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Topic: Battle of Ilerda

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	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Lleida
		It is the capital of the Spanish province of the same name, and has approximately 120,000 inhabitants.
		The Battle of Ilerda[?], fought between Julius Caesar and Pompeius took place in 49 BC.
		It was conquered from the Moors by the Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona[?] in 1148.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ll/Lleida (117 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Battle of Thapsus
		The Populares under Julius Caesar were defeated in the battle of Dyrrhachium but went on to decisively defeat the Optimates under Pompey at Pharsalus in 48 BC.
		Some sources contend Caesar had an epileptic seizure during the battle and was not fully conscious for its aftermath.
		The civil war was not finished and the battle of Munda would soon follow.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Battle_of_Thapsus (744 words)

	[No title]
		Romans engaged in a battle with the Latins.
		In the battle, Scipio defeated the Carthaginian forces and so severely defeated the forces of the Carthaginian ally King Syphax of Numidia that Scipio was able to expel Syphax's forces from the capital of Cirta with a force of 3 cohorts (about 1650 men).
		Pompeius Magnus is defeated in a battle with Q. Sertorius near the River Sucro and later enters an indecisive battle near the town of Saguntum.
	www.novaroma.org /camenaeum/RomanTimeline.txt (25003 words)

	Lucius Afranius (general) - LoveToKnow 1911
		On the rupture between Caesar and Pompey they were compelled, after a short campaign in which they were at first successful, to surrender to Caesar at Ilerda (49), and were dismissed on promising not to serve again in the war.
		On the defeat of Pompey, Afranius, despairing of pardon from Caesar, went to Africa, and was present at the disastrous battle of Thapsus (46).
		Escaping from the field with a strong body of cavalry, he was afterwards taken prisoner, along with Faustus Sulla, by the troops of Sittius, and handed over to Caesar, whose veterans rose in tumult and put them to death.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Lucius_Afranius_(general) (254 words)

	Caesar's legions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the summer of 49, it fought in Hispania in the battle of Ilerda and in the spring of 48 at Dyrrhachium.
		He implies the existence of a thirteenth legion in his account of the battle against the Nervians, describes how it encountered the Aremoricans and states that it was present during the siege of Gergovia.
		It fought on the side of the triumvirs during the battle of Philippi (42) and its veterans were settled in Macedonia.
	www.livius.org /caa-can/caesar/legions.html (2227 words)

	Battle of Pharsalus Information
		The Battle of Pharsalus occurred in Pharsalus, Thessaly, northern Greece.
		The battle was held with the River Enipeus to Caesar's left, ensuring that neither side would be able to move around the other army on Caesar's left.
		The Battle of Pharsalus ended the wars of the First Triumvirate, and left Caesar 'supreme commander' of the Roman World.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Battle_of_Pharsalus (1024 words)

	Part 14 of In Cath Catharda: The Civil War of the Romans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The obstacles of the path and the divisions of the borders and the lands prevented the battle till then, and the storm of the air prevented it thenceforward, for then it was midspring, and at the beginning of winter great snows had fallen and filled the mountains and the plains of Spain.
		Then the snows of the mountains and the hills near the high city Ilerda dissolved from the abundance of the rain, and the tepid warmth of springtime so that they trickled in their streamlets and rills till they became rivers and vast lakes on the firm, level plains of the land.
		Disfigured and barren then were the fields of Ilerda the city from the increase of the water over the hills and woods of the districts, after causing the death of their stags and wild beasts, their herds and horses.
	www.ucc.ie /celt/published/T305001/text014.html (2909 words)

	Caesar (Julius) Civil War Summary
		Ilerda is on the Segres river, north of the confluence with the Cinca river (the Ebro river enters a little further south).
		In a first battle, Varus's troops are routed, and he is wounded.
		The battle lines are drawn near Pharsalus and the Enipeus River (in Thessaly).
	www.mcgoodwin.net /pages/otherbooks/jc_civilwar.html (2542 words)

	The Roman Army
		The balance of the Rorarii and Accensii are placed at the bottom of the schematic to indicate that they were, in Delbrück's reconstruction, not a part of the battle and may have been left as camp guards.
		At the battle of Ilerda Caesar's forces were caught on a narrow ridge just wide enough for three cohorts in line of battle.
		In favor of this configuration are: (1) the cohort front fits Judson's information about Ilerda (assuming Judson is accurate), (2) the second century was called the posterior century, and (3) since cohorts were used as quasi-independent tactical units they may have needed the extra depth of the formation.
	www.garyb.0catch.com /legion_formations/legion_formations.html (2929 words)

	Campaign history of the Roman military - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		the Battle of Faesulae in 225 BC, the Battle of Telamon in 224 BC, the Battle of Clastidium in 222 BC, the Battle of Cremona in 200 BC, the Battle of Mutina in 194 BC, the Battle of Arausio in 105 BC, and the Battle of Vercellae in 101 BC.
		Although initially defeated in Spain in the Battle of Baecula the army of Gaius Claudius Nero defeated Hasdrubal at the Battle of the Metaurus.
		In 203 BC at the Battle of Bagbrades the invading Roman army under Scipio Africanus Major defeated the Carthaginian army of Hasdrubal Gisco and Syphax and Hannibal was recalled to Africa.
	www.merrynewyear.com /cgi-bin/nph-kcat.cgi/XMJAOLA/eolw/ak.juhdhlyex.bdd/opfe/Znymvani_effflmq_jb_quq_Mgtvj_jvxfosyt (5011 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The Civil Wars by Julius Caesar
		A fear of Caesar's front rank having pursued him, obliged him to halt, and when the battle began, Varus is deserted by his troops: some of them disperse to their homes, the rest come over to Caesar; and along with them, Lucius Pupius, the chief centurion, is taken prisoner and brought to Caesar.
		After the battle had in this manner continued incessantly for five hours, and our men had suffered much from superior numbers, having spent all their javelins, they drew their swords and charged the enemy up the hill, and, having killed a few, obliged the rest to fly.
		The bridge of Ilerda afforded an opportunity of getting all these without any danger, and the places beyond the bridge, to which Caesar had no access, were as yet untouched.
	classics.mit.edu /Caesar/civil.1.1.html (7572 words)

	Caesar's civil war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		December - Battle in Alexandria, Egypt between the forces of the Roman general Julius Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII of Egypt and those of rival King Ptolemy XIII of Egypt and Queen Arsinoe IV.
		The latter two are defeated and flee the city, but during the battle part of the Library of Alexandria catches fire and is burned down.
		Even then, these battles are presented symbolically, schematically and briefly, with a ten-second burst of soldiers shouting at one another and then a standard dropped in the mud in slow-motion.
	edict.homelinux.net /767/249281.html (5666 words)

	The Roman Army
		The men in the first rank were the best troops in the unit, the initial clash was the single most important moment in the entire battle for it could, and apparently often did, decide the course of the contest.
		The battle of Ilerda featured several cohorts in essentially stationary positions throwing pila at each other for a matter of hours.
		In one view the second line existed as a maneuvering formation and by the time the battle was actually joined it had joined up with the first to form an unbroken front of 7 cohorts.
	www.garyb.0catch.com /line3_pilum/pilum_volley.html (6291 words)

	romanarmy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the battle there would be added the sounds of shields and swords smashing together, orders shouted, men calling encouragement to their comrades or shouting threats to the enemy, the thunder of horses hooves, the cries of wounded and dying men.
		This detritus of battle could be scattered for some distance on either side of the current line of fighting, but even so, it would remain as an obstacle to troop movement.
		If, however, they were engaged with enemy cavalry, the wounds incurred would be of a different nature, and the battle itself must have been absolute mayhem, with horses rearing and throwing their riders on to the ground, where they would stand little chance of escaping the hooves of the other mounts.
	talismanunlimited.tripod.com /romanarmy.htm (14374 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Lleida - AOL Research & Learn
		The ancient Ilerda, it was taken (49 B.C.) by Julius Caesar, who defeated Pompey's generals there.
		Lleida fell to the Moors in 714 and was liberated (1149) by Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona.
		The old section of the city is dominated by the castle, whose ramparts enclose a Romanesque cathedral.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/lleida/20051206201709990025 (167 words)

	Legio X Gemina
		The soldiers of the tenth legion are also mentioned in the battle against the Nervians in 57 (where they saved the day), the invasion of Britain in the summer of 55 (where the standard bearer of the Tenth played a heroic role), and the siege of Gergovia in 52.
		It was present in the battle of Pharsalus (9 August 48), and although the soldiers were sent back to Italy after the battle to be pensioned off, they also participated in Caesar's African campaign in 46.
		In 42, the refounded tenth legion fought for the triumvirs in the battle of Philippi, where the opponents of the Caesarian party were defeated.
	www.livius.org /le-lh/legio/x_gemina.html (1591 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 526 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The old usurer was of such a crabbed temper, that no one could put up with him except his nephew Atticus, who was in consequence adopted by him in his will, and obtained from him a fortune of ten millions of sesterces.
		caecilius, a centurion of the first rank (primi pili) in the army of Afranius, was killed at the battle of Ilerda, b.
		We generally find included among the writings of Lactantius a book divided into fifty-two chapters, entitled De Mortibus Per-secutorum, containing an outline of the career of those emperors who displayed active hostility towards the church, an account of the death of each, together with a sketch of the different persecutions from Nero to Diocletian.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0535.html (1001 words)

	Roman Timeline of the First Century BC
		82 BC Cornelius Sulla is victorious at the battle of the Coline Gate at Rome.
		75 BC Caecilius Metellus Pius annihilates the army of the Sertorian lieutenant Lucius Hirtuleius at the Battle of Segovia.
		49 BC The Pompeian legates M. Petronius and L. Afranius are defeated by Caesar at the battle of Ilerda.
	www.unrv.com /empire/roman-timeline-1st-century.php (2481 words)

	ArcaMax.com - De Bello Gallico and Other Commentaries (English)
		LIX.--When news of this battle was brought to Caesar at Ilerda, the bridge being completed at the same time, fortune soon took a turn.
		Accordingly, leaving two auxiliary cohorts in the garrison at Ilerda, they crossed the Segre with their whole force, and formed one camp with the two legions which they had led across a few days before.
		Caesar refreshed his army on the plain that he might not expose them to battle whilst fatigued; and when the enemy attempted to renew their march, he pursued and stopped them.
	www.arcamax.com /nonfiction/b-1033-41-bprint (1448 words)

	Caesar in Spain
		No longer needing to hold the mountain passes, Caesar moved to Ilerda, where he began the systematic outmaneuvering and besieging of the opposition army.
		5 legions, which were grateful for not having to fight any meaningful battle against Caesar's troops, were disbanded and allowed to return to their homes and colonies within a few days.
		Curio was terribly outnumbered and fought a hopeless battle in which he was killed on August 24, 49 BC.
	www.unrv.com /fall-republic/caesars-in-spain.php (958 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After defeating King Pharnaces at the battle of Zela in 47, Caesar understood that he had a great deal of fighting to do in Africa.
		Their position was strengthened in 48, when the survivors of the battle of Pharsalus poured over the Mediterranean.
		There followed a period of marches and counterattacks, as at the battle of Ilerda, in which Caesar compelled the Pompeians to give battle on the worst possible terms.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME1700 (332 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum, Divus Iulius (The Lives of the ...
		For the naval battle a pool was dug in the lesser Codeta and there was a contest of ships of two, three, and four banks of oars, belonging to the Tyrian and Egyptian fleets, manned by a large force of fighting men.
		It was not until his later years that he became slower to engage, through a conviction that the oftener he had been victor, the less he ought to tempt fate, and that he could not possibly gain as much by success as he might lose by a defeat.
		When conditions of surrender were under discussion at Ilerda, and friendly intercourse between the two parties was constant, Afranius and Petreius, with a sudden change of purpose, put to death all of Caesar's soldiers whom they found in their camp; but Caesar could not bring himself to retaliate in kind.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/suetonius-julius.html (9901 words)

	Siege of Massilia Information
		The Siege and naval Battle of Massilia was an episode of Caesar's civil war, fought in 49 BC.
		Gaius Trebonius, Caesar's legatus, conducted the siege using a variety of siege machines including siege towers, a siege-ramp, and a "testudo".
		He fought a second naval battle with Decimus Brutus, but withdrew defeated and sailed for Spain.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Siege_of_Massilia (282 words)

	WikiRoma
		Battle of Bagradas in Africa, in which the invading Roman army under M. Regulus was virtually destroyed by the Carthaginians under the mercenary leader Xanthippus, a Spartan.
		King Syphax of Numidia is defeated and captured in the battle of Cirta.
		Battle of Placentia, in which a combined Germanic invasion of the Alemanni, Marcomanni, and Juthungi defeat a Roman army under the command of the Emperor Aurelian.
	hiki.pbwiki.com (11793 words)

	The Career of Julius Caesar
		In a battle, they were annihilated: barely 500 of their army of 60,000 survived.
		Caesar was made dictator after his return from Ilerda; in October 48 he was again appointed, in 46 he became dictator for ten years and in 44 for life.
		He didn't disappoint the Senate: in two battles, he defeated Marc Antony, who fled with difficulty across the Alps, where he managed to gain the support of all troops in Spain in Gaul.
	www.fargonasphere.com /piso/caesar.html (8858 words)

	Timeline
		Civil War in Italy; Sulla victorious at the battle of the Colline Gate.
		In March, Caesar's forces relieved by reinforcements from Asia Minor; on March 27, he is victorious in battle on the Nile.
		On April 6, Caesar victorious at Battle of Thapsus, defeating Scipio and Juba.
	web.mac.com /heraklia/Caesar/timeline/index.html (1937 words)

	Astrology of Julius Caesar with horoscope chart, quotes, biography, and images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the course of the battle Caesar showed such personal bravery in saving the lives of legionaries, that he was later awarded the corona civica (oak crown).
		The battle that was once very close to the possible end of Caesar, turned into an all out rout and the Gauls outside the Roman walls were slaughtered.
		The exhausting battle was taking its toll and both commanders left their strategic overview positions to join their men in the ranks.
	www.makara.us /04mdr/01writing/03tg/bios/Caesar_J.htm (12775 words)

	Other: 0 A.D. Timeline :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		After two hard-fought battles the Romans are defeated; in the third battle the king suffers defeat and retreats to Epirus.
		After Cleopatra's wicked flight in the middle of the battle, she is followed by Antony and Octavius defeats his army.
		He is killed in a battle with the Persians.
	wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=1535 (3151 words)

	Roman Revolution and Civil Wars by Sanderson Beck
		After several battles the senate conferred Roman citizenship on the Etruscans, Umbrians, Latins, and all the Italians not in revolt, though the ten new tribes voting last had little influence.
		He managed to gain a capitulation without a major battle at Ilerda, asking only that Pompey's army be disbanded, though the soldiers were free to join him.
		He attempted to reconcile Cleopatra VII with her young brother Ptolemy XII; but the latter's eunuch advisor Pothinus and general Achillas plotted against him, as did her younger brother and sister Arsinoe, causing a war in the city in which the besieged Romans burned the fleet of warships and by accident the great library.
	www.san.beck.org /EC25-RomanRevolution.html (12201 words)

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