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	Harlem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On September 16, 1776, the Battle of Harlem Heights (also called the Battle of Harlem or Battle of Harlem Plain) was fought in western Harlem around the Hollow Way (now West 125th St.), with conflicts on Morningside Heights to the south and Harlem Heights to the north.
		In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Harlem was the scene of a massive rent strike by neighborhood tenants, led by local activist, who became discredited after he was identified as a member of the Communist Party by witnesses testifying under oath before the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
		Harlem suffered riots in 1934, 1943, 1964, and 1968.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Harlem (1269 words)

	Harlem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Harlem was the scene of a massive rent strike by neighborhood tenants, led by local activist Jesse Gray, who became discredited after he was identified as a member of the Communist Party by witnesses testifying under oath before the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
		Residents of Harlem rioted in 1935, 1943, 1964, 1968, and 1995.
		Malcolm X lived in Harlem and was assassinated in the Audobon Ballroom in Washington Heights in 1965.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harlem,_Manhattan (2509 words)

	AllRefer.com - Harlem, United States (Miscellaneous U.S. Geography) - Encyclopedia
		By the turn of the century Harlem had a large Jewish population; starting around 1910 Harlem became the scene of increasing African-American migration from the South.
		Harlem is the site of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, headed for many years by Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., and the Apollo theater, noted for performances by African-American musicians and entertainers.
		Harlem today is a depressed economic area with considerable unemployment; much of its housing is substandard.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Harlem.html (425 words)

	Battle of Harlem Heights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Harlem Heights was a skirmish in the New York Campaign of the American Revolutionary War.
		It was fought in what is now the Morningside Heights and west Harlem neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City on September 16, 1776.
		Although the battle was generally inconclusive, it served to restore confidence among the Continental forces who had been routed the day before during the Landing at Kip's Bay.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Harlem_Heights (127 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the 1920s, Harlem was the center of a flowering of Black culture that became known as the Harlem Renaissance.
		In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Harlem was the scene of a massive rent strike by neighbourhood tenants, led by local activist Jesse Gray, who became discredited after he was identified as a member of the Communist Party by witnesses testifying under oath before the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
		Harlem was spared most of the rioting that plagued other fl neighborhoods in the 1960s, although it did play host to a relatively minor disturbance in 1964.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Harlem (837 words)

	The Battle of Dettingen 1743
		The Battle of Dettingen is a highly significant victory for the British Army, being the only time in modern history that a British Force has been led into battle by a reigning monarch: King George II.
		Although ostensibly fighting to preserve Flanders from the predations of Louis XV’s French armies, the British army’s presence on the Continent from 1742 was as much to preserve the independence of Hanover; King George II being Elector of Hanover.
		In every battle there is a process of working out what happened and in many instances awkward features are glossed over or rewritten.
	www.britishbattles.com /battle_of_dettingen.htm (1975 words)

	Harlem. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Harlem, residential and business section of upper Manhattan, N.Y. city, bounded roughly by 110th St. (S), the East R. (E) and Harlem R. (NE), 168th St. (NW), Amsterdam Ave.
		Harlem had a large Jewish pop.; starting around 1910 Harlem became the scene of increasing Afr.-Amer.
		Harlem today has a mixture of poverty and some gentrification, in part due to a city policy favoring renovations of abandoned residential bldgs.
	www.bartleby.com /69/29/H01329.html (289 words)

	PUTTEE, OR PUTTIE - LoveToKnow Article on PUTTEE, OR PUTTIE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After the evacuation of Boston he was in command of New York City till Washington's arrival (April 13, 1776), and then was put in general charge of the city's fortifications.
		Immediately before the battle of Long Island he succeeded General John Sullivan in command of the troops on Brooklyn Heights, and in the battle of Long Island (of Aug. 27) he was in immediate command of the American side.
		In the retreat from New York City he commanded one of the three grand divisions, and took part in the battle of Harlem Heights (September 16).
	27.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PU/PUTTEE_OR_PUTTIE.htm (1161 words)

	The American Revolution
		The battles of Lexington and Concord, the Colonist defeat in Quebec.
		The Battle of Eutaw Springs (the seige of Charleston) was the last important battle in the battles for the Carolinas.
		Their first major battle of the war was on May 10, 1775 when they invaded Fort Ticonderoga in New York and under the leadership of Ethan Allen captured the fort from the British.
	www.ceplovi.cz /matej/cizi/his-story.html (17790 words)

	Sign Information
		Evidence of the battle of Harlem Heights appears in records covering the area from 110th Street to at least 164th Street.
		Harlem became a major center of African-American culture, intellectualism, and the arts in the early 1900s, as a cultural explosion known as the Harlem Renaissance made its impact on the national consciousness.
		Harlem was economically devastated during the Great Depression (1929-1940), and the race riots of 1935 marked the end of the Renaissance.
	www.nycgovparks.org /sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=12185 (530 words)

	The Battle of White Plains
		He had constructed strong lines of fortifications across the narrow island, between the Harlem and Hudson Rivers, and redoubts were planted at proper places to defend approaches from the waters and the main land.
		Washington called a council of war, when it was determined to retreat into New Jersey with a large portion of the army, leaving all the New England troops on the east side of the Hudson to defend the passes in the Highlands.
		On the day of the battle at White Plains, Knyphausen, with six German battalions, crossed the Harlem River at Dyckman's Bridge (present head of navigation), and encamped on the plain between Fort Washington and Kingsbridge.
	publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Our_Country_vol_2/battlewhi_jb.html (1953 words)

	Battle of Harlem Heights
		Harlem Plains lay between the American and British armies.
		The patriots who marched from the city to Harlem Heights were drenched by a shower, and slept in the open air that night.
		A few hours later some Virginians under Major Leitch, and Connecticut Rangers commanded by Colonel Knowlton, were engaged in a severe fight, on Harlem Plains, with British infantry and Highlanders, using several pieces of artillery, and commanded by General Leslie, who was in charge of the British advance-guard.
	publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Our_Country_vol_2/battlehar_ij.html (432 words)

	village voice > nyclife > Neighborhoods by Rivka Gewirtz Little
		Named for Hamilton's 19th-century estate, located in adjacent Hamilton Heights, the Grange is one of the few neighborhoods in New York that is at once chock full of historic sites, breathtaking green space, stark brownstones, and a swirl of cultures that spans the continents.
		Crafty real estate brokers renamed the upper part of the area Heritage Heights Village, which could bring the Grange up to 160th Street, where George Washington did his strategizing during the battle of Harlem Heights.
		Harlem School of the Arts (645 St. Nicholas Avenue) gives reasonably priced art lessons, while the world-renowned Dance Theatre of Harlem (466 West 152nd Street) offers dance classes and hosts a mean annual block party.
	www.villagevoice.com /issues/0330/little.php (789 words)

	The Battle of Trenton - 1776
		Winner: The battle was a resounding physical and moral victory for Washington and his American troops.
		The effect of the battle of Trenton was out of all proportion to the numbers involved and the casualties.
		The American effort across the colonies was galvanized and the psychological dominance achieved by the British in the preceding year overturned.
	www.britishbattles.com /battle-trenton.htm (804 words)

	Fraunces Tavern Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The American defenders, overwhelmed by the heavy guns and the numerical superiority of the British, soon retreated in a panic.
		The Battle of Harlem Heights, though a minor engagement, showed the American troops they could win in battle after the loss on Long Island and the embarrassment of Kip's Bay.
		Washington at the Battle of Harlem Plains, Sept. 15, 1776, John Ward Dunsmore.
	www.frauncestavernmuseum.org /war_manhattan.html (1261 words)

	GEN WASHINGTON'S BATTLE ENGAGEMENTS IN 1776 - Archiving Early America
		However, before he withdrew from the city Washington prepared fortifications in upper Manhattan and was able to repulse the British army in the Battle of Harlem Heights.
		In the Battle of White Plains the British inflicted heavy casualties on Washington's army, whereupon Washington slipped away westward to North Castle on November 1.
		Were it not for Washington's skill as a tactician, his courage and daring against overwhelming odds and the inspiration he gave to his troops, England may well have won the War.
	www.earlyamerica.com /earlyamerica/maps/map1 (554 words)

	Community Resources - Columbia University Medical Center
		Place names, historic markers and remnants of fortifications trace the history of the Battle of Harlem Heights and the retreat of the American forces under General George Washington.
		century, Washington Heights became the connecting point between the island and the Bronx, Westchester and the Hudson Valley, and later New Jersey, as the City built bridges and railroads along the Hudson and Harlem River shorelines.
		Washington Heights and Inwood are home to some of the most important remnants of the Colonial Period as well as museums.
	www.cumc.columbia.edu /about/guide/community.html (1252 words)

	Welcome to the Knowlton Family Information Page from Thomas Knowlton Gibson
		On the morning of the fateful battle of Harlem Heights, Knowlton’s Rangers patrolled a small field near the British camp.
		A hand picked unit for height and composed mostly of Highlanders, the Black Watch carried an assortment of weapons and was known for its unusual dress.
		The admiration he earned from his peers and superiors, the military genius displayed at Breed’s Hill and Harlem Heights, the love and respect he gained from his soldiers, and the honor with which he served should be a model for all Military Intelligence Corps’ soldiers to emulate.
	www.knowlton.4t.com (912 words)

	Harlem
		The Harlem Renaissance - The birth of the Harlem Renaissance by Beth Rowen and Borgna Brunner Zora Neale Hurston, 1935...
		Harlem Renaissance: Three Writers - The Harlem Renaissance Three writers and their contemporary counterparts by Jace Clayton For many...
		Harlem Renaissance - Harlem Renaissance, term used to describe a flowering of African-American literature and art in the...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/us/A0822747.html (493 words)

	National Park Service - Colonials and Patriots (Morris-Jumel Mansion)
		Although it was a small-scale affair, the important effects of the battle were immediately evident, including the restoration of the offensive spirit of the American Army following a succession of defeats and retreats.
		In this vicinity the Battle of Harlem Heights was fought on September 16.
		Of particular interest is a suite of three small rooms on the second floor, which served as Washington's quarters during his stay on Harlem Heights.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/colonials-patriots/sitec30.htm (655 words)

	Morris-Jumel Mansion : History
		It was during this period that the General's troops forced a British retreat at the Battle of Harlem Heights.
		With views of the Harlem River, the Bronx, and Long Island Sound to the east, New York City and the harbor to the south, and the Hudson River and Jersey Palisades to the west, Mount Morris proved to be a strategic military headquarters.
		After a twenty-year court battle, which was finally settled by the U.S Supreme Court, the property was divided and sold.
	www.morrisjumel.org /history/index.php?sec=hist (708 words)

	Battle of New York 1776 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Washington fortified the Heights of Guan, a range of hills 100 to 150 feet in height and covered by heavy brush and woods.
		The next day, a brief skirmish took place at Harlem Heights that became known as the Battle of Harlem.
		In this brief battle, several hundred British light infantry were badly mauled by Colonel Thomas Knowlton's Connecticut regiment.
	www.multied.com /Revolt/ny2.html (488 words)

	Battle of Harlem Heights
		Their heaviest concentration was at Harlem Heights, where they were safe from the guns aboard Lord Howe's ships.
		The fighting at Harlem Heights, really on the Harlem Plains, was not a major battle.
		Memorabilia related to Battle of Harlem Heights is at auction on eBay.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1282.html (425 words)

	Chronology21
		Following the Patriots' evacuation of New York City, and the Battle of Harlem Heights, the two armies settled into a period of over a month of waiting for the other to initiate a significant offensive.
		In the early morning hours of 21 September, nearly a week after Harlem Heights, numerous fires broke out in the city of New York.
		Colonel Knowlton was killed in the action near Harlem, and apparently, General Washington had not been made aware of Hale’s volunteering for the dangerous mission.
	www.motherbedford.com /Chronology21.htm (821 words)

	Today in History: September 22
		At the battle of Harlem Heights, Washington, again facing Howe, requested a volunteer to undertake an intelligence mission behind enemy lines.
		George Washington Papers, 1741-1799 to examine letters, communiques, and general orders issued by General Washington during the Harlem Heights campaign, just before and after Nathan Hale's death.
		Battle of Antietam, President Abraham Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, threatening to free all the slaves in the states in rebellion if those states did not return to the Union by January 1, 1863.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/sep22.html (1094 words)

	Harlem on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Harlem's lone Starbuck's looks out on two other newcomers, an Old Navy billboard and a West African immigrant.
		Standing in her bakery, Settepani, Leah Abraham is one of the merchants who have opened shops in Harlem in recent years.
		Harlem A photographer for hire snaps portraits outside the Apollo Theater.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/H/Harlem.asp (719 words)

	QUICK CAT #1: Philadelphia Rare Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Proceedings of the Wyoming Commemorative Association on the occasion of the 116th anniversary of the battle and massacre of Wyoming, July 3rd, 1894.
		Report of the proceedings of the Wyoming Commemorative Association, on the occasion of the 117th anniversary of the battle and massacre of Wyoming, July 3rd, 1895.
		Report of the proceedings of the Wyoming Commemorative Association, on the occasion of the 118th anniversary of the battle and massacre of Wyoming, July 3rd, 1896.
	www.prbm.com /qcats/qcat1.htm (1948 words)

	Battle of Harlem Heights -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Battle of Harlem Heights was a skirmish in the (Click link for more info and facts about New York Campaign) New York Campaign of the (The revolution of the American colonies against Great Britain; 1775-1783) American Revolutionary War.
		About 70 were killed on each side, including the American Lieutenant Colonel (Click link for more info and facts about Thomas Knowlton) Thomas Knowlton.
		Although the battle was generally inconclusive, it served to restore confidence among the Continental forces who had been routed the day before during the (Click link for more info and facts about Landing at Kip's Bay) Landing at Kip's Bay.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/battle_of_harlem_heights.htm (121 words)

	Manhattanville Timeline
		The Dutch village of Nieuw Haarlem is incorporated at present-day East 125th Street near the Harlem River.
		All Manhattan above this so-called "Harlem Line" constitutes New Harlem, although the village proper is a Harlem River shoreline enclave.
		On September 16, the Battle of Harlem Heights begins in the "Hollow Way," as the valley is known in the general orders of Gen. George Washington and in Revolutionary War records.
	home.earthlink.net /~mvilleheritage/id6.html (483 words)

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