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	List of battles 1400 BC-600 AD
		Battle of Himera[?] The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon[?] of Syracuse.
		316 BC Battle of Lautulae[?] The Romans are defeated by the Samnites.
		225 BC Battle of Faesulae[?] The Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_battles_1400_BC-600_AD.html (4447 words)

	Carthage - Crystalinks
		In 509 BC a treaty was signed between Carthage and Rome indicating a division of influence and commercial activities.
		In 315 BC Agathocles, the tyrant of Syracuse, seized the city of Messene (present-day Messina).
		In 311 BC he invaded the last Carthaginian holdings on Sicily, breaking the terms of the current peace treaty, and laid siege to Akragas.
	www.crystalinks.com /carthage.html (3393 words)

	Carthage
		By the beginning of the 5th century BC, Carthage was the commercial center of the region (a position it would retain until overthrown by the Roman Republic).
		In 315 BC Agathocles, the Tyrant of Syracuse, seized the city of Messene (present-day Messina).
		In 311 BC he invaded the last Carthaginian holdings on Sicily, breaking the terms of the current peace treaty and laying siege to Acragas.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/c/ca/carthage.html (1723 words)

	Hamilcar
		A Hamilcar led the Carthaginian forces at the Battle of Himera in 480 BC.
		Another Hamilcar, grandson to Hanno the Great, led a campaign against Syracuse between 311 BC and 307 BC, before being captured and killed.
		Hamilcar Barca was Carthage's general during the First Punic War, and was the father of Hannibal, the famed general of the Second Punic War.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/h/ha/hamilcar.html (119 words)

	Carthage Encyclopedia Article @ Leaned.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In 315 BC Agrigentum, the tyrant of Syracuse, seized the city of October 15 (present-day Messina).
		In 311 BC he invaded the last Carthaginian holdings on Sicily, breaking the terms of the current peace treaty, and laid siege to.
		Between 280 BC and 275 BC, incense waged two major campaigns in an effort to protect and extend the influence of the Macedonians in the western Mediterranean: one against the emerging power of the Aeneas in southern Italy, the other against Carthage in Sicily.
	www.leaned.net /encyclopedia/Carthage (7763 words)

	Carthago -- History and Mythology
		During the 6th C. it began to interfere in the affairs of cities in W. Sicily and beyond; with its defeat of a Phocian fleet at the battle of Alalia (off Corsica) in 535 BC, Carthage was free to extend its influence to Sicily, Sardinia and even Spain.
		The Carthaginian engagement of the Sicilian Greeks in 480 BC at the same time as the Persians under Xerxes were invading Greece seems to have been part of a coordinated plan that met with failure.
		Carthage's subsequent revival of fortune in the first half of the 2nd C. BC led Rome to decide to neutralize the potential threat posed by Carthage once and for all by destroying the city and annexing its territory.
	iam.classics.unc.edu /loci/144/144_hist.html (1310 words)

	Bangla Forum Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Carthage was a superpower, contemporaneously with the Roman Republic of the 2nd and 3rd Century BC, and was its rival for dominance of the western Mediterranean.
		By 480 BC Gelo, the tyrant of Greek Syracuse, backed in part by support from other Greek city-states, was attempting to unite the island under his rule.
		Between 280 BC and 275 BC, Pyrrhus of Epirus waged two major campaigns in an effort to protect and extend the influence of the Macedonians in the western Mediterranean: one against the emerging power of the Roman Republic in southern Italy, the other against Carthage in Sicily.
	www.banglaforum.com /encyclopedia.html?title=Carthage (7855 words)

	Carthage
		By 480 BC Gelo, the tyrant of Greek Syracuse, backed in part by support from other Greek city-states, was attempting to unite the island under his rule.
		In 311 BC he invaded the last Carthaginian holdings on Sicily, breaking the terms of the current peace treaty, and laid siege to Akragas.
		Between 280 BC and 275 BC, Pyrrhus of Epirus waged two major campaigns in an effort to protect and extend the influence of the Macedonians in the western Mediterranean: one against the emerging power of the Roman Republic in southern Italy, the other against Carthage in Sicily.
	www.wikipedia-mirror.co.za /wiki/Carthage (7812 words)

	Hamilcar
		A Hamilcar led the Carthaginian forces at the Battle of Himera in 480 BC.
		Another Hamilcar, grandson to Hanno the Great, led a campaign against Syracuse between 311 BC and 307 BC, before being captured and killed.
		Hamilcar Barca was Carthage's general during the First Punic War, and was the father of Hannibal, the famed general of the Second Punic War.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/h/ha/hamilcar.html (112 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Carthage - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In the 10th century BC, the eastern Mediterranean shore was inhabited by various Semitic-speaking populations.
		By 480 BC, Gelo, the tyrant of Greek Syracuse, backed in part by support from other Greek city-states, was attempting to unite the island under his rule.
		Between 280 and 275 BC, Pyrrhus of Epirus waged two major campaigns in an effort to protect and extend the influence of the Macedonians in the western Mediterranean: one against the emerging power of the Roman Republic in southern Italy, the other against Carthage in Sicily.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Carthage (8058 words)

	Agathocles - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Agathocles (361 BC - 289 BC), tyrant of Syracuse (317 BC - 289 BC) and king of Sicily (304 BC - 289 BC).
		In 317 BC he returned with an army of mercenaries under a solemn oath to observe the democratic constitution which was then set up.
		In 311 BC Agathocles was besieged and defeated in Syracuse in battle of Himera.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=1840 (432 words)

	Europa Barbarorum
		Around 814 BC, Carthage - meaning 'new city,' was founded by the Tyrian Queen Elissa, fleeing the tyrrany of her brother King Pygmalion in Tyre.
		Her flight from the island city was prompted by her brother's assassination of her husband, the priest of Melqart, leading a number of prominent nobles and former royal attendants to accompany her in flight.
		By 410 BC Carthage had lost it's colonies in Iberia, but had replaced them with new ones in North Africa, as well as an expansion of their territory beyond the great inland Sea of North Africa and into the Libyan coast.
	www.europabarbarorum.com /factions_karthadastim_history.html (1545 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In 409 BC, Hannibal Mago led the new expion to Sicily.
		The primary enemy of Syracuse, however, remained untouched, and in 405 BC Hannibal Mago led a second Carthaginian expion to claim the entirety of the island.
		In 311 BC he invaded the last Carthaginian holdings on Sicily, breaking the terms of the current peace treaty and laying siege to
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Carthage.html (2762 words)

	Thread: Battles in 1st Expansion \| BoardGameGeek
		Himera 490 BC Not sure here—there is an important battle between Syracusan Gelo and Carthaginian Hamilcar (one of many) on Sicily but it takes place in 480, not 490, and said to be on the same day as the sea battle of Salamis.
		If it's the 480 battle, this will be interesting, as one aspect of the Carthaginian loss was that their expectation of Greek allies joining their army was "disappointed" when the people they let into their camp turned out to be enemies.
		Hellespont 321 BC Half-way a “stump the band” situation—the only battle I find by that name was a naval action in 323, but there was one (of the many) “Successors” battles in 321 described as “near the Hellespont,” Eumenes vs Craterus, and Craterus was killed.
	www.boardgamegeek.com /article/1073345 (1246 words)

	Carthage
		By 410 BC Hannibal (son of Gisco and grandson of Hamilcar) was the 'king' of Carthage.
		He was born in 246 BC and succeeded Hasdrubal the Elder as commander in chief of the Carthaginian military in 221 BC.
		In 209 BC Scipio pounced on Carthago Nova in a surprise attack by land and sea and conquered it.
	www.roman-empire.net /republic/carthage.html (11441 words)

	Carthage
		Small battles had been fought between these settlements for centuries, but in 480 BC it became the staging ground for the first major Carthaginian military campaign.
		The primary enemy of Syracuse, however, remained untouched, and in 405 BC Hannibal Mago led a second Carthaginian expedition to claim the entirety of the island.
		In 311 BC he invaded the last Carthaginian holdings on Sicily, breaking the terms of the current peace treaty and laying siege to Acragas.
	www.gamesinathens.com /olympics/c/ca/carthage.shtml (1703 words)

	History of Europe - Total War Center Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In 411 BC, the Athenian navy defeated the Spartan navy at Syme.
		By 311 BC, Antigonus was in a position that left him in sniffing distance of the Macedonian mainland with a large chunk of Asia under his control.
		Rome continued to battle the forces around her until by 397 BC she was firmly in control of central Italy.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?p=521879 (19423 words)

	Phoenicia, Phoenicians and Punic: Carthaginian History
		Dionysius capitalizes and defeats Himilco in pitched battle.
		Mago's son Himilco defeats Dionysius near Himera -- truce favorable to Carthage concluded.
		311 Agathocles lays siege to Acragas and crosses the Halcyus, violating the peace treaty.
	phoenicia.org /carthtimeline.html (1333 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 311 BC - Calendar Encyclopedia
		Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC
		June 1 - Seleucus reestablishes himself as Satrap of Babylonia, which the Seleucid dynasty was to consider its foundation.
		Seleucus is left to fend for himself against Antigonus, and it is agreed by all parties that the young king Alexander IV, son of Alexander the Great, will become king of the whole empire when he comes of age in 305 BC.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /311_BC.htm (228 words)

	Carthage information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Traditionally, the city was founded by Dido (or Elissa) (Dido fled from Tyre after her younger brother killed her husband to become the ruler), and a number of foundation myths have survived through Greek and Roman literature.
		Around 1000 BC, the eastern Mediterranean shore was settled by various Semitic populations ("Semitic" is a linguistic term referring to a group of related languages including Arabic, Hebrew and Aramaic).
		By 480 BC Gelo, the tyrant of Greek Syracuse, backed in part by Greek support, was attempting to unite the island under his rule.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Carthage (5529 words)

	Carthage : Exploring Essential Information, Data and Explanation.
		Himera, before returning triumphantly to Carthage with the spoils of war.
		Gela, and repeatedly defeating the army of Dionysius, the new Tyrant of Syracuse, he, too, was weakened by the plague and forced to sue for peace before returning to Carthage.
		In 311 BC he invaded the last Carthaginian holdings on Sicily, breaking the terms of the current peace treaty and laying siege to Akragas.
	www.llpoh.org /Styles_and_Architecture/Carthage.html (2597 words)

	Carthage information - Search.com
		Traditionally, the city was founded by Dido (or Elissa) (Dido fled from Tyre after her younger brother killed her husband to become the ruler), and a number of foundation myths have survived through Greek and Roman literature.
		Around 1000 BC, the eastern Mediterranean shore was settled by various Semitic populations ("Semitic" is a linguistic term referring to a group of related languages including Arabic, Hebrew and Aramaic).
		By 480 BC Gelo, the tyrant of Greek Syracuse, backed in part by Greek support, was attempting to unite the island under his rule.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Carthage (5544 words)

	Wikipedia: 311 BC
		Decades: 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC
		316 BC 315 BC 314 BC 313 BC 312 BC 311 BC 310 BC 309 BC 308 BC 307 BC 306 BC
		Battle of Himera - The Carthaginian general Hamilcar defeats the tyrant Agathocles of Syracuse.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/3/31/311_bc.html (125 words)

	Empires of the Ancient World - Scenarios
		It is thought to be around 814 BC that Elissa (Dido), sister of the Phoenician King of Tyre, sailed to Africa to found Carthage (which means new settlement).
		He was successful in the early land battles, but then had to settle in to a siege of Salamis.
		In the middle of the last century BC, the most important of these men were Marcus Crassus, a sharp financier, Pompey, wunderkind son of a famous general and Caesar, a brilliant up and comer.
	spotlightongames.com /variant/eotaw.html (6165 words)

	Viva la Assyria! - Alternate History Discussion Board
		The Athenian Army moves Westward and in the Battle of Ambracia is Defeated by the core Macedonian Army.
		In the battle of Tarentum, The Roman forces are severally defeated and the Senate soon drops out of the War.
		311 BCE: Agathocles of Syracuse lays siege to Acragas and crosses the Halcyus, violating the peace treaty with Carthage.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?p=892 (5137 words)

	Ancient Greek Battles
		362 BC Battle of Mantinea (2 of 3)
		209 BC Battle of Lamia - 1st Battle
		209 BC Battle of Lamia - 2nd Battle
	ancientgreekbattles.net /battles.htm (86 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Gelon
		BC, Greek Sicilian ruler, tyrant of Syracuse (478-467 BC).
		BC Here in 480 BC (a traditional date) forces led by Gelon routed the Carthaginians led by Hamilcar.
		The city was founded c.688 BC by Greek colonists from Crete...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Gelon (837 words)

	Carthage - Military History Wiki
		In the early 6th century BC, Hanno the Navigator is supposed to have sailed down the African coast, perhaps as far as Sierra Leone.
		Although, in that year, the Iberian colonies seceded—cutting off Carthage's major supply of silver and copper—Hannibal Mago, the grandson of Hamilcar, began preparations to reclaim Sicily, while expeditions were also led into Morocco and Senegal, and also into the Atlantic.
		In 265 BC, Hiero II, the new tyrant of Syracuse, took action against them.
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /index.php?title=Carthage&redirect=no (2929 words)

	A History of Africa, Chapter 3
		If a general lost a battle, it was considered a crime against the state, and he would be exiled or even tortured to death if it looked like he was making a habit of losing.
		Even so, the Greeks saw the battle of Himera as a dramatic deliverance, which they compared with the victory they won against the Persians at Salamis in the same year; later on, historians improved this coincidence to the same day.
		In 509 B.C. the Latins, under the leadership of Rome, threw out the Etruscan king of their city, and in 474 B.C. the Syracusan navy drove the Etruscans from the sea around Naples.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /africa/carthage.html (9490 words)

	Preview N.4 - Total War Center Forums
		Syracuse was founded in 734 or 733 BC by Greek settlers from Corinth, led by the oecist (colonizer) Archias, who called it Sirako, referring to a nearby swamp.
		Not long after, in the early 4th century BC, the tyrant Dionysius the Elder was again at war against Carthage and, although losing Gela and Camarina, kept that power from capturing the whole of Sicily.
		A treaty in 392 BC allowed Syracuse to enlarge further its possessions, founding the cities of Adranum, Ancona, Adria, Tindaris and Tauromenos, and conquering Regium on the continent.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?t=55813 (4118 words)

	Sicilian War - Military History Wiki
		By the 5th century BC Carthage had become established as the commercial center of the region, with colonies along the North African coast and Sardinia, Malta and Iberia.
		But whether Hamilcar's disappearance happened, as the Phoenicians tell us, in this way, or, as the Syracusans maintain, in some other, certain it is that the Carthaginians offer him sacrifice, and in all their colonies have monuments erected to his honor, as well as one, which is the grandest of all, at Carthage.
		The Carthaginians suffered major losses due to poor weather on the voyage to Sicily, where they suffered defeat by the Greek general Gelo at the Battle of Himera, near Panormus (modern Palermo).
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /wiki/Sicilian_War (889 words)

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