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| | Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26) |
 | | However, until the debacle at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214, Frederick's authority was quite tenuous and he was recognized only in southern Germany: in northern Germany, the center of Guelph power, Otto continued to hold the reins of royal and imperial power despite excommunication. |
 | | Even more shocking for Frederick was the capture of his son Enzio by the Bolognese at the Battle of Fossalta, in the May of the same year. |
 | | Otto, crushed in the Battle of Bouvines by the French, died some years later, a lonely man in the Harzburg, while Frederick would be crowned Emperor in Rome by the pope. |
| baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (6051 words) |
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