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Topic: Battle of Gumbinnen

	World War One Battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Battle of Gumbinnen was led by Germany's Eighth Army commander General von Prittwitz, on the morning of August 20, 1914.
		The Battle of Charleroi, one of the Battles of the Frontiers, was one of the key battles on the Western Front in 1914, and one of the early major German victories.
		The Battle of Le Cateau was essentially a rearguard action fought by the British in late August 1914, during the general Allied retreat along the Western Front in the face of sustained German successes at the four Battles of the Frontiers.
	webpages.charter.net /wisconsinlegion-7thdistrict/WW1_Battles1.htm (15644 words)

	Hermann von François - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was killed in action leading his men during the Battle of Spicheren on 6 August 1870, only several days before the Battle of Sedan.
		After winning the battle, François obeyed Prittwitz's order and withdrew 15 miles to the west, where three days later he fought Rennenkampf to a draw at the Battle of Gumbinnen.
		Following that battle and a change of overall commanders(Prittwitz was judged to have lost his nerve by the German High Command), François' corps was transferred by rail to the southwest, to confront the Russian Second Army advancing into southern East Prussia under the command of General Alexander Samsonov.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hermann_von_Francois (868 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Battle of Gumbinnen, 1914
		Signalling the first major offensive on the Eastern Front, and following an initial action by the German Eighth Army at Stalluponen on 17 August 1914, the Battle of Gumbinnen was initiated by Eighth Army's commander General von Prittwitz, during the early hours of 20 August.
		Aware that General Samsonov's Russian Second Army was slowly winding its way northwards from the south, Prittwitz decided to engage Rennenkampf's forces, advancing across a 55 km front, at the first available opportunity.
		This action resulted in possibly the greatest triumph of the war, at Tannenberg.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/gumbinnen.htm (480 words)

	Gusev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Before the end of World War II Gusev was part of East Prussia, Germany, and known under its German name Gumbinnen.
		It is situated close to the border with Lithuania, east of Chernyakhovsk.
		In August 1914 a major battle on the eastern front of World War I, the Battle of Gumbinnen, took place here.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gusev (93 words)

	von Rennenkampf, Pavel-Georges Karlovich
		He actively commanded a division-size flank force during the Battle of the Scha Ho, and a corps equivalent force during the Battle of Mukden.
		He was victorious at the Battle of Gumbinnen, but suffered defeat at the Battle of the Masurian Lakes.
		General von Rennenkampf was relieved of command of the army after the Battle of Lodz on 28 November 1914, and soon afterwards retired from the army.
	www.russojapanesewar.com /Rennen.html (881 words)

	List of battles 1901-2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		1915 Battle of Afiun-Kara-Hissar - Turkish assimilation of Armenians
		1942 Battle of Dieppe August 19 - "Operation Jubilee" was an Allied attack on the German occupied port of Dieppe in France.
		1944 Battle of Peleliu September 17 - A fight to capture an airstrip on a speck of coral in the western Pacific.
	www.enlightenweb.net /l/li/list_of_battles_1901_2000.html (2195 words)

	Battle of Tannenberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		After the success at the Battle of Gumbinnen (20 August 1916) the Russian First Army (Rennenkampf) failed to push forward quickly, giving the Germans the opportunity to reorganise following the dismissal of General von Prittwitz.
		The new commander of the Eighth Army, General von Hindenberg and his chief of staff, Ludendorff, arrived in East Prussia on 23 August, with a new plan to halt the Russian offensive which was, in fact, similar to the action already proposed by Max Hoffman, chief of operations under Prittwitz.
		The battle began on Samsonv's right flank when the detached VI Corps ran into Mackensen's XVII Corps, with the help of Below's force the Russians were pushed back.
	www.westernfront.co.uk /thegreatwar/articles/timeline/tannenberg.htm (610 words)

	Battle of Gumbinnen, 20 August 1914 (East Prussia)
		Gumbinnen, battle of, 20 August 1914 (East Prussia)
		General Francois managed to persuade the German command to launch a counterattack, and his own attack, in the centre of the Russian line, drove the Russians back over five miles, but his success was exceptional.
		The battle was a draw, but the failure to inflict a defeat on the Russians caused a panic at the German headquarters which resulted in the replacement of General Prittwitz with the team of Hindenburg and Ludendorff.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_gumbinnen.html (104 words)

	The Battle of Tannenburg
		The Battle of Tannenburg was Russia’s worst defeat in World War One.
		Prittwitz had feared that his army would be encircled after Rennenkampf’s army had defeated the Germans at the Battle of Gumbinnen.
		In this sense, the French at the Battle of the Marne had been helped and the German advance on Paris had been halted.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /battle_of_tannenburg.htm (726 words)

	A Different Great War, after-effects - AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board
		August 5th, 1914—August 12th, 1914: The Battle of Liege is the first major land battle of the war and the first major battle in the Western Front, as German forces cross into Belgium in accordance to the Schlieffen Plan and surround and besiege the city of Liege.
		August 21st—23rd, 1914: The Battle of the Ardennes occurs as the German 5th and 6th Armies begin an attempt to break out of what is rapidly becoming a pocket by attacking to the south, east and west.
		August 5th—12th, 1914: The Battle of Liege is the first major land battle of the war, as German forces invade Belgium and besiege the strategic city of Liege, which lies between the stretch of border the Germans are moving through and the Ardennes Forest, the entrance to the rest of Belgium and later Northern France.
	www.alternatehistory.com /Discussion/showthread.php?p=211550 (7722 words)

	Battle of Gumbinnen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Prussian I Corps (General Hermann von François) launched a strong spoiling attack against Rennenkampf's centre and forced the invading army back to the border, with the loss of 3,000 men.
		General von François himself then withdrew to Gumbinnen (Gusev), 10 miles to the west.
		François, on the German left, launched the attack in front of Gumbinnen at dawn on 20 August, pushing back the Russian right wing, which suffered heavy losses, for about five miles.
	www.westernfront.co.uk /thegreatwar/articles/timeline/gumbinnen.htm (472 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Battle of Stalluponen, 1914
		The first action on the Eastern Front, the Battle of Stalluponen (in present day Lithuania) was fought by a corps of the German Eighth Army against Russian General Rennenkampf's First Army.
		Russia's planned invasion of East Prussia - which comprised a major component of their pre-war strategy, Plan 19 - was two-pronged.
		Prittwitz, encouraged by Francois's initial success, concurred, authorising a much larger attack upon the Russian First Army three days later, on 20 August, at the Battle of Gumbinnen.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/stalluponen.htm (275 words)

	Battle Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Alma, battle of the 20 September 1854 (Crimea)
		Leipzig, battle of ('The Battle of Nations'), 16-18 October 1813
		Thielt (or Hackespol), battle of, 21 June 1128 (Flanders)
	www.rickard.karoo.net /battleframe.html (577 words)

	Rennenkampf, Pavel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Battle of Gumbinnen (20 August) was a confused affair which resulted in a Russian tactical victory.
		The Battle of Tannenberg was finished on 31 August.
		He was defeated in the Battle of the Masurian Lakes 9-14 September) and was forced to retreat from East Prussian soil.
	www.lib.byu.edu /estu/wwi/bio/r/renkampf.html (521 words)

	Warfare HQ Downloads - View Single Post - Tannenberg 1914
		The subsequent battle of Gumbinnen was a stinging defeat for the Germans but did manage to halt the overly cautious Rennenkampf.
		The 1st Battle of the Masurian Lakes ended in a complete rout as Rennenkampf's forces, demoralized by the destruction of 2nd Army, retreated back to Kovno in Russia to lick their wounds.
		The 8th Army was totally unprepared for the decisiveness of their victory and had made no plans to continue the campaign.
	www.warfarehq.com /archives/showpost.php?p=364&postcount=1 (418 words)

	Freefire Zone Forums - Tannenberg 1914
		Samsonov meanwhile, bedevilled by supply and communication problems, was entirely unaware that Rennenkampf had chosen to pause and lick his wounds at Gumbinnen, instead assuming that his forces were continuing their movement south-west.
		Having engaged - unsuccessfully - the heavily entrenched German XX Corps the previous day, 24 August, at the Battle of Orlau-Frankenau, Samsonov had noted what he took to be a general German withdrawal to Tannenberg and beyond.
		Such was the lustre of the victory - combined with later albeit lesser successes at the First and Second Battles of the Masurian Lakes, that Hindenburg later replaced Erich von Falkenhayn as German Chief of Staff, bringing with him to Berlin Ludendorff as his quartermaster general.
	www.freefirezone.net /showthread.php?t=11710 (1785 words)

	The ACG/SZO Discussion Forums - Tannenberg 14 - AAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The battle for Gumbinnen is intense and the city will switch hands repeatedly.
		The situation in the north has become a defensive line battle, the crumbled city of Gumbinnen is about to pass back and forth between Russian and German hands.
		The city of Gumbinnen has ended up in Russian hands, the rest of the battle became a stalemate.
	www.strategyzoneonline.com /forums/showthread.php?t=7126 (1233 words)

	Hermann von Francois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		After winning the battle, Francois obeyed Prittwitz's order and withdrew 15 miles to the west, where three days later he fought Rennenkampf to a draw at the Battle of Gumbinnen.
		Following that battle and a change of overall commanders, Francois' corps was transferred to the southwest, to confront the Russian Second Army advancing into southern East Prussia under the command of General Alexander Samsonov.
		Although not trusted by the new German commanders Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff due to his previous disobedience, Francois played the decisive role in the upcoming Battle of Tannenberg (1914).
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/Hermann-von-Francois.htm (625 words)

	List of battles 1901-forward
		1937 Battle of Nanjing - early November to December 13 - Japanese victory after 2 months siege of the capital of Republic of China.
		1942 Battle of Nanos[?] April 18 800 Italian soldiers lay siege 50 Slovene partisans.
		1944 Battle of the Hurtgen Forest[?] Begins in October 6 – Volksturm[?] and German tank unit repulses 8 US infantry regiments and two armored divisions in a 6-month battle.
	www.fastload.org /li/List_of_battles_1901-forward.html (1673 words)

	Forum Archive #3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Iґm very pleased to hear that their will be a book of yours that contain part of the battle of Gumbinnen.
		David Glantz re: Battle of Gumbinnen (Mar, 15)
		David Glantz re: Battle of Gumbinnen (Mar, 17)
	www.battlefield.ru /forum/archive3/mb.cgi-warclub1+953215454.htm (102 words)

	Baltic Sea, Russian & German Navies 1914
		The bulk of German Eighth Army is therefore moved southwest by train from Gumbinnen.
		The First Battle of Lemberg then takes place through into early September.
		The weaker Austrian right wing on the southeast flank s in trouble with its reinforced Third Army outnumbered three to one by the Russian Third and Eighth Armies.
	www.naval-history.net /WW1AreaBaltic1914.htm (1506 words)

	Jennie Churchill Women's War Work - prepared by Kay Larson's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Even during the raging battle of Mona women and girls found their way fearlessly into the trenches with food and fruit for the fighting men.
		Lyubov--whose name means love--has taken part in four big battles, in her masculine disguise, and had not sickness intervened, she no doubt would still be on the firing-line.
		Her rôle as a man is made more astonishing by the fact that she is described as "pretty, with expressive gazelle eyes, but somewhat too strongly built." When war was declared she went boldly to Smolensk, where she impersonated her reservist brother, who had died a few days previously.
	www.libraryautomation.com /nymas/jenniechurchill.html (18789 words)

	The ACG/SZO Discussion Forums - The case for the German Reich winning in WW1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Russia, still in battle around Gumbinnen and the East-Prussian lake region, at the news of french negotiations, sends the order to its 1st and 2nd armies to fall back on theoir attack lines and wait, thus avoiding the probable defeat that history knows as Battle of Tannenberg.
		Peace falls back in europe after a short, but bloody (one million dead, mainly french and german, in bloody frontal assaults against forts) war, that would become known as the "August war".
		These would still have happened and would surely have shocked the opinion and families, but the war toll would have stopped there.
	www.strategyzoneonline.com /forums/printthread.php?t=26668 (1630 words)

	The world's top hermann von francois websites
		Francois' disobedience was forgotten for the time being, and he was given command of the entire Eighth Army for the battles of the Masurian Lakes the following winter.
		His army played the lead role in winning the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes on February 7, 1915.
		He won the Pour le Merite, Germany's highest military decoration, in May 1915, and had the Oak Leaves attached to it in July 1917, for outstanding perfomance during the Battle of Verdun.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/hermann_von_francois (583 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Subject: GMT's Clash of Giants: initial impressions Date: 28 October 2001 06:22 GMT's Clash of Giants (WWI Battles of Tannenberg, The Marne) arrived on Friday and I had a chance to push the counters around over the weekend.
		I do most of my gaming solitaire, and this game has the things needed to make solo play work in my book: 1) low counter density; 2) lots of variability; and 3) clean, simple rules.
		I'm into turn 12 of the 15-turn Tannenberg game, one I thought would be an easy Russian victory but is turning into a Russian marginal loss after a major battle near Gumbinnen.
	grognard.com /reviews1/cog.txt (504 words)

	Alternate World War One - - Part Two - AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board
		The battle; near Gumbinnen, East Prussia results in a draw, with high casualty rates on both sides.
		Conrad uses his cavalry effectively to spot the Russian forces before they engage in the battle.
		The battle is a stalemate, with Austria- Hungary suffering 60,000 casualties and Russia some 45,000.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=6442 (1255 words)

	1914
		12-21 - Austrian invasion of Serbia halted at the Battle of the Jadar
		3-11- Austrians defeated at Battle of Rava Russka
		1- Battle of Coronel, Hindenburg assumes command on the Eastern Front
	www.libertymemorialmuseum.org /liberty.aspx?pgID=928 (296 words)

	Bro Games
		”, encompasses the opening battles between the Austro-Hungarians and Russians.
		These detailed Orders of Battle encompass the Central Powers’ forces which fought against Imperial Russia in 1914.
		A great deal of time and effort has produced the best Orders of Battle for the time period.
	www.brogames.com (501 words)

	Battle
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	www.brainyhistory.com /topics/b/battle.html (6465 words)

	almanac
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	www.atrifleofthis.com /almanac/august/today_in_history_august_20.htm (811 words)

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