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Topic: Battle of Guadalajara

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	Events of the Spanish Civil War - Table - MSN Encarta
		Battle of Jarama begins on February 6; it results in a stalemate, although both sides suffer serious casualties.
		Republican troops defeat Italian troops in the Battle of Guadalajara.
		Battle of Brunete begins when Republican troops break through Nationalist lines; the battle ends on July 25 without a decisive victory.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461547043/Events_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War.html (799 words)

	Guadalajara, Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Guadalajara is a city and municipality in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain.
		It is the capital of the province of Guadalajara.
		The Mexican city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, was founded by Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán, a native of the Spanish Guadalajara.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guadalajara,_Spain (244 words)

	Markham Designs : Guadalajara, 1937
		For those unfamiliar with the battle, it pits the Nationalist forces of Franco (represented by the Moroccan forces) and the "volunteers" from fascist Italy (including the Black Arrow and Black Flame Divisions).
		The battle was a wild, see-saw affair with the initial surge of the Nationalists countered by an aggressive counter-attack by the Republicans.
		The Battles of the Spanish Civil War system is designed to provide a common system for combat that occurred during the Spanish Civil War.
	markhamdesigns.tripod.com /guad37.html (4927 words)

	FIFA.com The Official web site of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association
		Guadalajara, who field only Mexican players, scored after 15 minutes and held out for the win on Sunday.
		Guadalajara dominated America in the first half and almost opened the scoring when Manual Sol's long-range shot was tipped over the crossbar by America goalkeeper Guillermo Ochoa.
		Guadalajara came close to extending the lead in the final minutes when Ochoa tipped an Omar Bravo header over the bar.
	www.fifa.com /en/print/article/0,4039,115152,00.html (372 words)

	Spanish Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		José Antonio Primo de Rivera son of dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera and founder of the Falange is in a jail in Alicante where he had been held prisoner before the insurgency.
		The Battle of Guadalajara another attempt to isolate Madrid.
		The government now launched an all-out campaign reconnect their territory in the Battle of Ebro beginning on July 24 and lasting until November 26.
	www.freeglossary.com /Spanish_Civil_War (3271 words)

	Guadalajara, Toluca battle for Mexican League title \| Chron.com - Houston Chronicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Having won every postseason home game this season, the Chivas of Guadalajara figure the best chance at garnering their first title in nearly 10 years lies in winning at Jalisco Stadium and holding down the fort in the away game.
		Guadalajara and Toluca, the cities, and tens of millions in Mexico and around the world including Houston will come to a virtual standstill for 90 minutes tonight when the Chivas and Diablos engage in the first leg of La gran final, the grand finale of the winter or Apertura tournament.
		Guadalajara and Toluca previously have played five postseason series since the introduction of short tournaments and playoffs in 1996 — the Diablos have won four — but never a final.
	www.chron.com /disp/story.mpl/sports/4384960.html (713 words)

	Guadalajara, Spain
		Guadalajara, chief town of its province, situated above the left bank of the Río Henares some 56km/35mi from Madrid, is now very much under the influence of the capital.
		The powerful Mendoza family, who gained possession of Guadalajara in the 14th century, left their mark on the town.
		During the Spanish Civil War, in March 1937, the "battle of Guadalajara" between Republican and Italian forces was fought at Brihuega, northeast of the town.
	www.planetware.com /spain/guadalajara-e-cast-gua.htm (115 words)

	indymedia beirut \| CKUT Radio: The Battle of Guadalajara Mexico - A Radio Documentar \| 13.12.2004 18:21
		Listen to a radio documentary, on the May 2004 street demonstrations in Guadalajara Mexico against the 3rd Summit of the ALCUE, which gathered representatives from 25 European countries, joined by 33 of their Latin American and Caribbean counterparts.
		In May 2004 the streets of Guadalajara were filled with thousands of voices, who issued a resounding rejection of the ALCUE summit and the "free trade" economic model in North America, based on the exploitation of the people, cultures and lands of Mexico.
		The Guadalajara demonstrations, were faced with severe repression at the hands of the Mexican state, who mounted a police and state security forces operation to repress the popular demonstrations.
	beirut.indymedia.org /ar/2004/12/2042.shtml (419 words)

	Spanish Civil War - Charles' George Orwell Links
		Republican sympathizers proclaimed it as a struggle between "tyranny and democracy", or "fascism and liberty." Franco, on the other hand, viewed it as a battle between the "red hordes" of communism and "civilization," or the traditional, conservative values of Spain.
		Battle of Madrid ends; with both sides exhausted a front stabilizes.
		The naval battle at Cape Palos (a Nationalist heavy cruiser Baleares is sunk by Republican destroyers).
	www.netcharles.com /orwell/articles/col-spanishcivilwar.htm (3188 words)

	Tejano Association for Historical Preservation
		The Battle of Puebla was a very important battle between the Mexican army and an invading force of French troops that took place in Puebla, Mexico in 1862.
		During these years, Mexico was engaged in a fierce battle for control of the state by various groups of liberals interested in curtailing the power of the military and the church and of conservatives interested in maintaining their privileges in the society.
		[15] He fought in the battle of Guadalajara in defense of the reformist principles of the constitution and in 1860 he participated in the battle of Calpulalpan, which ended the war.
	www.tejanoahp.org /news/news1204.htm (4908 words)

	Fighting for Freedom in the Name of Garibaldi The Garibaldi Battalion in the Spanish Civil War October, 1936 to July, ...
		That first battle was the attack at the Cerro de los Angeles, the heights near Colmenares that provided the Nationalists with a prized vantage point, occupied by Moroccan dismounted cavalry.
		The battle of Guadalajara, since it featured a pitched fight with Italian troops on both sides (the Garibaldi against the Blackshirts), understandably became very famous, so it is described here in greater detail.
		After the battle proper, the XII IB was committed to the half-hearted pursuit of the retreating Blackshirts until March, 24th 1937.
	www.magweb.com /tourmw/aband/v4n3/ab43garc.htm (3653 words)

	World Cup 2002 with Franz Beckenbauer - Naharnet
		According to Pele, Mexico 70 was also the scene of his most unforgettable match, which ironically was one of the few in which he did not score a goal: Brazil's 1-0 win against England.
		Even though it took place in the opening rounds of the tournament, Pele considers that the battle fought in Guadalajara confirmed the game's media billing as the anticipated final, bringing together the defending champions England and two-time champions Brazil, who won in 1958 and 1962.
		It meant that Brazil won their group, could stay in Guadalajara and avoid West Germany in the quarter-finals.
	web.naharnet.com /worldcup/story.asp?id=80 (735 words)

	The NYMAS Newsletter - Winter 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Rhea is very good at describing the physical appearance of the battlefield, and it is fairly obvious that he has spent much time walking the fields and researching descriptions of their appearance in 1864.
		His research on both battles was exhuastive, combing through a wide range of published and unpublished sources.
		In addition, the work includes treatment of what is perhaps the most forgotten major battle of the war, Springfield, fought on June 23, 1780, which more or less put the damper on the last British attempt to undertake an overland campaign in the central theater.
	libraryautomation.com /nymas/NWSLTR7.html (3146 words)

	Presidio La Bahia - General Ignacio Zaragoza
		He fought in the battle of Guadalajara, and in 1860 he participated in the battle of Calpulalpan, which ended the war.
		Although the French captured Mexico City the next summer, the costly delay at Puebla is believed to have shortened the French intervention in Mexico and changed its outcome, since the French were planning to aid Confederate forces in Texas during the Civil War.
		In addition, the battle rekindled the spirit of the Mexican people to win and preserve their independence.
	www.presidiolabahia.org /zaragosa.htm (593 words)

	The Spanish Civil War: An Overview--by Cary Nelson
		The first battles in the field, still in mid-July, took place over the mountain passes that would have given the rebels access to the capital city of Madrid.
		In March an overconfident Italian-Spanish force commanded by one of Mussolini's Generals, Mario Roatta, suffered an embarrassing defeat at the battle of Guadalajara, northeast of Madrid.
		The battle of Brunete in the unbelievable heat of July of 1937 was followed by Quinto and Belchite in August and Fuentes de Ebro in October.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/scw/overview.htm (3986 words)

	Spanish Vehicle and Ordnance Notes
		Many of these tankettes were lost or captured during the battle of Guadalajara where the CV 3-35, armed only with a machine gun, showed itself unable to stand up to cannon bearing Russian T-25’s used by the Republican Forces.
		Their common feature was the use of an 8mm Hotchkiss machine gun mounted in a revolving turret on the top of the truck along with the secondary armament provided by up to 6-16 rifles with viewports mostly to the sides.
		It was not unknown for shells to be withheld from a battle for purely political reasons, forcing Republican generals to order their guns to fire blanks as the only available ammunition, in order to keep up friendly morale.
	www.santacruzchronicles.com /scwveh.html (4555 words)

	La Cucaracha Spanish Civil War Diary March 1937 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		After the stalemated battle of the Jarama, General Franco is under pressure from his allies to strike again quickly, and to win, without obliging them to constantly greater investments and international risks.
		Low-flying fighters are machine-gunning the stalled truck columns while vintage 1918 Breguets, which had survived the summer air battles, run bombing missions.
		The political leaders of the IB Garibaldi battalion, consisting of Italian volunteers on Republican side, Vittorio Vidal and Luigi Longo, are mounting a propaganda campaign intending to destroy the morale of the CTV.
	lacucaracha.info /scw/diary/1937/march/index.htm (891 words)

	guadalajara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This is the building at La Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara where all of my classes are.
		A fountain in the center of Guadalajara with the cathedral in the background and a picture of the inside of the cathedral.
		When we were in the cathedral there was a wedding going on and also people giving their confessions out in the open.
	students.ou.edu /P/Shelby.D.Park-1/guadalajara.html (412 words)

	MrDonn.org - Colonial Mexico - Events Leading to Mexican Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Hidalgo's army won the battle, but their losses were huge.
		Actual casualty numbers are unknown because during the battle and immediately thereafter, large numbers of Hidalgo's army deserted.
		The next time Hidalgo and his supporters met the Royalist Army in battle, near Guadalajara, Hidalgo and his army were defeated.
	k12west.mrdonn.org /ColonialMexico.html (3587 words)

	1937 - What happened in 1937 ?
		Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces hand the Italian forces a grave defeat at the Battle of Guadalajara.
		Spanish Civil War: Peandntilde;a Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco.
		Battle of Nanjing concludes with the Japanese victory and the fall of the city which became the site of the Nanjing Massacre
	www.spiritus-temporis.com /1937 (653 words)

	Anarchist Encyclopedia: Cipriano Mera Sanz Page (1897-1975), Spanish anarchist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The legendary Mera died in 1975, to such an impressive turn out in Paris of anarcho-syndicalist veterans that even British TV featured it...
		In March of 1937 a new offensive on Madrid was initiated by the Italian fascists.
		They based the attack in Guadalajara, about 25 miles from the Capital.
	recollectionbooks.com /bleed/Encyclopedia/MeraCipriano.htm (299 words)

	The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Offers chapters on the battles of Madrid, Guadalajara, Ebro, and Catalonia, the war in the north, the propaganda war, Brunete offensive, war in Aragon, winter fighting of Teruel, Soviet advisors, etc.
		Provides sections on the Popular Front election, international intervention, military developments in 1936, the assault on Madrid, Guadalajara and the unification of Nationalist Spain, the war in the north, Ebro and the Fall of Catalonia, etc.
		Coverdale, John F. The Battle of Guadalajara, 8-22 March 1937.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/spain/spainw.htm (1620 words)

	The People Armed:Women in the Spanish Revolution
		In the heat of the battle and with limited arms it was only logical that guns went to those who already knew how to use them.
		It was only after the battle of Guadalajara, in May 1937, that women were asked to leave the front, as the government demanded incorporation of the militia into regular army units.
		During the bitter battle at Jarama in 1937, another International Brigader Tom Clarke, described the courage of a small group of Spanish women: "I remember there was a bit of a retreat.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/spain/women_afa.html (3764 words)

	Quiet Fronts in the Spanish Civil War - Michael Seidman \| libcom.org
		Yet in their devotion to analyzing the famous clashes between the Republic and its enemies, historians have usually ignored quiet fronts, that is, situations in which soldiers of opposing camps in close proximity to one another were not aggressive.
		For every battle injury, there were four, five, or six who had to be discharged or hospitalized because of illness.
		UHP (Union Hermanos Proletarios)."(26) After the Battle of Guadalajara in March 1937, the center was generally quiet.
	libcom.org /library/quiet-fronts-michael-seidman (7968 words)

	List of battles 1901-forward
		1937 Battle of Nanjing - early November to December 13 - Japanese victory after 2 months siege of the capital of Republic of China.
		1942 Battle of Nanos[?] April 18 800 Italian soldiers lay siege 50 Slovene partisans.
		1944 Battle of the Hurtgen Forest[?] Begins in October 6 – Volksturm[?] and German tank unit repulses 8 US infantry regiments and two armored divisions in a 6-month battle.
	www.fastload.org /li/List_of_battles_1901-forward.html (1673 words)

	::Italy and Germany 1936 to 1940::
		At the Battle of Guadalajara, Italians fought Italians — something people in Italy had dreaded.
		Three months after the defeat at Guadalajara, the leader of the Garibaldi Brigade, Carlos Roselli, was found murdered.
		The Spanish Civil War was deeply unpopular in Italy, as many people there could not see what it had to do with them.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /italy_and_germany_1936_to_1.htm (966 words)

	Memoirs of Irish Brigadistas
		In one famous battle at Guadalajara, the Italians were cock-a-hoop and said they did not need any help to fight us.
		Seventy-seven years old, this veteran, who fought on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War, was handed a camera by the BBC last year to film his struggle to achieve a memorial to the members of the international brigade, among them 19 Irishmen, who died at the Battle of Jarama, near Madrid.
		Nineteen Irishmen died in the battle of Jarama.
	www.geocities.com /irelandscw/ibvol-Memoirs.htm (3344 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - World at War - Germany 1936
		Phase 1 was the attack on the province of Castellon by X Armeekorps, XXII Armeekorps and 1, 2 and 3 Panzer Division, the aim was to split the Republican Forces in half and establish a defensive line along the Rio Ebro against an expected counterattack against Castellon from the northern Republican forces.
		Second Battle of Salamanca, Rundstedt reports, ‘Victory’ in the province of Salamanca, XI Armeekorps have defeated divisions of Republican Spain.
		Panzer Division has lost the battle for Guadalajara and are forced to withdraw to the province of Castellon to regroup and reorganize.
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?t=210537 (9289 words)

	A Study of the Revolution in Spain, 1936-1937 by Stuart Christie
		Such a point of view sees efficiency in obedience, and fails to take account of the importance of the will to fight, which derives from what is being fought for.
		In fact, there were only three major victories by the republican side in the war: the original defeat of Franco's revolt, the defence of Madrid and the battle of Guadalajara.
		The first two were won by the spontaneous action of the people, by the committees and militias and through revolutionary enthusiasm, while even in the third, which came after revolutionary hopes began to die, political subversion of enemy troops played a decisive role.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/spain/scRevSpain/intro.html (1163 words)

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