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Topic: Battle of the Frigidus

	Battle of the Frigidus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of the Frigidus (sometimes called the Battle of the Frigid River), which was fought between September 5-6, 394, was perhaps one of the most important battles in the late Roman period.
		While revolts of barbarian federati were not new in the turmoils of the fourth century, this revolt was one of pagan versus Christian, and the outcome of the battle decided the course of Christianity in the western Empire.
		The battle is on par with that of the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in importance, for it was seen not only as a victory in a civil war, but a vindication of God and the triumph of Christianity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Frigidus (1553 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Frigidus
		The Battle of Frigidus, September 6, 394, was perhaps one of the most important battles in the late Roman period.
		While revolts of barbarian federates were not new in the turmoils of the 4th century, this revolt was one of pagan versus Christian, and the outcome of the battle decided the course of Christianity in the western Empire.
		The battles of Frigidus were fought in the Julian Alps, in key passes there, in the vicinity of present-day Vipava.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Frigidus (745 words)

	ALARIC I FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As the Battle of Frigidus, which terminated this campaign, was fought at the passes of the Julian Alps, Alaric probably learned the weakness of Italy's natural defences on its northeastern frontier at the head of the Adriatic.
		The battle which followed on April 6, 402 (coinciding with Easter), was a victory for Rome, though a costly one.
		The wife of Alaric is said to have been taken prisoner after this battle; and there is some reason to suppose that he was hampered in his movements by the presence with his forces of large numbers of women and children, having given to his invasion of Italy the character of a national migration.
	www.chemicalregistry.com /Alaric_I (1858 words)

	Theodosius I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is possible that he was dismissed of his command by the emperor Valentinian I, after the loss of two of Theodosius' legions by the Sarmatians in late 374.
		After 392, following the death of Valentinian II, whom he had supported against a variety of usurpations, Theodosius ruled as sole emperor, defeating the usurper Eugenius on September 6, 394, at the Battle of the Frigidus.
		It was defeated at the Battle of the Frigidus, and Theodosius became sole emperor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Theodosius_I (1898 words)

	Arbogast (general) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On September 5, 394, Theodosius attacked Arbogast in the Battle of the Frigidus on the banks of the Frigidus (Wippach) River.
		This civil war ultimately ended pagan Roman senatorial opposition to the Christianization of the Roman Empire, and is regarded as one of the most important battles in the history of Western Civilization and Christianity.
		It is widely speculated that Flavius Arbogastes hung Valentinian II in his villa, however, it was deemed a suicide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arbogastes (390 words)

	Theodosius I: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Theodosius I
		Theodosius was, briefly, the last ruler of a united Roman Empire - after the division between his heirs it was never again ruled by a single man.
		The emperor Gratianus appointed Theodosius Co-augustus for the East in 378 after the death of the emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople (378).
		After the death of Valentinian II in 392, whom he had supported against a variety of usurpations, Theodosius ruled as sole emperor defeating the usurper Eugenius on September 6, 394, at the Battle of Frigidus[?].
	www.encyclopedian.com /th/Theodosius.html (358 words)

	Battle of Frigidus (394 AD) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The nature of the ground did not allow full deployment of the battle line or much manoeuvre so Theodosius was forced to attack the enemy positions full on.
		Finally, when the battle still hung in the balance, a fierce wind drove down the pass into the faces of Eugenius' and Arbogast's men, which demoralized the troops and finally decided the battle.
		This battle will be an interesting toe-to-toe fight where the various possible match ups become very important.
	fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/frigidus.html (524 words)

	Station Information - Eugenius
		A pagan, one of Eugenius's immediate acts was to restore the Altar of Victory to the Senate House in Rome.
		Theodosius eventually confronted this rebellion, invading Italy and defeating Eugenius' army at the Battle of Frigidus on September 6, 394.
		Arbogast immediately committed suicide after the defeat, while Eugenius was held for execution as a criminal.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/e/eu/eugenius.html (96 words)

	Alaric (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the year 394 he served as a leader of foederati (Germanic irregular troops under Roman command, organized by their own tribal structures) under the emperor Theodosius I in the campaign in which he crushed the usurper Eugenius.
		As the battle which terminated this campaign, the Battle of Frigidus, was fought near the passes of the Julian Alps, Alaric probably learnt at this time the weakness of the natural defences of Italy on her northeastern frontier.
		The employment of barbarians as foederati, became a common practice with the emperors in the 4th century.
	www.portaljuice.com /alaric.html (1520 words)

	SCC Forums -> Fall of Rome - Historical Battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Battle of Frigidus (394 AD) Late Roman East vs. Late Roman West.
		It was a small scaled battle in front of rome not worthy of a name.
		The Vandal seizure of Rome in 455 was violent, but as the game does not model the sacking of cities in three dimensions for understandable reasons of taste and system resources, there would be no point in making a battle of it.
	www.stratcommandcenter.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=3818 (851 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Alphabetic Emperor Index
		If there was a series of battles in a specific location, click on that year in which you are interested.
		Battle of Abrittus, A.D. Battle of Adrianople, A.D. Battle of Actium, B.C. Battle of Ad Decimum, A.D. Battle of Akroinon, A.D. Siege of Alexandria, A.D. Siege of Amida, A.D. Battle of Anchialos, A.D. Battle of Angora, AD 1402
		Sieges of Ctesiphon, A.D. Battle of Dara, A.D. Battle of Edessa, A.D. Battle of Frigidus River, A.D. Battle of Issus, A.D. Siege of Jerusalem, A.D. Battle of Kossovo, AD 1389,1448.
	www.roman-emperors.org /battles.htm (205 words)

	J.J. O'Donnell, "The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus"
		He died shortly after the battle of the Frigidus (5 September 394).
		Both Arbogast and Eugenius died as a result of the battle of the Frigidus a little over two years later.
		After the battle, Ambrose intervened for followers of the usurper who sought refuge in churches (ibid.).
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /jod/texts/flavianus.html (4631 words)

	Mithra & Mithraism - The Fall of Mithras - (CAIS)
		The battle at the Milvian Bridge on the Tiber (A.D. 312) was decisive not only for Constantine but also for the Mithraic cult.
		Flavianus, who had became the leader of the resistance, declared for Eugenius, who was in the north of Italy preparing for battle against Theodosius.
		At first it looked as though the battle by the Frigidus would bring victory to Jupiter.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Religions/iranian/mithraism/m_m/pt11.htm (1563 words)

	R2561
		Theodosius arrived at the Julian Alps with an army to attack Eugenius and Arbogastes.
		Finding the passes heavily fortified, he managed to turn the loyalty of Eugenius's troops and defeat him at the Battle of the River Frigidus, 394.
		Eugenius was put to death on September 6th, 394, and a few days later Arbogastes, who had fled into the mountains, committed suicide.
	www.aoti76.dsl.pipex.com /coins/r7/r2561.htm (156 words)

	History of Witchcraft, Part Five (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In Rome, the old aristocracy clung to the mysteries and in Alexandria the pagan Neoplatonist philosophers expounded the mystery doctrines.
		In 394, the opposition of the Roman aristocracy was crushed in the battle at the Frigidus River (modern stream of Vipacco, Italy and stream of Vipava, Yugoslavia).
		According to the Christian theologian Origen, Christianity's development during the time of the Roman Empire was part of the divine plan.
	www.holysmoke.org /wicca/hist05.htm (1047 words)

	THEODOSIUS I FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 378, after the death of the emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople, the emperor Gratian appointed Theodosius ''co-augustus'' for the East.
		The army of Eugenius, marching under the banner of ''Hercules invictus'' marked the last stand of an official segment of the Roman Empire against the new official religion, Christianity.
		With that, the powerful and immortal Theodosian Dynasty came to power.
	www.easyleo.com /Theodosius_I (1788 words)

	Arbogast and Flavianus: The last battle under Jupiter standards
		Arbogast and Flavianus: The last battle under Jupiter standards
		In the afternoon of 5 september 394 Theodosius, near the Frigidus river, attacked frontally putting in first line the Visigoths.
		The troops of the West, under the standards of Jupiter, massacred the Goths.
	www.maat.it /livello2-i/arbogaste-i.html (831 words)

	George W. Bush, an American Theodosius by Steven LaTulippe
		Unfortunately for Rome, his tactical blunders and blinding desire for glory resulted in the annihilation of his Roman Legions at the famous battle of Adrianople in 378.
		As the dust settled, Rome found itself with a fallen Emperor and multitudes of Germanic tribesmen inside their borders who were dispersing and settling throughout central Europe and the Balkans.
		But there was a cancer in the Empire - the ‘federate’ Visigoths under their new king, Alaric, who had fought for Theodosius at the Battle of Frigidus but bitterly resented the unwillingness of the great emperor to use him in an official military commandBefore the year was out Alaric was on the warpath."
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig4/latulippe4.html (1181 words)

	Twilight of the West - Characters
		Valens leads an army against the Visigoths and is destroyed at the Battle of Adrianople.
		Theodosius arrives from the East to destroy Eugenius and quell the revolt at the Battle of Frigidus
		They first engaged in battle in 488 and, after a five-year campaign, Odovacar was left only with Ravenna, his capital.
	www.lunasoft.com /gurps/twilight/world.html (3420 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Arbogast and Eugenius met him at the battle of Frigidus in northern Italy; the Western legions marched under standards that included Pagan symbols such as the thunderbolt of Jupiter.
		Arbogast fell on his sword; Eugenius was captured and put to death.
		Frigidus was the last stand of Roman Paganism.
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/ric/eugenius/_milan_RIC_32c.txt (188 words)

	Augustine and the Fall of Rome 395-476 by Sanderson Beck
		Augustine traveled to the capital of Mauretania at Caesarea in order to prevent the annual civil battle between two hostile factions of families, and he was able to stop the bloodshed.
		When Eugenius was defeated by Theodosius in the battle on the Frigidus in 394, Flavianus took his own life.
		After imperial troops returned from battling Vandals and Persians, a treaty was negotiated by Anatolius in 443 in which the Emperor agreed to triple the annual gold tribute and pay 6,000 pounds at once.
	www.san.beck.org /AB11-AugustineandRome.html (21998 words)

	The FReeper Foxhole's TreadHead Tuesday - Early Russian Tanks (1915 - 1939) - Sep. 6th, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The British tank had lower battle characteristics, but it was cheaper and accepted by the Red Army.
		With their thin armour they were fast (in Russian BT= Bystrochodnij Tank= fast tank) and meant to be active in large numbers on the battle field and transported there by railroad on their own.
		With their thin armour they were fast (BT= Bystrochodnij Tank= fast tank) and meant to be active in large numbers on the battle field and transported there by railroad on their own.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-vetscor/1478244/posts (6138 words)

	September 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		394 - Battle of the Frigidus: The Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the pagan usurper Eugenius and his Frankish magister militum Arbogast.
		1781 - The Battle of Groton Heights takes place, resulting a British minor victory
		1937 - Spanish Civil War: The start of the Battle of El Mazuco.
	www.donob.com /encyclopedia/September_6 (1244 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2000.07.11
		As Hedrick notes, many of Cameron's arguments appear determined by his perceived opponent (49); thus Cameron's naively tolerant last pagans tend to be apathetic or overwhelmed by a highly organized Christian juggernaut they cannot comprehend.
		Hedrick has no interest in reviving Bloch's paganism, though he is, I think rightly, willing to give religious motivation its due in the events leading up to the battle of the Frigidus (42-46, 50-51, 85).
		Yet, as Hedrick recognizes, the direct links between proofreading and pagan activism are tenuous; only the epitaph of Praetextatus and Paulina, composed a decade or so before the Frigidus, explicitly describes cult initiation and personal religious transformation in the language of textual emendation.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2000/2000-07-11.html (2691 words)

	The Origin of the Cult of St. Maurice
		In this speech, which describes the victory of Theodosius over the usurper Maximus, there occurs a strange passage which contrasts the Egyptians who fought at the battle of Actium with the barbarians who fought for Theodosius.
		The real power behind the throne, the pagan barbarian general Arbogastes, had promised as he set out for the battle of Frigidus which put an end to Eugenius' rule, that on his return to Milan he would turn its basilica into a stable, and conscript its clerics into the army.
		However it is interesting to note that Theodosius' victory over Eugenius at the battle of Frigidus in 394 was partly the result of the defection of some of Eugenius' forces to his side.
	www.ucc.ie /milmart/maurorig.html (5571 words)

	CLST 277: The World of Late Antiquity: Final Exam Study Guide
		Battle of Adrianople (where it was, brief context, why it mattered)
		Battle at the Frigidus (where it was, brief context, why it mattered)
		You will be asked to write one essay as part of the exam, your choice between two questions I will select from the following list.
	orion.it.luc.edu /~jlong1/c277fnrv.htm (842 words)

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