a fortified federal facility whose purpose was to guard the mouth of Charleston harbor.
		The unoccupied Fort Sumter was defensible as it was situated in the middle of the harbor surrounding by deep water.
	www.fortsumter.com (7300 words)

	Bombardment of Fort Sumter
		MAP OF THE HARBOR OF, showing the relative position of Sumter and of the batteries by which it was surrounded.
		At about noon some of his men were noticed on the wharf of the fort handing in buckets of water ; the besiegers' fire, which had never slackened, was at once directed upon them.
		One was buried in the fort with military honors.
	www.sonofthesouth.net /leefoundation/civil-war/attack-on-ft-sumter.htm (1253 words)

	Anti Essays : Free Essays on Fort Sumter Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fort Sumter was a turning point in determining the outcome of the Civil War.
		Fort Sumter was built on a man-made island of seashells and granite.
		For one of the causes of the Civil War was that the South demanded that fort Sumter be turned over to its new government.
	www.antiessays.com /essay.php?eid=1130 (465 words)

	Fort Sumter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Work began on the fort thirty years before the war, and, thanks to low Federal spending, it was still unfinished and already obsolete by 1861.
		The mainly brick Fort rested on an artificial island (New England granite) and could mount about a hundred guns, some out of apertures (casemates) and some firing over the wall (en barbette, in the fancy language of fortifications).
		There was no way he could defend all the fortifications (Fort Sumter, Fort Moultrie, Castle Pinckney, Fort Johnson) and was afraid the South Carolinians would overwhelm his forces in the weak Fort Moultrie.
	ehistory.osu.edu /uscw/BattleView.cfm?BID=18 (1130 words)

	Dilemmas of Compromise
		Indeed, one of the fundamental objectives of the Crisis at Fort Sumter program is to demonstrate that historical evidence is not unambiguous and incontrovertible.
		In order to understand the events at Fort Sumter, it is necessary to confront this relationship between evidence and interpretation, to explore how and why we "know" something.
		Clearly, not everything that happened in the Union and the Confederacy between Lincoln's election and the she lling of Fort Sumter is included.
	www.tulane.edu /~latner/CrisisIntro.html (1808 words)

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