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Topic: Battle of Gaugamela

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Battle of Arbela

Battle of Issus

Battle of the Granicus River

Battle of the Granicus

Battle of the Hydaspes River

List of battles (geographic)

Wars of Alexander the Great

Battle of Gaza (312 BC)

Companion cavalry

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Alexander III of Macedon

Alexander the Great

331 BC

Darius III of Persia

King of Asia

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	Ann & Thomas Portal
		The battle of Gaugamela (October 1, 331 BC), fought against Alexander the Great was probably among the first confrontations of Europeans with war elephants.
		Gaugamela was Alexander's greatest success, which he won by carefully placing his cavalry away from the elephants.
		Elephants used by Egyptians at the battle of Raphia in 217 BC were smaller than their Asian counterparts, but that did not guarantee victory for Antiochus III the Great of Syria.
	www.jump-gate.com /atportal/elephant/elephant_history.shtml (732 words)

	GAUGAMELA, BATTLE OF,
		The Persian defeat in the battle signaled the decline of their empire and the opening of the East to the Macedonians.
		Video 51 min - The Battle of the River Plate was a ferocious sea battle off the coast of South America between the German battleship Admiral Graf Spee and the British.
		The Battle of the River Plate was a ferocious sea battle off the coast of South America between the German battleship Admiral Graf Spee and the British.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=210167 (761 words)

	Battle of Gaugamela - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Battle of Gaugamela (IPA: /ˌgɔgəˈmilə/) in 331 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Darius III of Persia.
		Thus numbers given by ancient sources for the Persian army in Gaugamela are not beyond the realm of possible, especially since Darius had two years to gather them and did not need to transport them over distances as great as those of the Greco-Persian Wars of the previous century, and thus other historians accept this.
		Supposedly, the battle was held near a hill in the form of a camel's hump, hence the name etymology: Tel Gomel or Tel Gahmal, which translates as "Mount Camel" in Hebrew.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Gaugamela (2103 words)

	Battles
		The Battle of Cumae 474 BC The Battle of the Eurymedon c.
		The Battle of Tanagra 457 BC The Battle of Oenophyta 457 BC The Battle of Salamis / Cyprus 450 BC The Battle of Coronea 447 BC The Battle of Sybota 433 BC The Battle of Potidaea 432 BC War Memorial, Louvre Ma 863
		The Battle of Mantinea 362 BC The Battle of Tamynae 349 BC Munn, Mark H., The Defense of Attica: The Dema Wall and the Boiotian War of 378-375 B.C. Berekeley: University of California Press, 1993.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/History/Battles/Battles.html (1161 words)

	Battles: Battle of Gaugamela :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		The battle of Gaugamela was the third great battle of Megas Alexandros, Alexander the Great, in Persia.
		Darius' battle plan was to bring as much force to bare as he could on the right wing of Alexander's army, which Issus taught him was the most deadly.
		The battle of Gaugamela was one of the most decisive in history.
	www.wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=10655 (2212 words)

	Battle of Gaugamela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Darius III of Persia.
		The Location of the Battle - near Tel Gomel, east of Mosul in northern modern-day Iraq - was determined by Sir Aurel Stein in 1938 (see his Limes Report, pp.
		After the battle, Darius fled to Arbela (modern-day Arbil) 120 km to the east.
	battle-of-gaugamela.iqnaut.net (640 words)

	Battle of Gaugamela
		In the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Darius III of Persia.
		During the two years after the Battle of Issus Alexander proceeded to occupy the mediterranean coast and Egypt.
		The battle began with the Persians already present at the battlefield.
	www.gamesinathens.com /olympics/b/ba/battle_of_gaugamela.shtml (518 words)

	Battle of Issus
		The battle took place south of the ancient town Issus, which is close to present-day Iskenderum, Turkey, on both sides of a small river called Pinarus.
		The battle of Issus was a decisive Macedonian victory and it marked the beginning of the end of Persian power.
		The battle of Issus was illustrated (according to the Roman writer Pliny) by a Greek painter, Philoxenus of Eretria, in the late fourth century BC.
	www.gamesinathens.com /olympics/b/ba/battle_of_issus.shtml (605 words)

	History of Iran: Arrian, The Anabasis of Alexander: The Battle of Gaugamela
		For in the night many accidents have occurred unexpectedly to those who were sufficiently prepared for battle as well as to those who were deficiently prepared, which have caused the superior party to fail in their plans, and have handed the victory over to the inferior party, contrary to the expectations of both sides.
		Though Alexander was generally fond of encountering danger in battle, the night appeared to him perilous; and, besides, if Darius were again defeated, a furtive and nocturnal attack on the part of the Macedonians would relieve him of the necessity of confessing that he was an inferior general and commanded inferior troops.
		Immediately after the battle, Darius marched through the mountains of Armenia towards Media, accompanied in his flight by the Bactrian cavalry, as they had then been posted with him in the battle; also by those Persians who were called the king's kinsmen, and by a few of the men called apple-bearers.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/achaemenids/arrian_battle_of_gaugamela.php (3879 words)

	The Wargamer - Battle of Megalopolis 330 BCE
		The Battle of Mice – Megalopolis 330 BC Antipater vs.
		When Alexander was in Phoenicia in summer 331 BC, preparing for his march towards Mesopotamia and the battle of Gaugamela, news arrived that King Agis III of Sparta had started a war in the Pelopponese.
		Early in the battle Antipater's lines broke, but in the end it was the sheer weight of numbers that brought victory to the Macedonians.
	www.wargamer.com /articles/gb-articles/megalopolis.asp (635 words)

	Battle of the Hydaspes River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of the Hydaspes River was a battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Punjabi Indian king Porus (Pururava or Purushotthama in Sanskrit) on the Hydaspes River (now the Jhelum) in Punjab.
		When the battle actually started, the Macedonian cavalry was to the right of the line, but Alexander sent a group of cavalry to circle behind the Indians and attack them from behind.
		Had the Indian cavalry not been destroyed they could have endangered his phalanxes later in the battle, and the Macedonian horse may not have been able to support the foot soldiers against the Indian cavalry due to the proximity of the elephants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Hydaspes_River (1203 words)

	The Battle of Gaugamela (Arbela) - All Empires
		In this battle, terrain conditions were equal for both sides so no-one can claim that there were any coincidences in Alexander's victory.
		On the basis of this battle we can assume that before a battle, there was a very detailed planning process, which unfortunately no source has described.
		All Battle Maps are (c) by and are the works of Maciek.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=battle_gaugamela (782 words)

	[No title]
		The Battle of Marathon, 490 BC Excerpt: Two thousand three hundred and forty years ago, a council of Athenian Officers was summoned on the slope of one of the mountains that look over the plain of Marathon, on the eastern coast of Attica.
		The Battle of the Metaurus, 207 BC Excerpt: That battle was the determining crisis of the contest, not merely between Rome and Carthage, but between the two great families of the world...
		Five of the battles are described as a clash of civilizations between European and Asiatic powers (or between the Indo-European and Semitic linguistic families), with each one being a European victory and with the view that the Europeans are superior.
	www.strategypage.com /militaryforums/512-29486.aspx (3043 words)

	Alexander's Battles
		The battle between Macedonian king Alexander the Great and armies of the Persian Empire at the Granicus River in Asia Minor.
		After the Battle of Granicus, all the states of Asia Minor submitted to Alexander the Great.
		Alexander, with 40,000 infantry and 7000 cavalry, invaded Persia from Egypt.
	www.angelfire.com /il/AlexanderTheGreat/battles.html (480 words)

	pothos.org - All about Alexander the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Battle of the Granicus - 334 B.C. Battle of Issus - 333 B.C. Battle of Gaugamela - 331 B.C. Battle of the Hydaspes - 326 B.C. Literature
		As the battle turned heavily in favor of the Macedonians, these looting Persian troops were eventually eliminated by the Macedonian reserves which Alexander had deployed behind the phalanx.
		Given the extent of the battle and the distance these messages presumably had to cover, this story is very unlikely.
	www.pothos.org /alexander.asp?ParaID=95 (3710 words)

	ACHAEMENID HISTORY: The Battle of GAUGAMELA - (CAIS) ©
		Site of one of the greatest battles in history, resulting in the decisive victory of Alexander of Macedon over the last Achaemenid Emperor, Darius III (qq.v.) on 1 October 331 B.C.E. (the date, long debated, is now certain: see A. Sachs and H. Hunger, Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, Vienna, 1988, pp.
		The remains of the Persian left were caught by Alexander and his cavalry on their return from the unsuccessful pursuit of Darius.
		There followed perhaps the fiercest fighting of the whole battle, but in the end the Persians were killed or dispersed.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/hakhamaneshian/gaugamela.htm (1189 words)

	Pezhetairoi - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Apart from in pitched battles the pezhetairoi and their sarissas were not very practical; it is supposed that they were re-armed, and their tactics adapted, to suit the guerrilla warfare that was prevalent, and necessary, in Bactria and Sogdia.
		At the Battle of the Granicus the battalions were those of (from right to left): Perdiccas, Coenus, Amyntas, Philip, Meleager, and Craterus (A 1.14.2).
		At the Battle of Gaugamela the battalions were those of (from right to left): Coenus, Perdiccas, Meleager, Polyperchon (replacing Ptolemy), Simmias (deputising for Amyntas, who was recruiting in Macedonia), Craterus (A 3.11.9-10).
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Pezhetairoi (473 words)

	Alexander - History's Greatest Conqueror - Alexander Movie
		Swirling dust, the sounds of men in desperate hand-to-hand combat, and the thunder of pounding hooves permeated the filming of the Battle of Gaugamela, in which Alexander achieved the seemingly impossible, defeating the 250,000-strong Persian army led by King Darius III with only 40,000 infantry and 7,000 cavalry.
		The second pivotal battle to be filmed was the fierce forest conflict that takes place while Alexander and company are traveling through India and clash with the troops of a powerful Indian leader at the river Jhelum.
		In preparation for the staging of the film’s massive battles between clashing armies, armorer Richard Hooper was charged with producing the vast array of weaponry utilized by the Macedonian, Persian, Indian and Scythian armies.
	www.alexander-the-great.co.uk /military_historys_greatest_conqueror.htm (2044 words)

	Gaugamela
		The battle of Gaugamela was the decisive clash between Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia.
		In any event playing out Gaugamela at a scale of 1:100 is a challenge, the thousands of figures and large area needed defers this to the occasional "club" game where players may pool their armies and play in a large room with maybe a twenty four foot table!
		The right wing troops did hold but their efforts were costly (possibly the heaviest casualties in the whole battle were suffered here), an example of which was the 16 arrow wounds suffered by the Greek officer Menidas in the vanguard.
	www.ancientbattles.com /WAB_Macedonians/GaugamelaScenario.htm (1212 words)

	All Empires - The Battle of Gaugamela (Arbela) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		But all the recorded deeds and bold decisions can be considered as proof that before the battle, a very professional reconnaissance was performed, which Alexander utilized throughout all of his campaign.
		Battle Summary Map - This map shows, in Pseudo 3D, the most important movements of the Battle.
		Darius thought that Alexander would start in the same way as in both the earlier battles and would launch a direct attack on the opposite wing.
	www.allempires.com /articles/gaugamela/gaugamela.htm (763 words)

	History was just the half of it
		Dye, who would direct some of the scenes in the 11-minute-long Battle of Gaugamela, was unabashed in suggesting to Fox that insights gained from putting a mock army into the field would be more credible than the descriptions of historians.
		Similarly, Dye inferred - and the battle scene reflects - that Alexander's commanders used a system of bugles or drumbeats, visual signs and messengers to communicate marching orders to each group of 16 soldiers during the fog of war.
		That is one explanation for the coordination required to execute Alexander's battle strategy at Gaugamela: Feinting an attacking maneuver with his right flank, drawing Darius' soldiers to the Persian left flank and ultimately causing a gap to open in the Persian center.
	www.azcentral.com /ent/movies/articles/1117alexander15side.html (1252 words)

	Alexander Defeats The Persians, 331 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		His victory at the battle of Gaugamela on the Persian plains was a decisive conquest that insured the defeat of his Persian rival King Darius III.
		As at the battle of Issus, Darius fled, leaving the field and victory to Alexander.
		As soon as Darius set his whole battle line in motion, Alexander ordered Aretes to attack those who were riding clear around his right wing; and up to that time he was himself leading his men in column.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /alexander.htm (1029 words)

	What happened at Gaugamela?
		Darius did not want a repeat of the battle of Granicus, where the Macedonians had taken advantage of the fact that Persian armies were only allowed to march after performing sacrifices to the rising sun.
		The battleground at Gaugamela was a sandy plain, and the sand they kicked up would have made it impossible for the Macedonians and Persians to see what was happening.
		It is only a slight exaggeration to say that the battle of Gaugamela amounted to an attack on a large group of deserters.
	www.livius.org /aj-al/alexander/alexander_z7.html (3720 words)

	History of Iran: The Battle of Gaugamela
		ite of one of the greatest battles in history, resulting in the decisive victory of Alexander of Macedon over the last Achaemenid Emperor, Darius III (qq.v.) on 1 October 331 B.C.E. (the date, long debated, is now certain: see A. Sachs and H. Hunger, Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, Vienna, 1988, pp.
		The "Alexander Mosaic" in the House of the Faun at Pompeii was on its discovery at once identified with the battle of "Arbela." Later, the majority of scholars came to identify it with Issus or thought it did not depict a particular battle at all.
		Sushko, Gaugamela, the Modern Qaraqosh (with reproductions of old maps), Chicago, 1936.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/achaemenids/battle_of_gaugamela.php (1146 words)

	ipedia.com: Battle of Gaugamela Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		History -- Military history -- List of battles -- Macedonia -- History of Persia In the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Darius III of Persia.
		The battle is also sometimes called the battle of Arbela.
		The exact location of the battle is unknown.
	www.ipedia.com /battle_of_gaugamela.html (593 words)

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