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Topic: Battle of Gravelines (1558)

	Battle of Gravelines (1558) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Gravelines was fought on July 13, 1558 at Gravelines, near Calais.
		The battle resulted in a victory by the Spanish forces, led by Lamoral, Count of Egmont over the French under Marshal Paul des Thermes.
		This article about a battle in British history is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Gravelines_(1558) (155 words)

	Microsoft Word (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Battle of Renty was fought on August 12, 1554, between France and the Holy Roman Empire.
		The French were led by Francis, Duke of Guise, while the Imperial forces were led by Emperor Charles V.
		This article about a battle in German history is a stub.
	www.workfriendly.net /browse/Office2003Blue/http/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Renty (804 words)

	Acidophilus notes \| 20:43 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although the Spanish army was soundly defeated at the Battle of Ceresole in Savoy the French were unable to seriously threaten Spanish controlled Milan, whilst suffering defeat in the north at the hands of Henry, thereby being forced to accept unfavourable terms.
		These battles are generally considered to signal the start of the Eighty Years' War that ended with the independence of the United Provinces.
		At the Battle of the Downs in 1639 a Spanish fleet carrying troops was destroyed by the Dutch navy, and the Spanish found themselves unable to adequately supply and reinforce their forces in the Netherlands.
	www.acidophiluseffects.com /notes/?title=Spanish_Empire (8990 words)

	Batailles
		Battle of Mühlberg (Germany) in 1547: Imperial victory against the protestant princes.
		The battles of St Quentin and Gravelines, recognised the end of the French dream in Italy and the impossibility for the Spanish King to recover the Duchy of Burgundy, the peace was signed in Cateau Cambresis in 1559.
		Battle of Nordlingen (Germany) in 1634: Victory of the Catholics against the main Swedish/Protestant army.
	www.geocities.com /ao1617/Battle.html (5853 words)

	Battle of Gravelines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Gravelines is the name given to two battles:
		The Battle of Gravelines (1558), when Spain defeated France;
		The naval battle of Gravelines, in 1588, which saw the defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Gravelines (122 words)

	July 13 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining.
		982 - Otto II is defeated in Calabria by the Saracens, Pandulf II of Salerno and Landulf IV of Benevento killed in battle.
		1558 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/July_13 (1653 words)

	1539. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The French were defeated by the Spaniards, who were supported by the English, in the Battle of St. Quentin (1557) and by Egmont at Gravelines (1558).
		Calais, the last English possession in France, was captured by the duke of Guise.
		Murder of Coligny and general massacre of Protestants in Paris and in the provinces, on the occasion of the marriage of Henry of Bourbon, king of Navarre, and the sister of Charles IX, Margaret of Valois.
	www.bartleby.com /67/598.html (471 words)

	[No title]
		The battle, with others which were to follow it, won by the same hand, were soon to compel the signature of the most disastrous treaty which had ever disgraced the history of France.
		The magnificent palace- convent of the Escurial, dedicated to the saint on whose festival the battle had been fought, and built in the shape of the gridiron, on which that martyr had suffered, was soon afterwards erected in pious commemoration of the event.
		Thus within eleven months of the battle of Saint Quentin, had the Dutch hero gained another victory so decisive as to settle the fate of the war, and to elevate his sovereign to a position from which he might dictate the terms of a triumphant peace.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/etext04/jm04v10.txt (20315 words)

	The Spanish Galleons
		They were the first large square-rigged ships to ply the seas and were valued because of their large capacity for carrying troops or cargo.
		But large quantities of flammable ammunition are a liability themselves in battle since a stray spark can send a ship up in flames, and Spanish captains were no doubt wary of its use.
		In battle each cannon might have a 2 to 8 man crew, depending on the size of the gun.
	www.landoflegends.us /01library/05research/02top/20ship/SpanishGalleons/Galleons01.html (3230 words)

	The Armada: Destined for Defeat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The English had pounded the Spanish since their arrival in the channel and at Gravelines the decision was made to pull out their greatest weapon, the "hellburner" - a weapon Sidonia was aware of but failed to arm himself against.
		Concentrating on the battle was difficult as men died of foul disease seemingly in vain.
		Philip's men were tired, hungry, and most importantly, ill. Most had never seen a maritime battle, and they were unsure of their duty and of common naval practices.
	www.cumberlandcollege.edu /academics/history/upsilonian/files/vol9/JenniferCox97.html (2475 words)

	INTRODUCTION: Sir Francis Drake: A Pictorial Biography by Hans P. Kraus(Rare Book and Special Collections Reading Room, ...
		When Elizabeth Tudor became Queen of England in 1558 the traditional involvement of her country in the affairs of continental Europe was more intense than at any other time while she was on the throne.
		Yet, strangely, although England in 1558 and the years before was so intimately linked to interests abroad, the English had tended to lag behind their continental neighbors in the New Learning that was flourishing in Europe.
		Because of this the date came to be regarded as deeply auspicious, and eventually was appointed a religious and secular festival throughout the realm.
	www.loc.gov /rr/rarebook/catalog/drake/drake-intro.html (14201 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Spanish Armada
		At the commencement of Elizabeth's reign (1558) Philip had been her best friend.
		On the Monday following, the great battle took place off Gravelines, in which the Spaniards were entirely outclassed and defeated.
		It says much for their heroism that only one ship was reported captured; but three sank, four or five ran ashore, and the Duke of Medina Sidonia took the resolution of leading the much damaged remnant around the north of Scotland and Ireland, and so back to Spain.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01727c.htm (2612 words)

	armada
		But the sort of battle fought by the English was something the Spanish were not prepared for.
		The Spaniards had plenty of ammunition, but their guns could not easily be reloaded, and the gunners were actually soldiers who were supposed to return to their battle stations after firing an initial salvo.
		The Battle of Gravelines was fought at very close range, and this time the English guns did great damage to the Spanish vessels, sinking one and causing a high rate of casualties on all that remained.
	www.salvoblue.homestead.com /armada.html (1885 words)

	The Spanish Armada : Sir Francis Drake
		Guns in Spanish ships were fired in a single salvo as a prelude to boarding; one soldier remaining by each gun for this duty while the rest of the gun teams took their places among the boarders on deck.
		The Spanish crews were not trained to load and fire repeatedly during a battle and the carriages and tackles of the guns were not designed or suitable for this function; the system of wheels and tackle restricting recoil rather than easing it.
		Beaten in the battle the Spanish were carried up into the North Sea; two ships sunk and most of the remainder damaged by gunfire, with high casualties among the crew and soldiery.
	www.britishbattles.com /spanish-war/spanish-armada.htm (6751 words)

	The Gunpowder Plot Society
		[May] Battle of Langside, and Mary Stuart flees imprisonment to Carlisle in England where she is imprisoned by Elizabeth I, thus becoming the catalyst for factional politics in the Privy Council.
		As long as Elizabeth remained unmarried, Mary was seen as the strongest claimant to the throne in the event of Elizabeth's death.
		[July] The Battle of Gravelines, and the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
	www.gunpowder-plot.org /timeline3.asp (1946 words)

	1558 - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		1555 1556 1557 - 1558 - 1559 1560 1561
		July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines.
		November 17 - Queen Mary I of England (b.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/1558 (177 words)

	ECONEMISIS.COM: Global Empire - Spanish Empire
		Charles’ successor, Philip II, aggressively prosecuted the war against France, crushing a French army at the Battle of St. Quentin in Picardy in 1558 and defeating Henry again at the Battle of Gravelines.
		In 1571, Spanish and Venetian warships, joined by volunteers across Europe, led by Charles' illegitimate son Don John of Austria annihilated the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto, in one of the most decisive battles in naval history.
		The battle ended the Ottoman naval threat in the Western Mediterranean and initiated a long period of decline for the Ottoman Empire.
	www.econemisis.com /gEmpire/spain.html (8039 words)

	Spanish Empire information - Search.com
		Although the Spanish army was soundly defeated at the Battle of Ceresole, in Savoy Henry fared better, and France was forced to accept terms.
		A map of the dominion of the Habsburgs following the Battle of Mühlberg (1547) as depicted in The Cambridge Modern History Atlas (1912); Habsburg lands are shaded green.
		Naples was retaken in 1648 and Catalonia in 1652, but the war came effectively to an end at the Battle of the Dunes (1658) where the French army under Vicomte de Turenne defeated the remnants of the Spanish army of the Netherlands.
	webshots.search.com /reference/Spanish_Empire (8414 words)

	The Spanish Armada
		Along with the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 and the Battle of Britain in 1940, it is one of the many examples of England (and British) forces defeating enemies of superior numbers.
		Mary, by now a middle-aged spinster, certainly did care for her new husband, and even managed to convince herself that she was pregnant at one point, but it was not to be.
		When Mary died in 1558 her very Protestant sister Elizabeth came to the throne.
	forums.canadiancontent.net /history/43659-spanish-armada.html (1526 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Today in History \| Today in History: July 13
		Led by the court of Egmont, the Spanish army defeats the French at Gravelines, France.
		In England, the Roundheads, led by Sir William Waller, are defeated by Royalist troops under Lord Wilmot in the Battle of Roundway Down.
		Tells the story of the battle for Iwo Jima through the eyes of those who lived through it.
	www.historynet.com /today_in_history/3027591.html (431 words)

	CNN Interactive - Almanac - July 13, 1998
		In 1558, the French under Marshal de Thermes were heavily defeated by the Flemings and their allies, aided by the English fleet, at the battle of Gravelines in the Valois Hapsburg War
		In 1643, English parliamentarians were defeated by the Royalists under Prince Maurice at the battle of Roundway Down in the English Civil War.
		In 1943, the greatest tank battle in history ended with Russia's defeat of Germany at Kursk, south of Moscow.
	edition.cnn.com /almanac/9807/13 (650 words)

	The Spanish Empire
		At the Battle of the Downs in 1639 a Spanish fleet was decimated by the Dutch navy, and the Spanish found themselves unable to supply their forces in the Netherlands.
		Traditionally, historians mark the Battle of Rocroi (1643) as the end of Spanish dominance in Europe.
		With the Spanish Netherlands effectively lost after the Battle of Lens in 1648, the Spanish made peace with the Dutch and recognized the independent United Provinces in the Peace of Westphalia that ended both the Eighty Years' War and the Thirty Years' War.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/spanishempire.html (5889 words)

	Francis Drake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The next day, Drake was present at the Battle of Gravelines.
		The most famous (but probably apocryphal) anecdote about Drake relates that, prior to the battle, he was playing a game of bowls on Plymouth Hoe.
		This battle was the high point of the remarkable mariner's career.
	blockmenot.net /index.php?q=aHR0cDovL2VuLndpa2lwZWRpYS5vcmcvd2lraS9GcmFuY2lzX0RyYWtl (2650 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		Francis was in the neighbourhood with a superior army ; Charles was anxious to meet him in the field, and advanced in hopes of tempting him to battle.
		In August, 1557, the news of the battle of St Quentin caused the recall of Guise, and the Pope was left without defence.
		The French plan of campaign for 1558 was directed to the capture of Thionville, and, as a sequel, to a double invasion of Flanders.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh203.html (17384 words)

	Subject Index: Naval Warfare
		Downs, battle of the (Naval battle), 21 October 1639
		Quiberon Bay, battle of, 20 November 1759 (France)
		Toulon, naval battle of, 11 February 1744 (France)
	www.rickard.karoo.net /subject_naval.html (59 words)

	July 13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		1558 - Battle of Gravelines : In France Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul Thermes at Gravelines.
		1643 - English Civil War : Battle of Roundway Down - In England Lord Henry Wilmot Earl of Rochester the Royalist forces wins a crushing victory the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
		1854 - In the battle of Guaymas Mexico General Jose Maria Yanez stops the invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset
	www.freeglossary.com /July_13 (882 words)

	1558 \| Political Events: The People's Chronology
		Guise goes on to capture Guines and Ham, expelling the English and forcing England to give up hope of conquering France (see 1564).
		The Battle of Gravelines July 13 ends in victory for Spanish forces commanded by the 35-year-old Lamoral, comte d'Egmont, over the French army of Paul des Thermes (see 1557; Cateau-Cambrésis, 1559).
		The former Holy Roman Emperor Charles V eats eel pie at the monastery of Yuste in early September, suffers indigestion for 3 weeks, and dies September 21 at age 58.
	history.enotes.com /peoples-chronology/year-1558 (257 words)

	1558 - Gurupedia
		Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England
		July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France,
		Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines.
	www.gurupedia.com /1/15/1558.htm (93 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		1558 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal
		1643 - English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down - In England, Lord
		1794 - Battle of the Vosges between French forces and those of
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/July_13.html (517 words)

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