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Topic: Battle of Legnano

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	Historical Battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		battle of Zurakow 1676 battle of Zlotow 1677 conquest of Weissenburg
		15.8.1702 battle of Luzzara 22.9.1702 battle of Thorn 12.10.1702 conquest of
		battle of Denain 22.12.1712 battle of Gadebesk 1713 conquest of Tönning
	britishbattles.homestead.com /files/index/HistoricalBattlesconsolidated.htm (8731 words)

	Battle Of Legnano (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Battle of Legnano, fought in 1176, marked the culmination of the futile attempts of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I ''Barbarossa'' to dominate the Italian city states of Lombardy.
		During the battle, Frederick's forces were demoralized when he was wounded and erroneously thought to have been killed.
		It draws its inspiration from the battle of Legnano, which had occurred 7 centuries earlier, seen in the context of the struggle for the unification of Italy, the Risorgimento, and the expulsion of Austrian rule from Northeastern Italy: a political cause fervently championed by Verdi.
	www.seattleluxury.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/entry/Battle_of_Legnano (296 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Battle of Legnano
		The Battle of Legnano was fought on 29 May 1176 between the German forces of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and the forces of the Lombard League of north Italian cities.
		It was the first of the wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines which dominated north Italian politics for the next century.
		Although Frederick subsequently negotiated a favorable peace, Legnano marked the Empire's last effort to control the lands south of the Alps during his reign.
	reference.com /browse/wiki/Battle_of_Legnano (471 words)

	THE FEAST OF THE CARROCCIO BETWEEN STORY AND FOLKLORE
		The Feast of the Carroccio is representation of the commemorative demonstrations of the Battle of Legnano, the fight of May 29th, 1176 that saw the victory of the commons allies in the League Lombarda on the imperial army of Fred I known as the Barbarossa.
		The company is headed by Albert form Giussano, legendary figure of the commander, who won the battle.
		The procession is closed by the Carroccio, the wagon symbol of the town’s freedom against the presence of the imperial power.
	www.itctosi.va.it /LTM/feastcarrocio.htm (354 words)

	List of battles 601-1400
		1176 Battle of Myriokephalon Seljuk Turks defeat army of Emperor Manuel I Comnenus of the Byzantine Empire in Phrygia
		1212 Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa July 16 Moors expelled from most of Iberia a joint army of the Christian kingdoms of Castile, Leon, Portugal, Navarre and Aragon.
		1213 Battle of Damme[?] - English under William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury sink most of fleet of France's King Philip II in the harbor of Damme.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_battles_601-1400.html (1261 words)

	Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Battle of Manzikert (Byzantine Empire), crushing defeat of Byzantine army led by the Emperor Romanus IV Diogenes inflicted by the Seljouks of Alp Arslan
		Battle of Aljubarotta (Portugal), victory for John, master of Avis, establishing him as king of Portugal.
		Battle of Arbedo (Italy), defeat of an invading Swiss army by Milanese forces.
	www.historyofwar.org /periodframe.html (1192 words)

	Battle of Cortenuova - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Cortenuova was fought on 27 November 1237 when Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II defeated the Lombard League.
		The sources refer to 7000 - 10,000 Apulian Moslem archers, which intervened at the end of the battle - "emptying their quiver", as quoted by Pier delle Vigne - and probably saved the army from a repeat of the defeat at the Battle of Legnano.
		This was one of a number of campaigns by Frederick II against the Lombard municipalities during 1235 - 1239.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Cortenuova (279 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Guelphs and Ghibellines
		The prolonged struggle carried on by the successors of Honorius, from Gregory IX to Clement IV, against the last Swabian princes, mingled with the worst excesses of the Italian factions on either side, is the central and most typical phase of the Guelph and Ghibelline story.
		The Genoese fleet, conveying the French cardinals and prelates to a council summoned at Rome, was destroyed by the Pisans at the battle of Meloria (1241); and Gregory's successor, Innocent IV, was compelled to take refuge in France (1245).
		The defeat of Frederick's grandson, Conradin, at the battle of Tagliacozzo (1268) followed by his judicial murder at Naples by the command of Charles, marks the end of the struggle and the overthrow of the German imperial power in Italy for two and a half centuries.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07056c.htm (2031 words)

	Battle of Legnano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Legnano - Cortenuova - Brescia - Faenza - Viterbo - Parma - Fossalta - Cingoli - Montebruno - Cassano - Montaperti - Benevento - Tagliacozzo - Colle Val d'Elsa - Roccavione - Desio - Campaldino - Zappolino
		Because of this, the Imperial troops started to flee and were largely chased down by Lombard cavalry.
		The outcome of this battle was largely the result of the courage of the Italian infantry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Legnano (594 words)

	Battle of Fossalta - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Legnano - Cortenuova - Brescia - Faenza - Viterbo - Parma -
		The Battle of Fossalta was fought on May 26, 1249 between Bologna and an alliance of Cremona, Modena, and Sardinia.
		Bologna won the battle, and Enzio was captured.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Fossalta (123 words)

	5MBS
		Battaglia di Legnano La (The Battle of Legnano)
		Arrigo leaps down from the balcony, but in battle, in which the Lombards are victorious, is mortally wounded, brought back to die in Milan Cathedral.
		The overture is occasionally heard in the concert-hall, while the oath scene by the patriots has its own place in operatic literature.
	www.5mbs.com /battle.htm (249 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Alexander III
		In 1174, he received the penance of King Henry II of England for the murder of Saint Thomas Becket.
		Following the Battle of Legnano in 1176, Frederick was finally forced to submit to papal authority.
		He issued many decretals, established the procedure for canonizing saints, inaugurated the two-thirds rule for papal elections, protected universities, and was one of the most distinguished champions of ecclesiastical independence in the Middle Ages.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0170.htm (154 words)

	Alexander III, pope. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In the long struggle with the emperor, the pope was aided by the Lombard League, which named the town of Alessandria for him.
		After the battle of Legnano (1176), the emperor was forced to submit.
		Alexander had already (1174) received the penance of Henry II of England for the murder of St. Thomas Becket, whom Alexander had canonized in 1173.
	www.bartleby.com /65/al/Alexand3.html (276 words)

	Friedrich I, 'Barbarossa' Holy_Roman_Empir (1122 - 10 Jun 1190)
		The League defeated Frederick at the Battle of Legnano in 1176.
		The fifth expedition (1174-76) of Frederick to Italy terminated in defeat by the Lombard League at Legnano.
		Frederick was forced in 1177 to acknowledge Alexander III as pope and in 1183 to sign the Peace of Constance, acceding to the demands of the Lombards for autonomy but retaining imperial suzerainty over the towns.
	www.smokykin.com /ged/f002/f56/a0025623.htm (888 words)

	Germany, Federal Republic of - Search View - MSN Encarta
		During his fifth invasion of Italy, lacking the support of Henry the Lion, Frederick was defeated by the league at the Battle of Legnano (1176).
		But by 1237 he was battling in northern Italy against the second Lombard League of cities.
		Ferdinand, however, crushed the Bohemian forces at the Battle of Weisserberg (1620); Frederick, called the Winter King, was exiled; and Catholicism was restored by force.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761576917__1/Germany_Federal_Republic_of.html (18249 words)

	BRAVEHEART
		Include in your explanation an example of a specific battle it was used in during the Hundred Years War.
		When the battle opened on May 14, Edward led a cavalry charge that scattered the London burghers like dead leaves in a windstorm.
		His life, culminating in his heroic death, roused Scots to a sense of unity and identity that is envied by the English to this day.
	www.fordhamprep.org /pettuss/braveheart.htm (2261 words)

	Three Monkeys Bossi's Lega Nord - history and myth
		This design is based on a statue erected in 1876 at Legnano to commemorate the famous victory won by the medieval Lombard League over the army of the German emperor Frederick I Barbarossa (1152-90) at that location in 1176.
		Verdi’s opera La Battaglia di Legnano, which was first performed in 1849 shortly after northern Italy had risen against the Austrians, was assumed to have a thinly veiled political message both by the Italian audiences who received it rapturously and the Austrian authorities who banned it.
		All of this is richly ironic when one considers that the programme of Bossi and his followers is diametrically opposed to the aims of the Mazzini, Cavour and the other architects of the Risorgimento: the former seek to destroy the unified Italy that the latter brought into being.
	www.threemonkeysonline.com /threemon_printable.php?id=7 (2392 words)

	Guelphs and Ghibellines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Welfs were said to have used the name as a rallying cry during the Battle of Weinsberg in 1140, in which the rival Hohenstaufens of Swabia (led at the time by Conrad III) used Waiblingen, the name of a castle, as their cry.
		The Lombard League defeated Frederick at the Battle of Legnano in 1176.
		At the beginning of the 13th century, Philip of Swabia and Otto of Brunswick were rivals for the throne.
	guelphs-and-ghibellines.iqnaut.net (645 words)

	Forums at the Society
		Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanids at the Battle of Ctesiphon 1167.
		The Lombard League defeats Emperor Frederick I at the Battle of Legnano 1453.
		Battle of Adobe Walls, Kit Carson commands the 1st NM Volunteer Cavalry against the Kiowa.
	www.militaryhorse.org /forum/post.asp?method=ReplyQuote&REPLY_ID=54243&TOPIC_ID=2320&FORUM_ID=3 (3390 words)

	The Lombards / Langobarden - Ancient Roman Empire Forums
		At the battle field, wotan saw the winniler women, and was puzzled, what he saw were females with facial hair, so he asked his wife, "who are these longbeards" freyja replied,"you called out their name out, now grant them victory".
		The Lombards were great warriors and won alot of battles, a historic battle was fought in this region against the Vandals, and the vandals were crushed, this is the battle the myth is reffering to.
		The lega won the battle of urbino 1174 against an Northern italian ghibelline army.
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2561&mode=linearplus (4030 words)

	Legnano Rental Car with Hire Car Italy
		Legnano is a city in northern Italy, northwest of Milan, with a population of roughly 53,000.
		Its coat of arms' color are light earth brown, white with a red-colored tree and red with a white lion.
		Antonio Salieri was born in Legnano on August 18, 1750
	www.hire-car-italy.com /locations/Legnano-rental-car.html (434 words)

	Easter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There are many legends surrounding the dove or la colomba.
		One of these legends states that immediately after Easter, during the Battle of Legnano, the Milanese who were fighting Barbarrossa saw the battle turn in their favor when 3 doves flew up from a church.
		The story is that the Milanese have commemorated the event by eating dove shaped cakes on Easter.
	www.geneseo.edu /~ec7/Easter.html (435 words)

	Lombard League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the Battle of Legnano on May 29, 1176, Frederick I was defeated and, by the Peace of Venice, agreed to a six-year truce from 1177 to 1183, until the Treaty of Constance, where the Italian cities agreed to remain loyal to the Empire but retained local jurisdiction over their territories.
		The Lombard League was renewed several times and after 1226 regained its former prestige by countering the efforts of Frederick II to gain greater power in Italy.
		These efforts included the taking of Vicenza and the Battle of Cortenuova which established the reputation of the Emperor as a skillful strategist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lombard_League (310 words)

	OPERA REVIEW; A Call to Arms and the All the Intricacies of a Triangle - New York Times
		Eve Queler, the music director of the Opera Orchestra of New York, rightly prides herself on her good record of introducing singers who then go on to important careers.
		Her concert performance of Verdi's neglected early opera ''La Battaglia di Legnano'' on Tuesday night at Carnegie Hall had four such singers, all of whom were making return appearances.
		Its subject is the defeat of Barbarossa, the Holy Roman emperor, in 1176 by the cities of Milan and Como, which had forged an alliance to overthrow German occupation, at the battle of Legnano.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05E0DC103BF93AA25752C1A9679C8B63 (403 words)

	Battle of Legnano, 29 May 1176 (Italy)
		Battle between Frederick Barbarossa and the Lombard cities allied with Milan.
		Frederick had called for German aid in his struggle in Italy, and the army that had responded had reached Como.
		Barbarossa himself escaped, and reappeared three days later, but his cause in Italy was greatly weakened.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_legnano.html (255 words)

	Timeline 1100 to 1199
		Banners of various saints were carried into battle which led to its being called Battle of the Standard.
		1187 Jul 4, Battle of Hittin (Tiberias): Saladin defeated Reinoud of Chƒtillon.
		The battle was depicted in a mosaic that was found and restored for the palace of Pres, Hafez Assad of Syria.
	www.timelines.ws /1100_1199.HTML (5292 words)

	NPR World Of Opera
		And believe it or not, this week's opera, while written in the 19th-century and set hundreds of years before that, goes right along with a patriotic theme.
		The opera is The Battle of Legnano by Verdi, and it's opening chorus, "Viva Italia," is a kind of unofficial Italian national anthem.
		They're especially glad to be together because Arrigo has returned from a battle in which everyone thought he had been killed.
	www.npr.org /programs/worldofopera/archives/020928.woo.html (467 words)

	ItalianMade.com - FOODS: Colomba
		One tells how, during the Battle of Legnano, just after Easter, the Milanesi in combat against Barbarossa witnessed the fight turn in their favor when 3 doves flew from a church.
		Legend says that ever since, the Milanesi recall this event by eating cakes in the shape of a dove.
		Background image and most photos in this section courtesy of Giuliano Bugialli, all right reserved (see Copyright and Credits).
	www.italianmade.com /foods/subcat30011.cfm (128 words)

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