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Topic: Battle of Kut al Amara

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	Siege of Kut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		General Townshend chose to stay and hold the position at Kut instead of continuing the march downriver towards Basra.
		Kut offered a good defensive position, it was contained within a long loop of the river.
		The battle began on April 5 and the British soon captured Fallahiyeh but with heavy losses, Bait Asia was taken on April 17.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Kut (963 words)

	Kut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kūt (كوت; also known as Kut-Al-Imara and Kut El Amara) is a city in eastern Iraq, on the left bank of the Tigris River, about 100 miles south east of Baghdad, at 32.50°N, 45.82°E. As of 2003 the estimated population is about 400,000 people.
		For centuries Kut was a regional center of the carpet trade.
		Kut was the scene of fierce battle during World War I.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kut (411 words)

	Siege of Kut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It was badly mauled in three clashes in January (Sheikh Sa'ad on the 4th, Wadi on the 13th and Hanna on the 21st), the Ottoman army around Kut had called upon Khalil Pasha, who replaced Nur-Ud-Din as commander on January 10 and brought a further 20-30,000 veteran soldiers into the area.
		The battle began on April 5 and the British soon captured Fallahiyeh but with heavy losses, Bait Asia was taken on April 17 but the continuing British losses were making further success unlikely.
		Kut was recaptured in February 1917 and the Allied forces went on to take Baghdad in March.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/s/si/siege_of_kut.html (580 words)

	Kut
		Kut (also known as Kut-Al-Imara and Kut El Amara) is a city in eastern Iraq, on the left bank of the Tigris River, about 100 miles south east of Baghdad, at 32.50°N, 45.82°E. In 2003 the estimated population is about 400,000 people.
		The area around Kut is a fertile grain growing region.
		The British went back on the offensive in December with a larger and better supplied force under General Sir Frederick Stanley Maude and reconquered Kut on February 23, 1917.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ku/Kut-al-Amara.html (338 words)

	Kut
		Reeling from the shock of the Turkish army's counterattack at the village of Ctesiphon, the Sixth Division of the Indian Expeditionary Force D took refuge at Kut al Amara.
		The shells raining down on Kut tore date and palm trees from their roots, shattered Arab homes inside the town, wreaked havoc among the horses and mules used to haul the artillery, and put the defenders into a siege mentality.
		At Kut, the loss was measured by the degree of despondency that descended on the Sixth.
	www.davidsjournal.com /WW1/Kut.html (5395 words)

	kut - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Kūt (كوت; also known as Kut-Al-Imara and Kut El Amara) is a city in eastern Iraq, on the left bank of the Tigris River, about 100 miles south east of Baghdad, at 32.50N, 45.82E.
		After gathering reinforcements including regiments from India Leachman tried to relieve Townshend, but each time was driven back by fierce battle.
		Townshend with some 9,000 surviving soldiers finally surrendered Kut on April 29, 1916.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Kut (341 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Siege of Kut-al-Amara, 1916
		Following the signal (and, to the British at least, unexpected) failure of the Anglo-Indian attack upon Ctesiphon in November 1915 Sir Charles Townshend led his infantry force, the 6th (Poona) Division, on a wearisome retreat back to Kut-al-Amara, arriving in early December.
		Aware too that his force was exhausted and unable to retreat further Townshend resolved to stay and hold Kut, a town of key importance to the British presence in the region.
		Consequently the defence of Kut - sited in a loop of the River Tigris - was set in train ahead of the arrival of the besieging Turk force of 10,500 men on 7 December.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/siegeofkut.htm (819 words)

	Urban Operations Journal
		Al Kut was the scene of much heavy fighting, including both a disastrous British defeat in 1916, and an important victory in February 1917.
		Sergeant Collis is buried at the Al Kut Cemetery.
		Kut (variants: Kut al Imara, Kut al `Amarah, Kut-al-Almarah, Kut-al-Imarah) is in southern Iraq, on the banks of the river Tigris.
	urbanoperations.8media.org /alkut.htm (840 words)

	The Sikh Regiments : Gateway to Sikhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		At this time General Maude was carrying on a series of successful operations known as the Battle of Kut al Amara, which finally resulted in the defeat of the Turks on the Tigris and, the capture of Baghdad.
		Kut by river steamer for Baghdad and en route stopped at Bughaila, which was garrisoned by the 45th Sikhs, with whom the Battalion had a great reunion.
		The 14th Sikhs disembarked at Baghdad on the 17th of July and at the end of the month were ordered to Falluja, on the Euphrates, some forty miles west of Baghdad, to hold the left flank of General Maude's defences covering Baghdad.
	allaboutsikhs.com /warriors/fww_mesopotamia.htm (3547 words)

	The Siege of Kut-al-Amara, 1915-1916
		He calculated that there were enough supplies in Kut to enable his force to hold out for a month: he was told it might take two months for the relief force to arrive.
		The decision to stand at Kut was a grave mistake: the initiative, until then always with the British in this campaign, passed to the Turks.
		The loss of Kut and the Poona Division stunned the British Empire and her Allies and provided another huge morale boost for Turkey and Germany, especially coming so soon after Britain's ignominious withdrawal from Gallipoli.
	www.1914-1918.net /meso_bat8.htm (871 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Al Kut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		AL KUT [Al Kut], town, SE Iraq, on the Tigris River.
		The British retook Al Kut in Feb., 1917, as they resumed their advance.
		AL KUT-- A VICTORY IN 2003, A DISASTER IN 1916 FAMILIAR TERRITORY.(DAYBREAK)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/AlK1ut.asp (162 words)

	Timeline
		The Russians defeated the Austrians in the Battles of Lemberg.
		Kut al-Amara, Mesopotamia, with 10,000 British troops, surrendered to the Turks.
		The British fleet fought the German fleet in the Battle of Jutland.
	www.geocities.com /SouthBeach/Palms/2460/time.Html (163 words)

	DAWN - Opinion; November 28, 2005
		I was about to start a two-way interview with Al Jazeera’s head office in Qatar when an American rocket came racing up the Tigris river behind me. Its rail-train “swish” brought a cry from the Qatar technician who picked up the sound on his earphones.
		Al Jazeera had indeed given their office’s map coordinates to the Pentagon.
		Al Jazeera had been broadcasting Bin Laden’s threats and sermons from Afghanistan and no one doubted at the time that the attack — which the Americans claimed was a mistake — was deliberate.
	www.dawn.com /2005/11/28/op.htm (3902 words)

	The Great War - War Against Turkey - James Mowbray
		Battle of Ramadi led to Maude driving north into central Mesopotamia, towards the oil fields at Mosul, but he succumbed to cholera and was replaced in November by Marshall
		Battle of Junction Station, and the arrival of Turkish reinforcements now commanded by General von Falkenhayn (late of Western Front fame, and the father of the Verdun battles of the previous year), who reestablished a continuous line from Jerusalem to the sea and checked Allenby's advance momentarily
		Battle of Meggido opened with a drive along the Mediterranean coast, which tore open the Turkish right, and let Allenby launch his cavalry through the hole into the desert beyond (the model for Second Alamein in 1942)
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/mowbray/gw-turk.htm (945 words)

	Middle East Online
		AMARA, Iraq - Six people were killed and 15 wounded overnight when British forces pounded insurgent targets in the restive southern city of Amara and clashed with Shiite Muslim militiamen, medics said.
		British tanks and troops were out in force in Amara after sunrise, with Iraqi police hunkered down in their stations.
		Governorate spokesman Majid Hameed said a written death threat was delivered to the governor because of his refusal to bend to the demands of Sadr's supporters that Kut be ceded to a separate south independent from Baghdad.
	www.middle-east-online.com /english/?id=10923 (565 words)

	8-Day Battle for Najaf: From Attack to Stalemate
		As a reconstruction of the battle in Najaf shows, the sequence of events was strikingly reminiscent of the battle of Falluja in April.
		The seeds of the Najaf battle were sown on July 31, when the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit, commanded by Col. Anthony M. Haslam, replaced units of the Army's First Armored Division and First Infantry Division, which had fought Mr.
		The battle in Najaf quickly centered on a huge cemetery adjacent to the Imam Ali Shrine, which had been off limits to American troops as part of a truce worked out after earlier fighting in April.
	psychoanalystsopposewar.org /resources_files/8-Day_Battle_for_Najaf__From_Attack_to_Stalemate.html (1686 words)

	Battle Of Kut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		By September 15 (1915) we were massing at Abu Rummanah preparatory to the battle of Kut-which was bigger than anything we had so far encountered.
		Battle of Kut-el-Amara: Brits defeat Turks in Mesopotamia September 28, 1915 in history...
		The Second Battle of Kut was fought on February 23, 1917, between British and Ottoman forces.
	www.alkut.info /info/Battle-Of-Kut (346 words)

	Untitled Document
		Bullet holes and battle damage was never repaired, borne as a mark of distinction.
		The two Colours are: the Queen's Colour (The Union Flag bearing the Battalion number and selected Battle Honours) and the Regimental Colour (a unique central device - in the Glosters' case a sphinx to commemorate their service in the Egyptian campaign of 1801, and more battle honours).
		The Battle Honours of the Gloucestershire Regiment (1694 - 1994).
	members.tripod.com /~Glosters/Col61Z.html (677 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The First Battle of Kut, 1916
		The First Battle of Kut, begun on 5 April 1916, marked the final British attempt to relieve the Turkish siege of Sir Charles Townshend's beleaguered 10,000 troops garrisoned at Kut.
		Its failure sealed the fate of Townshend's force which, at last out of supplies, surrendered unconditionally to Turkish commander Khalil Pasha on 29 April 1916.
		No further attempts at relief were made save for a final, desperate effort to send supplies through to Kut via an armoured supply ship, the Julnar (which also failed).
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/kut1.htm (713 words)

	Capture of Kut Al Imara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The battle against Turkey on the Mesopotamian front began in October 1914 with an invasion of the coastal area by a British force which had been sent from India.
		In March, the main force, under the overall command of General Nixon, moved northwards up the Tigris and Euphrates towards Kut al Imara.
		The immediate aim was to secure the British position by extending their control over the whole of Lower Mesopotamia, although Baghdad was seen as the ultimate prize.
	www.westernfront.co.uk /thegreatwar/articles/timeline/capkut.htm (366 words)

	PARACHUTIST
		It gave a spirited account to itself in the seige of Kut Al Amara and fought fierce battles with the Turks earning 98 decorations and the battle honour of 'Kut Al Amara' and the theatre honour of 'esopotamia 1915-1918' and returned to India in 1920.
		The Battalion was re-designated as 1/2nd PUNJAB in 1922 and after a long but deserved respite it went on to spend another three years (1936-39) in Malaya.
		The Battalion's participation in World War II was a saga of memorable battles and sacrifies through a bloody pageant of historic names in Indian Military history.
	www.indianpost.com /viewstamp.php/Alpha/P/PARACHUTIST (339 words)

	Strategic Insights -- The First World War Mesopotamian Campaigns: Military Lessons on Iraqi Ground Warfare
		The Battle of Kut was doomed from the start, as the British planned the attack with hardly adequate logistical transport.
		The British should’ve known heat was a factor in the Battles of Nasiriya and Amara.
		With the surrender of Kut in 1915, it was not until 1917 that the British resumed offensive operations.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /si/2005/Jun/aboul-eneinJun05.asp (6666 words)

	Al-Mahdi Army / Active Religious Seminary / Al-Sadr's Group
		Coalition troops fought gun battles with members of Muqtada al-Sadr's Imam Al-Mahdi Army militia in the southern cities of Al-Nassiriyah, Amara, and Kut.
		Troops battled Shiite militias in half a dozen Iraqi towns and cities from near Kirkuk in the north to Basra in the south.
		Muhammad al Mahdi (the guided) is the 12th and last Imam of the Twelver Shi'i, and is also known as Muhammad al Muntazar (the awaited).
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/para/al-sadr.htm (4133 words)

	Official histories 1914-18 MAPS
		To illustrate the battle of Kut; 28th September 1915.
		Battle of Dojran, Attack of XII Corps, 18th September 1918.
		Battle of Dojran, Attack of XVI Corps, 18th September 1918.
	www.official-history-ww1.com /other_theatres/maplist.htm (497 words)

	World War 1: World War 1 Battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Battle of the Ardennes, -- 21 August 1914
		Battle of the Yser, -- 18 October 1914
		Battle of the Falkland Islands, -- 8 December 1914
	www.worldwar-1.com /world-war-1/world_war_1_battles.asp (685 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Loyal to Iraq, not to Saddam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Ossama served with the Jumhuriya division of the Republican Guard, and was meant to take part in the battle of Baghdad.
		In a sunny garden in Basra he appears very eager to talk about the battle, and about all those things from the past that he could not talk about -- not even to his wife.
		Some of his stories are difficult to verify, but even so they give a chilling impression of army life in Iraq and the types of stories told to soldiers to keep them from deserting.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/637/re4.htm (1336 words)

	Battle Honours
		Some of our most prized Battle Honours, such as Gibraltar and Quebec, were not authorised until many years after the event, while hard-fought victories such as Namur 1695, Germantown 1777 and Alkmaar 1799 have never been honoured.
		The Battle Honours shown in bold below are borne on the Colours of The Queen's Lancashire Regiment.
		Palestine 1917-18, Tigris 1916, Kut al Amara 1917, Baghdad, Mesopotamia 1916-18, Kilimanjaro, East Africa 1914-16.
	www.army.mod.uk /qlr/history/battle_honours.htm (321 words)

	Roll of Honour - Worcestershire - Worcester, King's School First World War
		Second Lieutenant J.M. Aldana was wounded during the Battle of the Transloy Ridges on the Somme in October 1916.
		From April 15th — 19th 1917, the battalion was resting in the cellars of Arras, leaving the city during the afternoon of 19th April.
		Lieutenant Frank J. Hemming was awarded the MC following the battle of Croiselles during which he defended an improvised work with great courage and tenacity, beating off repeated bombing attacks.
	www.roll-of-honour.com /Worcestershire/WorcesterKingsSchoolWW1.html (2857 words)

	[No title]
		Meanwhile, the Iraqi interim Defence Minister Hazim al-Shaalan said on Wednesday a "decisive battle" for Najaf was imminent and called on al-Sadr to surrender "within hours".
		This is a simple warning to the government of [Prime Minister Iyad] Allawi and to occupation forces, that we will bomb the main south oil export line if they do not leave Najaf within 48 hours and end the siege," said the statement signed by The Secret Action Group of The Imam Mahdi Army.
		Elsewhere, at least four Iraqis were killed and another four wounded when their minibus was caught in a shoot-out between US forces and insurgents near the southern city of Kut, police and the military said.
	www.indybay.org /newsitems/2004/08/18/16922961.php?printable=true (1374 words)

	MESOPOTAMIA CAMPAIGN 1914-1918 VOL III. OFFICIAL HISTORY ...
		This volume takes the story from May 1916 up to 30 April 1917, covering the battle of Kut Al Amara, the pursuit of the Turks, the occupation of Baghdad and the subsequent operations around Baghdad.
		During this period command of the British forces had passed to General Maude whose papers were made available to the author by the generals's widow, Lady Maude.
		The range of titles stocked covers the whole spectrum of military history with titles on uniforms, battles, official histories, specialist works containing medal rolls and casualties lists, and numismatic titles for medal collectors and researchers.
	www.naval-military-press.com /books/details/1886.htm (241 words)

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