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	Battle of Königgrätz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Battle of Königgrätz (or Hradec Králové) or Battle of Sadowa (or Sadová) of July 3, 1866, the Austro-Prussian War was decided in favour of Prussia.
		The battle began at dawn in subsiding rain and mist as Prussia took its position west of the Bystřice River.
		Sadová was captured, but a fierce battle ensued in a nearby forest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Koniggratz (861 words)

	Strategy - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Once they were committed to a battle it was impossible to separate them until sheer physical exhaustion put a stop to the slaughter, and these highly trained men were difficult and expensive to replace.
		Means had to be discovered to ensure their destruction before nightfall gave them the opportunity of withdrawal; and the evolution of the artillery arm (see Artillery) at last gave Napoleon the weapon he required to realize the ideal implanted in his mind by his teacher du Teil, vix.
		A battle is but an abbreviated siege, or a siege a prolonged battle.
	11.1911encyclopedia.org /S/ST/STRATEGY.htm (10000 words)

	[No title]
		After some years of regimental service he came under the notice of Moltke, the newly appointed chief of the general staff, as an exceptionally gifted soldier, and at the outbreak of the war against Austria in 1866 he was appointed major on the staff of the II.
		In this capacity he took part in the campaign on the upper Elbe and in the battle of Koniggratz.
		Promoted shortly after this to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, he was in 1867 placed at the head of a section of the general staff, becoming thereby one of Moltke's principal confidential assistants.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=68187 (483 words)

	The Battle.
		Lottum's command however was still unable to penetrate the southern salient, and suffered terribly from the French enfilading cannon fire, as well as from the constant volleys of musket and cannon fire against their front.
		Only now did he realize the folly of not explaining his battle plan in more exact terms to the young Dutch Prince, and the fact that the Duke himself accepted full responsibility for the slaughter shows that he also understood the implications of not taking the prince into his confidence.
		Whatever the actual figures in terms of death and mutilation, the battle of Malplaquet should be seen as one of the best examples, for future generations of military leaders, to appreciate the difficulties of attacking an enemy in a prepared position by frontal assaults.
	home.clara.net /graymo/malplaquet/05_battle.htm (3364 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hussites
		Koniggratz submitted, as did also some nobles disgusted with the excesses of the Taborites.
		While the king was waiting for the "crusaders" from Germany, he had seventeen Utraquists drowned in the Elbe at Leitmeritz and two burnt at Echlau.
		Their united forces, under Procopius the Shaven, won the battle of Aussig on the Elbe (16 June, 1426), in which 15,000 Germans and many Saxon and Thuringian nobles lost their lives, but they were beaten in their turn by Albert of Austria, at Zwettel, 12 March, 1427.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07585a.htm (4928 words)

	Koniggratz
		It is not difficult to understand why the Battle of Königgrätz in 1866 is still considered to be one of the decisive battles of the modern era.
		While this may be a debatable supposition, the battle and the campaign demonstrated the power of Prussian science and military art.
		The Seven Week’s War, as the campaign in Bohemia became popularly known, was the first occasion in which the steel-rifled cannon and the breech-loading rifle were seriously put to the test.
	www.battlefieldanomalies.com /koniggratz (225 words)

	DVD: DAY OF BATTLE : Mars-La-Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Day of Battle is an ехсеllеnt tactical-level account of the Battle of Mars-la-Tour on 16 August 1870, which аuthоr David Ascoli claims not only decided the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War but the future of Europe.
		Both battles were unusual in that a string of Gеrmаn mistakes and favorable tеrrаin offered the French a real chance to inflict crushing defeats on thе Germans, but in each case the opportunity was wasted.
		The аuthоr also provides a detailed order of battle for both sides, illustrations of all the key leaders, and an appendix on French logistics; this is first-rate militаrу history writing.
	www.funnydvdmovies.com /tvr31383431353831323136.html (1133 words)

	The Battle of Koniggratz: Prussia's Victory over Austria, 1866 Military Review - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1866, news of Prussia's dramatic victory over Austria at Koniggratz caused the papal secretary to exclaim "Casca il mondo!" (the world is collapsing).
		In time, Koniggratz would be seen as the beginning of Europe's "German problem," a problem that needed two world wars to resolve.
		With each combatant deploying a quarter-million soldiers, the Battle of Koniggratz became the largest battle to that time in history.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PBZ/is_5_84/ai_n6252071 (358 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Koniggratz 1866 Some new scenarios for SPI's 'Rifle and Saber': part 1 Rob Gibson In the early Summer of 1866, Prussia found herself at war with her Imperial neighbour Austria and most of the other large German States.
		The Austrians elected to defend the rim of the saucer-like plateau to the west of the fortress.
		The battle of Koniggratz was in essence a series of actions co-ordinated towards a total aim, like the great Napoleonic battles e.g.
	grognard.com /zines/ph/p0808.html (680 words)

	Cannae
		Modern battles Count Schlieffen characterizes even more than earlier battles as a "struggle for the flanks." Therefore he stresses the necessity, in case parts of an army have made frontal contact with the enemy, that the neighboring columns be allowed to march further so that they may be able to turn against flank and rear.
		The problem of fighting a battle of extermination with a strength half that of the enemy was, however, solved to a certain degree.
		Ney reached the battle field in time, he was not sent against the flank, but against the point of the right wing and Blucher, however great his wish to hold out, was able to escape the fatal blow and was obliged to do so.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/Cannae/cannae.asp (20385 words)

	The Battle.
		Both divisions were as yet unblooded in battle, but their men were eager to prove themselves in action before the arrival of their more experienced brothers in V Corps, which was still some distance to the rear.
		With the annihilation of Pöckh’s brigade as a fighting force, and the imminent arrival of the entire Prussian Second Army, Benedek realized the full implication of the errors made by Mollinary and Thun in moving their corps from their prepared positions.
		That proved not only difficult, owing to the amount of commitment given to the fighting in the Swiepwald, but also fatal to the morale of troops who had been under the impression they were winning the battle.
	www.battlefieldanomalies.com /koniggratz/06_battle.htm (2384 words)

	The Battlefield.
		For two days before the battle, Benedek’s inspector-general of artillery, Archduke Wilhelm of Austria, had reconnoitred the area, positioning his artillery so that it had a clear field of fire and marking the ranges for his excellent rifled cannon.
		The weakness in Benedek’s position, a rough semicircle with both flanks resting on the Elbe River, was that it would be difficult to meet an enveloping attack, since the Austrian main line of retreat ran along the Sadowa-Königgräz highway and was therefore susceptible to being cut.
		Owing to a total lack of reconnaissance on their part, the Prussians did not know the whereabouts of the Austrian army, and there was some consternation at headquarters as to whether Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm would arrive in time, should Benedek make a stand.
	www.graymo.clara.co.uk /koniggratz/05_battlefield.htm (642 words)

	Czech & Slovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Battle of Koniggratz took place on July 3rd 1866 only three weeks after the outbreak of the Austro-Prussian War.
		The Austrians had established a potentially strong position east of Bistritza marsh, but the Prussians were able to break through and put the Austrians to flight.
		It was a decisive battle with the Prussians losing about 9000 officers and men while 41,500 Austrians and Saxons were either killed or taken prisoner.
	www.heritagesites.eu.com /czech/koniggr.htm (136 words)

	The Austro-Prussian War : Austria's War with Prussia and Italy in 1866 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		However his account of the 1866 campaign and the battle of Custoza relies heavily on Austrian material - obviously magnifying their troops' achievements as well as the Italian defeat - while Italian sources, albeit mentioned in the bibliography, seem to be discounted or rather neglected in the narration.
		The conduct of the battle on the part of the Italian army, army corps, and some division commanders was abysmally botched, an outright failure which led the troops on the field (and a few divisional commanders who fought very well) to lose a battle they had already won.
		During the battle an Austrian regiment, too, was routed, but this piece of news from the battlefield is apparently overlooked in the text.
	www.colored-contacts.us /bookstore/isbn0521629519.html (941 words)

	USS Independence Rosters, Biographies & Data: Xavier Stone Biography
		Seeing a greater Germany after the War to end all Wars he was a bit on the fence but in the end chose to return to the fatherland and join the fight against the despised French.
		During one such battle he came upon a superhuman Lt of the dictator and fought them hand to hand.
		He fought countless battles against the Klingons in that early period but later resigned to travel the galaxy.
	usf.for.net /cgi-bin/board.cgi?thread=112&post=64 (612 words)

	Forums at the Society - Today We Remember. . . (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		For most of the 1st days battle the 1st Cavalry fought a delaying action that held until the Army of the Potomac arrived.
		Prussia defeats Austria in the BAttle of Koniggratz (Sadowa), ending the war and guaranteeing Prussian dominance over the German states.
		The battle was a disaster for the French cavalry, which was hindered by its own infantry, and the numerous streams on the battlefield.
	www.militaryhorse.org /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=2320&whichpage=14 (6429 words)

	Amazon.com: DAY OF BATTLE: Mars-La-Tour: Books: David Ascoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Day of Battle is an excellent tactical-level account of the Battle of Mars-la-Tour on 16 August 1870, which author David Ascoli claims not only decided the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War but the future of Europe.
		Both battles were unusual in that a string of German mistakes and favorable terrain offered the French a real chance to inflict crushing defeats on the Germans, but in each case the opportunity was wasted.
		The section on Mars-la-Tour is particularly detailed and includes sketch maps that depict the battle on a hour-by-hour basis, as well as numerous photographs of the terrain.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1841581216?v=glance (1468 words)

	DVD: The Battle of Koniggratz: Prussia's Victory over Austria, 1866 $14.72 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Gordon Craig givеs а clear and highly readable account of the most infuential battle of the 19th century.
		The аuthоr uses excellent source material tо bring a contemporary narretive and evaluation to this historical milestone.
		Similarity for The Battle of Koniggratz: Prussia's Victory over Austria, 1866
	www.funnydvdmovies.com /tvr30383132323138343432.html (199 words)

	[No title]
		KONIGGRATZ Brunker, H.M. Story of the Koniggratz Campaign of 1866.
		Eden, Steve J. "The Battle of Koniggratz." Fld Arty (Aug 1992): pp.
		Wagner, Arthur L. The Campaign of Koniggratz: A Study of the Austro-Prussian Conflict in the Light of the American Civil War.
	www.carlisle.army.mil /usamhi/bibliographies/ReferenceBibliographies/Germany/preww1/austro.doc (292 words)

	Exhibit C
		Austro-Reichs forces (750pts) sortee from Koniggratz to pre-empt the Prussians from laying siege.
		For this action, in addition to battle honors, the Mounted Grenadiers were awarded a unique upgrade to morale class 6 for the remainder of the campaign.
		With three brigades in retreat, the Austro-Reichs departed the field back into Koniggratz to await the impending seige and ponder if defeating the Prussians in open battle is actually possible.
	home.hawaii.rr.com /wallyswrld/Ref_ExhibitA_page.htm (357 words)

	World War I - Heroes and War Leaders
		At the outbreak of World War I Ferdinand Foch was involved in many early battles, including Nancy and Marne.
		He led his forces into battle at Mons and Ypres, and he was praised.
		Paul von Hindenburg fought in the Battle of Koniggratz and the Franco-Prussian War in the 1800s.
	techcenter.davidson.k12.nc.us /Group9/leaders.htm (996 words)

	Battlefield Anomalies
		The main reason for starting this site was to enable the layman, and the professional military historian to gain access to some of the lesser-known battles of history, as well as a few of the more familiar, without having to troll through the masses of irrelevant and often misleading information available on the Web.
		It is my hope that the battles and battlefields found here will instil a sense of fresh interest for debate and discussion.
		I also hope that those who are able will search out these battlefields themselves and walk the fields and meadows where once history was played out in such full measure.
	www.graymo.clara.co.uk (436 words)

	ArtInterestsGreatAndSmall: February 2006
		If you read the accompanying commentaries to the images in my posts, looking at battle images through the centuries, you will have received an education which should be the equivalent of a degree in history!!
		The Battle of the Plains of Abraham - The Death of General Wolfe during the Seven Years War
		These three battle scenes are from the Eighty Years War (1568-1648) Battle of Nieuwpoort
	artinterestsgreatandsmall.blogspot.com /2006_02_01_artinterestsgreatandsmall_archive.html (2993 words)

	The Battle of Koniggratz -- Prussia's Victory over Austria, 1866 -- Gordon A. Craig
		The fall of Königgrätz transferred power over the German states from Austria to Prussia, marking the beginning of the German nation, a political consequence considered to be among the most important of any conflict in modern history.
		The battle for the city of Königgrätz--now called Hradec Králové, located in the Czech Republic--was the largest of its time, with nearly half a million troops involved.
		It was also the first battle where the outcome was directly determined by the availability of new technologies, including the railroad, telegraph, cast steel rifled cannon, and breech-loading rifle.
	www.frontlist.com /detail/0812218442 (219 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Paul von Hindenburg
		Paul von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (1847-1934) was born in Poznan on 2 October 1847, the eldest of three sons, and was educated at cadet schools in Wahlstatt and Berlin.
		He first saw military action at the Battle of Koniggratz in 1866 and in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71.
		He was subsequently appointed to the General Staff in 1878, reaching General rank in 1905.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/hindenburg.htm (659 words)

	General Withers.
		The reader may be wondering why I did not include the troops under General Withers in my initial explanation of the troop dispositions before the commencement of the battle?
		My reason for not doing so is because I have come to doubt the actual location of this corps when the battle began.
		It is my opinion that Withers was in the process of marching toward the Allied left wing when he was halted, and diverted by Marlborough and sent on the mission to outflank the French.
	home.clara.net /graymo/malplaquet/08_general_withers.htm (86 words)

	First Reich: Inside the German Army During the War With France 1870-71
		This was a war to complete national unity and it was a great success from the start against the more traditionally organized and rather badly-led French army.
		However, the Republic that rose out of its ashes was determined to continue the war and expel the Germans(Chapter IX and X).
		In this, its newly raised armies failed miserably, and after a series of battles lost North and South of Paris as well as in the Jura (in the early months of 1871), they were finally defeated as the encircled capital city was also forced to capitulate after a siege of several months.
	flawebworks.com /webhostingbooks/isbn1857533410.html (1033 words)

	Books at On Military Matters
		The Regiment was raised in Thuringian in 1859/60 & was present at the battles of Podol, Koniggratz & Blumenau/Pressburg, sketch maps, appendicies.
		Originally compilied in 1867, this English edition was prepared in 1872, in three sections covering the war upto Koniggratz, the Battle of Koniggratz, and the battles in western Germany, o/b's, maps.
		The Garde du Corps was Prussia's elite cavalry regiment, details the units participation during the battles of Skakitz/Schweinschadel/Koniggratz, casualty lists, awards.
	www.onmilitarymatters.com /wcat1871.htm (483 words)

	ICICDT.org
		In Padua, the year of revolutions of 1848 was a student revolt on February 8 that transformed the University and the Caffè Pedrocchi into real battlefields, in which students and ordinary Padovani fought side by side.
		In 1866 the battle of Koniggratz gave Italy the opportunity to shake off the last of the Austrian yoke, when Padua and the rest of the Veneto became part of the united Kingdom of Italy.
		Despite the fact that a major anti-immigrant party the Lega Nord has set up office in the city, the commerce and jobs attract many immigrants into the city.
	www.icicdt.org /venue_setting.asp (1688 words)

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