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	Battle of Laupen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Illustration of the Battle of Laupen (by Diebold Schilling the Elder, 1480s).
		The Battle of Laupen (46°54′N 7°14′E) of 1339 was fought between the Berne and its allies on one side, and Habsburg together with Burgundian allies on the other, with Berne victorious.
		The siege was relieved on 21 June by a force of 6,000, consisting of Bernese, supported by Swiss confederates, who had entered a military alliance with Berne in 1323, and other allies (Simmental, Weissenburg, Oberhasli).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Laupen (313 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As a consequence, Leopold III of Austria assembled an army and met the Eidgenossen near Sempach in 1386, where his troops were defeated decisively in the Battle of Sempach and he himself was killed.
		Battle of Näfels in 1388, an Austrian army of
		Battle of Dornach, where the emperor's commander was killed, put an end to the war.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy.html (4850 words)

	The Middle Ages. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Military doctrine and tactics were almost nonexistent, and battles showed all the sophistication of armed scuffles and sword-swinging melees among groups of mounted men.
		To counter the power of the mounted knight, the opponent had either to withstand the shock of a mounted assault against infantry or be able to deliver sufficient missiles from a distance great enough to inflict casualties on the mounted formation and prevent it from closing with the infantry.
		At the Battle of Laupen (1339) the Swiss infantry annihilated a force of mounted knights by the simple trick of reinventing the Macedonian phalanx complete with 18-foot pikes similar to the sarissae used by Alexander's infantry sixteen hundred years earlier.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/gabrmetz/gabr0017.htm (793 words)

	Battle of Laupen, 21 June 1339 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The league troops were besieging Laupen, garrisoned by Bernese troops.
		On the right, the league cavalry was engaged in fierce combat with the troops from the Forest Cantons, but when the victors from the left joined the attack, the league army was defeated.
		League loses were heavy, but many of them were suffered after the battle, when many horsemen forced into the river Sense drowned.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/battles_laupen.html (192 words)

	Individual Detail
		Battle of Sempach: the Swiss defeat the Duke Leopold III.
		A legend tells that the battle was won due to a heroic act of a Swiss named Winkelried.
		Battle of Stoss: Appenzell under the command at Rudolf von Werdenberg defeats the Austrians.
	mypage.bluewin.ch /Ruegg/timeline_e_2.htm (1769 words)

	Battle Index
		La Roche Derien, battle of, 27 June 1347 (Brittany)
		Laugharne castle, siege of, 29 October-3 November 1644
		Leipzig, battle of ('The Battle of Nations'), 16-18 October 1813
	www.historyofwar.org /battleindex_l.html (54 words)

	Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		While the cantons of the Swiss Confederation went to war flying their individual banners, they soon recognised the need for a common recognition sign, and as early as 1339 at the battle of Laupen, troops wore a long-armed narrow white linen cross stitched on their breasts, sleeves and thighs.
		At the battle of Arbedo in 1422 and quite regularly thereafter, mixed levies from more than one Canton carried red triangular guidons with a white cross (see image).
		The last time this triangular guidon appeared in battle was in 1540, by which time it was already evolving into a full four-sided flag.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ch.html (2547 words)

	A History of Europe, Chapter 9
		In 1325, Edward sent his queen, Isabella, and their son, Edward III, to pay homage to the queen's brother, King Charles IV of France; according to feudal law, the king of England was still a vassal of the French king, and this duty was required to keep the duchy of Aquitaine in English hands.
		The only battles which lasted more than a day were sieges, and a siege was something to avoid if at all possible, since the attacker often suffered more than the defender whose castle he was trying to take.
		In the battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury, Warwick was slain, and Henry was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he died (presumably murdered).
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /europe/eu09.html (21668 words)

	Swiss rifles in the world wars - Military Photos
		In 1339, 6 500 Swiss infantrymen defeated 12 000 German invaders at the battle of Laupen.
		In 1386, at the Battle of Sempach, 4 000 Austrian knights were defeated by 1 300 Swiss peasants.
		At the Battle of Morat, another French army of 23 000 was destroyed by a surprise attack, with the Swiss killing 10 000 French invaders, for the loss of only 410 Swiss.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=69841 (4563 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Battle of Leignitz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The battle of Doryleaum (1097).Which Crusaders won a victory was a hard battle, the heavy european knights were saved by their number.
		After this battle the crusaders met the turks, and they understand that this enemy was different and mortal.
		During the battle of Mohi, dismounted templars held the bridge against several mongol attacks before they were overcome by catapults and arrows.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=6245 (2620 words)

	The Military Revoutions of the Hundred Years
		The battle of Laupen (1339), where Swiss halberdiers and pikemen resoundingly defeated the cavalry and infantry of the Burgundian nobility, was something different.
		When the graves of those killed by the Swiss at the battle of Sempach were opened at the end of the nineteenth century, it was found that "the skulls were nearly all dreadfully split by halberd-strokes." C.
		Battle went out of favor with the Artillery Fortress Revolution of the early sixteenth century, but came back into favor with the "Gustavian" revolution a century later.
	www.deremilitari.org /RESOURCES/ARTICLES/rogers.htm (14657 words)

	Two Views on the Battle of Crécy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Battle of Crécy, fought on Saturday, August 26, 1346 was the one of the most significant battles during the Hundred Years War.
		The battles analysed in detail are: Courtrai, Arques, Mons-en-Pevele, Loudon Hill, Kephissos, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, Cassel, Dupplin Moor, Halidon Hill, Laupen, Morlaix, Staveren, Vottem, Crecy, Neville's Cross, and the infantry ambushes: Morgarten, Auberoche, and La Roche-Derrien.
		Unlike previous historians, he argues that the quest for decisive battle underlay Edward's strategy in every campaign he undertook, though the English also utilized sieges and ferocious devastation of the countryside to advance their war efforts.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/articles/crecy.htm (286 words)

	FIREARMS AND FREEDOM - Switzerland's Secret Strategy For Survival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1339, 6 500 Swiss infantrymen defeated 12000 German invaders at the battle of Laupen.
		In 1386, at the Battle of Sempach, 4000 Austrian knights were defeated by 1 300 Swiss peasants.
		At the Battle of Morat, another French army of 23 000 was destroyed by a surprise attack, with the Swiss killing 10000 French invaders, for the loss of only 410 Swiss.
	www.christianaction.org.za /firearmnews/2002-2_targetswitzerland.htm (3214 words)

	SWITZERLAND IN CHINA 瑞士在中国
		When they fought in battle, soldiers carried the colours of their canton.
		However, since the time of the Battle of Laupen (1339) they had sewn a white cross onto their clothing in order to have a common recognition sign.
		During the Helvetic period (1798 – 1803) Napoleon forbade the Swiss to wear the cross and instead made them carry a tricolour of green, red and yellow.
	www.switzerland.com.cn /main_page2.htm (356 words)

	Geography - Merriam-Webster's Atlas
		Schwyz, one of the original three cantons of the Swiss Confederation, placed a narrow white cross in the corner of its flag in 1240.
		This was also used in 1339 at the Battle of Laupen.
		Following the 1848 constitution, the flag was recognized by the army, and it was established as the national flag on land on Dec. 12, 1889.
	www.merriam-webster.com /cgi-bin/nytmaps.pl?switzerland (139 words)

	Swiss Faction Thread - The Guild (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		At the battles of Morgarten in 1315 and Sempach 1386, the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured a de facto independence.
		It is generally accepted that the swiss battle formation was for three columns to advance in echelon with the van making for a predetermined point in the enemy line while the centre advanced parallel but slightly to the left or right rear of the van.
		The rear followed the centre in a similar formation, although when battle was engaged it would often halt before a decision was made to commit it.
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/showthread.php?t=48009 (1043 words)

	Swiss Confederation - Infantry Troops
		Swiss unifoms were influenced by German, Italian, and Burgundian fashion.
		The first record of the white Swiss cross dates to the Battle of Laupen, 1339.
		This appears to have been the major field recognition sign of the Swiss, and was fashioned from white cloth and sewn onto the hose or doublet.
	www.geocities.com /buffalobill70/swissinfantry.html (563 words)

	Swiss mercenaries - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Swiss were not flattered by the imitation, and the two bodies of mercenaries immediately became bitter rivals over employment and on the battlefield, where they were often opposed during the major European conflict of the early sixteenth century, the Great Italian Wars.
		Even the close defeat at the terrible Battle of Marignano in 1515, the "Battle of Giants," was seen as a victory of sorts for Swiss arms due to the ferocity of the fighting and the good order of their withdrawal.
		Their performance three years later, in French service at the great battle of the age, the Battle of Pavia, was commented on by many contemporaries as remarkably mediocre, and the battle is often portrayed as the benchmark for the decline in the reputation of the Swiss.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swiss_mercenaries (2212 words)

	Swiss Genealogy : Canton Bern - history
		Establishment of treaties and alliances between cities controlled by Burgundy and Berne.
		Battle of Laupen (rural gentry resists the city).
		Battle of Sempach (territorial expansion: Seeland and Oberland).
	www.genealogienetz.de /reg/CH/kant/behist-e.htm (502 words)

	Numismatik World Coins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I may expand this again in the future, and welcome all readers to provide additional pertinent data, or more accurate insights than I have accomplished so far.
		Shortly thereafter the Austrian (Hapsburg) army was defeated at the Battle of Morgarten, and the Forest Cantons claimed independence.
		1476: In The Battle of Murten, Charles the Bold was defeated, liberating
	www.numiswiss.com /history.htm (1673 words)

	Swiss Federal Archives - Subject-based research - Subjects in focus - About Switzerland - The Swiss Cross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		At first, however, the cross did not act as a symbol of unity between the confederates, for the same symbol was used by opponents of the confederates, such as the armies from Burgundy and the forces of the German rulers.
		The first record of the use of the white cross comes in the Battle of Laupen in 1339.
		The cross was borne by the Bernese at that time.
	virtor.bar.admin.ch /En/rec/the/ueb/sch.aspx (602 words)

	Berne / Bern, Switzerland
		After the Zähringen dynasty died out the Emperor Frederick II granted Berne self-government and its own law court.
		In the Battle of Laupen (1339) the Bernese, led by Rudolf von Erlach, defeated the Burgundian nobility.
		In 1353 Berne became a member of the young Confederation, in which the military prowess of its citizens enabled it to play a leading role.
	www.planetware.com /switzerland/berne-bern-ch-be-ber.htm (445 words)

	Neuenegg Berne (Region) Tiscover Welcome Bramberg battle at Laupen vestry church KISSswiss
		Like Laupen, Neuenegg belongs to the state of Berne since 1324.
		The church was first mentioned in 1228 and together with other traditional buildings, it forms part of the cultural-spiritual centre of the village.
		The nearby Bramberg Mountain is the site of the famous battle of Laupen on the afternoon of the longest day - the 21 June 1339 -, where Berne secured its dominance with its victory over the Western Swiss gentry and the Austrians.
	www.tiscover.ch /ch/guide/707ch,en,SCH1/objectId,RGN1667ch,curr,CHF,season,at2,selectedEntry,home/home.html (131 words)

	Berne, Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		On August 1, 1291, farmers from three valley communities (Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden) meet and form a pact against the Habsburgs, thus forming the Confederation.
		In 1339, at the battle of Laupen, Berne defeats the united nobility of Burgundy
		16th - 18th centuries After defeat at the Battle of Marignano at the hands of the French, Switzerland signs a treaty of perpetual peace with France and begins to follow a policy of neutrality.
	williambader.com /hidden/lucerne/berne/berne.html (1917 words)

	Switzerland: the meaning of the flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This origin explains its square shape: with the Vatican flag, it is the single square-shaped flag!
		If I remember correctly, the white cross on the red field appeared for the first time during the battle of Laupen in 1339.
		Moreover: our fatherland has always been under God's protection, as recalled for us in the first words of the 1291 Pact: "In the name of Almighty God..." [The everlasting Pact concluded by people from Schwyz, Uri and Unterwalden cantons on the meadow of Rutli in 1291 is considered as the birth act of the Confederation.]
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ch-const.html (1406 words)

	Thomas's Glassware Tour --- Bern (CH)
		The medieval fortifications, which were torn down only about 100 years ago, were finally built in the 14th century.
		In 1339 Bern was victorious in the battle of Laupen in its struggle for independence.
		In 1353 the town joiyned the Swiss Confereation but continued to pursue its own policies.
	www.thomasgraz.net /glass/gl-1296.htm (357 words)

	[No title]
		Bern's coat of arms, depicting a bear, first appeared in 1224, and to this day bears remain indelibly associated with the city.
		In 1339, at the battle of Laupen, Bern defeated the united nobility of Burgundy, and asserted its newfound independence by joining the Swiss Confederation in 1353.
		In 1848 the city retained became the federal capital.
	www.fisu.net /site/page_870.php (442 words)

	1339 Fight of the People of Battle Near Laupen Giclee Print by Diebold Schilling The Elder at AllPosters.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		1339 Fight of the People of Battle Near Laupen by Diebold Schilling The Elder
		This art print was created using a sophisticated digital printer.
		The Giclee printing process delivers a fine stream of ink on archival paper, resulting in vivid, pure color and exceptional detail that is suitable for museum or gallery display.
	www.allposters.com /-sp/1339-Fight-of-the-People-of-Battle-Near-Laupen_i1519915_.htm?aid=398737 (145 words)

	Switzerland
		Nice light even wear on totally problem-free surfaces
		Battle of Laupen / Superb luster with delicate toning.
		500th Anniversary battle of St. Jakob An Der Birs
	www.tebocoin.com /html/body_switzerland.html (36 words)

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