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Topic: Battle of Grunwald

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	Battle of Grunwald - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was the decisive battle of the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) and the greatest battle of medieval Europe.
		The battle was fought in the plains between the villages of
		Jagiełło in a 2003 reconstruction of the battle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald (4116 words)

	Battle of Tannenberg (1914) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Tannenberg in 1914 was a decisive conflict between the Russian Empire and the German Reich in the first days of The Great War, fought by the Russian 1st and 2nd Armies and the German Eighth Army between August 17 and September 2, 1914.
		Interestingly, an ancestor of Hindenburg had fallen at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410.
		The battle is at the centre of Alexander Solzhenitsyn's novel August 1914.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_(1914) (507 words)

	* * * Photo-Excurse on Grunwald battle * * *
		also called BATTLE OF GRUNFELDE (or Grunwald), battle fought at Tannenberg (Polish: Stebark) in northeastern Poland (formerly East Prussia) that was a major victory of the united army of Polish Kingdom and Grand Duchy of Lithuania over the Knights of the Teutonic Order.
		The battle marked the end of the order's expansion along the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea and the beginning of the decline of its power.
		Whatever the stats of this battle is considered to be the largest and bloodiest of the medieval era in the whole of Europe.
	grunwald.iatp.by /exc-e.htm (569 words)

	Exhibition "The Battle of Tennenberg" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Jan Matejko, the author of the painting „The Battle of Tannenberg" was born on June 24, 1838 in Cracow.
		The painting "The Battle of Tannenberg" by Jan Matejko portrays one of the biggest battles of the Middle Ages in Europe.
		The painter captured the decisive moment of the battle, which was the death of the Grand Master.
	ldmuziejus.mch.mii.lt /Naujausiosparodos/Zalgirio_paroda.en.htm (1834 words)

	Warsaw Voice - A Knightly Spectacle
		The Battle of Grunwald, referred to as the Battle of Tannenberg in Western historical scholarship, was the greatest victory in the history of the Polish army.
		Contemporary Poles view the battle through the eyes of the Nobel Prize-winning writer Henryk Sienkiewicz, who described it in his novel The Knights of the Black Cross, and the painter Jan Matejko, who made it the subject of one of his gigantic canvasses.
		Previous battles have taken place in the rain, but this year, as in 1410, it was scorching hot, challenging the strength and endurance of both the knights in their heavy armor and the public.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /archiwum.phtml/13218 (937 words)

	Battle of Grunwald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Grunwald is a village in northern Poland, 30 km south from Olzstyn.
		The battle is memorable for the Czech history thanks to the participation of Czech free - lances in the fight on the coalition’s side and especially the participation of Jan Zizka from Trocnov.
		The battle was initiated by Juningen as he sent two of his knights carrying pulled out swords and a message, that said, the knights should help the Polish fight because the Polish do not dare to start fighting.
	www.arms-armor.cz /battles/grunwald/index.php3 (1510 words)

	The Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg): 1410 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was a battle between the Teutonic Knights, a mounted Military Order that had created its own German state along the Baltic Sea north of Poland, and the combined forces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, recently joined through their ruler, King Własysław Jagiełło.
		Arguably, it was thus the largest battle of the Middle Ages, dwarfing the battle that took place on October 25, 1415 at Agincourt between the English and French forces that numbered 5900 and 20-30,000 respectively.
		The battle, which in Germany continues to be referred to as the Battle of Tannenberg, has very much continued to live on in the consciousness of both Poles and Germans.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/JM/1410.html (183 words)

	paintings-index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Several important castles were taken in the aftermath of the battle, but the Polish-Lithuanian Army proved insufficiently large in the face of Muscovite manpower to recapture Smolensk.
		Battle was joined at Kircholm on the 27th of September.
		She fought in the battle of Kaunas, in which she was nearly captured.
	www.zincavage.org /paintings-index.html (2547 words)

	Great Battles in the History of Belarusian Nation
		The battle which took place on July, 15, 1410, near Grunwald (Prussia at the time, now in Northern Poland) was hard and severe and the crusaders were utterly defeated by the united troops.
		The Battle of Vorsha was one of the targets in XVI c Europe.
		Every year Belarusians mark anniversary of the Battle at Vorsha by the minstrel festival at the place of the battle near Krapiwna and Dnieper rivers.
	www.belarusguide.com /cities/castles/battles.html (645 words)

	Battle of Tannenberg
		Battle of Tannenberg 1410 AD Between the Teutonic Knights and the Polish/Lithuanian army.
		The battle would be know as Tannenberg to the Germans, Grunwald to the Polish and Zalgiris to the Lithuanians.
		The battle began shortly after 9am with the light horse of both sides skirmishing in the middle and the Orders cannon started a bombardment of the Union troops.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /matthaywood/main/Battle_of_Tannenberg.htm (2563 words)

	The Battle of Grunwald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This was The Battle of Grunwald, which recalled one of the most important events in Polish history, that is, the defeat of the power of the Teutonic Knights.
		It is the largest of Matejko's paintings and it is regarded as a masterpiece of battle scene painting.
		On 28 September 1878, the exhibition of The Battle of Grunwald opened in Cracow.
	artyzm.com /matejko/grunwald/e_grunwald.htm (275 words)

	A Short History of the Lipka Tatars of the White Horde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At that time it was a very war of survival for Poland and Lithuania and, to the present day, the victory at the Battle of Grunwald is one of the basic elements of historical consciousness for all Poles, including those of Tatar descent.
		Grand Duke Witold at the Battle of Grunwald, preliminary sketch for the painting by Jan Matejko
		The deciding battle was played out in September-October at the township of Zurawno where for three weeks, the Turkish army ineffectively laid siege to the camp of the Polish King.
	www.angelfire.com /jazz/ntstar/history.htm (6773 words)

	Wojciech Kossak - Wikimedia Commons
		Wojciech Kossak (1857-1942) was a Polish painter and member of the celebrated Kossak family of painters and writers.
		Battle of Olszynka Grochowska, oil on canvas, 1886.
		Battle of Raszyn (1809), oil on canvas, 1913.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Wojciech_Kossak (132 words)

	THE BATTLE OF GRUNWALD
		This was going to be one of the most decisive battles of the world, and of all times - an immense clash of arms which would determine the history of Eastern Europe and the destiny of the two emerging nations, Lithuania and Poland.
		Vitaut would participate in the battle as one of the Allied commanders, but actually he would be the Leader of the army.
		When Jahaila(Yagailla) saw his cousin coming back to the battle, he released a contingent of his knights who had not yet seen battle, and when these fresh warriors joined the battle, the line of Teutons was slowly driven back.
	grunwald.iatp.by /battl-e.htm (2959 words)

	Medieval Weapon Art - HISTORY - Medieval Times
		In a normal battle this would have signalled the defeat of the army to which the flag belonged, and the Crusaders so interpreted it, with hundreds of knights rushing to kill the hypothetically fallen king, and disperse his immediate entourage.
		When Jagiello saw his cousin coming back to the battle, he released a contingent of his knights who had not yet seen battle, and when these fresh warriors joined the battle, the line of Crusaders was slowly driven back.
		The Battle of Grunwald is the most important battle in history for both nations.
	www.mwart.com /history.asp (6015 words)

	Krakow \| News \| Weekend Warriors Re-enact Historic Battle
		Some 50,000 spectators were on hand to witness the mock fighting on the ancient Grunwald plain in north-east Poland, Polish Radio reported.
		The battle was joined by knights from across Poland, as well as goodly sirs from Belarus, England, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and the Ukraine.
		Held on July 15, 1410 the greatest clash of medieval times is also known as the Battle of Tannenberg to Germans and the Battle of Zalgiris to Lithuanians.
	www.cracow-life.com /news/news/73-Weekend_Warriors_Re-enact_Historic_Battle (231 words)

	Poland
		Since the 15th century the Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg) was shrouded in legend and inflamed feelings in Poland especially after the divisions of the kingdom at the end of the 18th century.
		So it was no coincidence that Jan Matejko painted his picture of the Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg) shortly after the abortive Polish insurrection and the renewed growth of Prussian power resulting from the founding of the German Empire in 1871.
		Jan Matjeko portrays the battle in his monumental painting, which itself is venerated as a national monument.
	www.dhm.de /ausstellungen/mythen/english/polen.html (1201 words)

	Jan Matejko
		His most famous painting is undoubtedly the masterpiece "The Battle at Grunwald", executed 1878, and which has been reproduced on stamps a number of times.
		Commemorating the 550th anniversary of the Battle at Grunwald.
		The reason for Lithuania to issue this stamp was that Lithuanian troops took part in the battle on the Polish side.
	arthistory.heindorffhus.dk /frame-Matejko.htm (1030 words)

	Polish Arts Club of Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Among the ancient roots of Polish patriotism, one of the oldest is the anthem Bogurodzica (God's Mother).
		Originating in the 13th century, it was sung by Polish knights as they rode into battle.
		The film recreates the 1410 Battle of Grunwald where the combined Polish-Lithuanian Armies defeated the Teutonic Knights, the German Military Monastic Order, in what is said to have been the biggest battle of the middle ages.
	pacb.bfn.org /calendar/Bogurodzica.html (574 words)

	The Battle of Grunwald 1410
		Both sides, with flags flying, and the sounds shouting and singing, came to join the wild battle that the Lithuanians and Krzyzacy were engaged in.
		In a normal battle this would have signalled the defeat of the army to which the flag belonged, and the Krzyzacy so interpreted it, with hundreds of knights rushing to kill the hypothetically fallen king, and disperse his immediate entourage.
		When Jagiello saw his cousin coming back to the battle, he released a contingent of his knights who had not yet seen battle, and when these fresh warriors joined the battle, the line of Krzyzacy was slowly driven back.
	www.kresy.co.uk /grunwald.html (6155 words)

	[No title]
		Philip of Burgundy, Grand Chamberlain of France at The Battle of Agincourt 1415.
		Knight of Holy Roman Empire, of the German nation, at The Battle of Grunwald 1410.
		Battle of Bosworth: Death of King Richard III, 1485
	www.realminiatures.com /products.html (1137 words)

	Andrzej Wajda
		Landscape After the Battle opens to the narratively silent symphony of a concentration camp liberation, as haggard yet jubilant prisoners run out into the snow-covered open field, break the windows of the internment barracks, impulsively undress and toss their degrading uniforms onto a blazing bonfire, and rejoice at the arrival of the Allied soldiers.
		Based on the stories, Battle of Grunwald and This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen, by writer and concentration camp survivor Tadeusz Borowski, Landscape After the Battle is a poignant, caustic, and resigned portrait of despair, cultural estrangement, and alienation of Poland's postwar generation.
		Weaving an ever-increasingly elaborate (and inextricable) web of social networking, seduction, and sabotage, the story of the ambitious, young entrepreneurs invariably captures the zeitgeist of turn of the century Poland as the country experienced the euphoria and turmoil of rapid industrialization and unbridled capitalism.
	www.filmref.com /directors/dirpages/wajda.html (1149 words)

	The Battle ofTannenburg- A Scenario for Days of Knights
		At the rear of the main battle stood three squadrons of elite Polish knights, led by the King himself.
		The Polish centre responded with a slow wheel to its left as we ll, out of fear that its right flank battle was not strong enough to withstand the advancing heavy horse of the German right.
		The Polish right battle suddenl y collapsed under the German attack and the Polish left-flank Marshall was abruptly captured just as von Juningen began to move his reserve squadrons to help relieve the pressure on what, moments before, had been a badly-pressed wing.
	members.shaw.ca /kblackley/tannen.htm (924 words)

	Andrzej Wajda. Official Website of Polish movie director - Films - "Landscape After Battle"
		The same bitterness is visible in Bitwa pod Grunwaldem [Battle of Grunwald], even though, in this case, Borowski's story takes place after the war, in a DP camp somewhere in Germany.
		Landscape After the Battle is the arena of a raging debate about the significance of such notions as homeland, country, nation; a debate as important today as it was in 1945.
		What matters for Tadeusz is a country of landscapes of all the battles: won, lost, and still continuing.
	www.wajda.pl /en/filmy/film15.html (870 words)

	Archive content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On July 15th, 2000, President of the Republic of Poland Aleksander Kwasniewski and President of the Republic of Lithuania Valdas Adamkus took part in celebrations of the 590th anniversary of the Battle of Grunwald.
		The Grunwald victory shows how great a value is friendship between nations, how much can be done when forces are joined and alliance treaties observed.
		The presidents exchanged information on the situation in both countries in connection with the presidential elections in Poland and parliamentary elections in Lithuania and discussed some regional and international issues related to their aspirations connected with European structures.
	www.president.pl /x.node?id=2011993&eventId=1507876 (685 words)

	Malbork - TheBestLinks.com - Malborg, Alps, Battle of Grunwald, Europe, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Malborg, Malbork, Alps, Battle of Grunwald, Europe, Hanseatic League, Poland...
		The city later became a member of the Hanseatic League, and many Hanse meetings were held there.
		After the Battle of Tannenberg, the castle was sold by the Bohemian king's soldiers in lieu of their pay to the king of Poland.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Malborg.html (314 words)

	Poland.pl galleries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A battle between Polish and Teutonic Knights is being staged at Grunwald, northern Poland, to mark Poland's historic victory of 1410.
		Some 1500 knights are taking part in the play battle, while about 80 thousand have gathered around the fields to admire the victory of joint Polish and Lithuanian forces.
		The Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg) is one of the major battles of the Middle Ages.
	www.poland.pl /gallery/gallery_desc,The_battle_of_Grunwald,gal_id,178124,category_id,4,what,new.htm (103 words)

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