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	BATTLE OF LEPANTO - LoveToKnow Article on BATTLE OF LEPANTO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		LEPANTO, BATTLE OF, fought on the 7th of October 1571.
		The battle of Lepanto was of immense political importance.
		Historically the battle is interesting because it was the last example of an encounter on a great scale between fleets of galleys and also because it was the last crusade.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LE/LEPANTO_BATTLE_OF.htm (817 words)

	Battle of Lepanto (1571) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the better-known participants in the battle was Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes, who was wounded in the battle, and effectively lost the use of his left hand.
		During the course of the battle, the Ottoman commander's ship was boarded and the Spanish tercios from 3 galleys and the Turkish janissaries from 7 galleys fought on the deck of the Turkish Sultana.
		The Battle of Lepanto limited Ottoman ambitions in the Mediterranean, just as the Battles of Diu (1509 and 1538) had limited their ambitions in the Indian Ocean and the Siege of Vienna (1529) and the Battle of Vienna (1683) stopped their advance into Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto_(1571) (1563 words)

	AllRefer.com - Lepanto, battle of (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		Lepanto, battle of[lipan´tO] Pronunciation Key, Oct. 7, 1571, naval battle between the Christians and Ottomans fought at the mouth of the Gulf of Patras, off Lepanto, Greece.
		Lepanto was the first major Ottoman defeat by the Christian powers, and it ended the myth of Ottoman naval invincibility.
		Nevertheless, the battle was decisive in the sense that an Ottoman victory probably would have made the Ottoman Empire supreme in the Mediterranean.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lepanto.html (353 words)

	Battle of Lepanto (1571) - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Battle of Lepanto was a major battle fought off the west coast of what is now Greece on October 7 1571.
		One of the more well-known participants in the battle was Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes, who was wounded and lost the use of his left hand.
		The battle was the first major victory of any European army or navy against the Ottoman Empire and therefore it had a psychological importance.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Battle_of_Lepanto_(1571) (928 words)

	The Battle of Lepanto
		Lepanto is a town in Greece which the Ottomans controlled during the height of their empire.
		During the Battle of Lepanto, which took place in 1571 under the rule of Selim II ("The Drunkard"), an allied navy made up of ships from Venice, Genoa, and the Hapsburg-controlled lands attacked the Ottoman navy, which was defending that settlement.
		This was a completely one-sided battle, which definately hurt the Ottoman Empire: out of their entire navy, which consisted of about 230-240 boats before the battle, around 200 of the boats were sunk.
	www.lakesideschool.org /studentweb/worldhistory/IslamicEmpirese/BattleofLepanto.htm (263 words)

	Battle of Lepanto (1571) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was the final major naval battle in world history to take place between exclusively oared-galleys.
		As the battle started, Doria found that Uluj Ali's galleys extended further to the south than his own, and so headed south to avoid being out-flanked.
		Playwright Howard Barker refers to the Battle of Lepanto in his play Scenes from an Execution, which premiered in 1986.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto_(1571) (1563 words)

	Battle of Lepanto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Battle of Lepanto (1499) during the Turkish-Venetian Wars
		Battle of Lepanto (1571) defeat of the Turkish fleet
		An earlier battle near modern Lepanto was called the Battle of Naupactus (429 BC).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto (131 words)

	The Venetian Period in Cyprus - Battle of Lepanto
		The fleets of Spain and Venice, with squadrons from Genoa and the Papal states, concentrated at Messina under the supreme command of Don John of Austria.
		The battle of Lepanto was fought on 7 October, and after enormous losses on both sides the greater part of the Ottoman fleet was taken or destroyed.
		Lepanto is a fitting close to a chapter in history.
	www.cypnet.com /.ncyprus/history/venetian/v11.htm (235 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Lepanto (1571) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Gulf of Corinth or the Corinthian Gulf is a deep inlet of the Ionian Sea separating the Peloponnese from western mainland Greece.
		The French battleship Orient burns, 1 August 1798, during the Battle of the Nile A naval battle is a battle fought using ships or other waterborne vessels.
		The whole battle was over by four o'clock that afternoon, even though many of the Christian galleys were still giving chase to the Turkish ships and other solitary escaping Turkish vessels.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Lepanto-(1571) (1155 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Battle of Lepanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Battle of Lepanto (1500) (additional info and facts about Battle of Lepanto (1500)) during the Turkish-Venetian Wars
		Battle of Lepanto (1571) (additional info and facts about Battle of Lepanto (1571)) defeat of the Turkish fleet
		An earlier battle near modern Lepanto was called the Battle of Naupactus (429 BC) (additional info and facts about Battle of Naupactus (429 BC)).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/battle_of_lepanto.htm (77 words)

	The Rosary defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Lepanto...
		The Rosary defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Lepanto...
		This is the story of the Battle of Lepanto, which marked the end of the Crusades and was a turning point in the history of Christianity.
		From dawn to dusk the prayers continued in Rome as the Christians and the Muslims battled at Lepanto.
	www.tldm.org /News6/Lepanto.htm (1473 words)

	Battle of Lepanto (1571) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Battle of Lepanto[?] occurred on October 7, 1571 between Ottoman naval forces and the combined naval power of the Pope, Spain, and Venice (with some minor contributions from Genoa, other Italian states, and the Knights of Malta).
		The battle was a crushing defeat for the Ottomans, who lost all but about 40 of their approximately 300 ships involved in the battle.
		The Battle of Lepanto was one of the most decisive naval defeats in the Mediterranean between the Battle of Actium (in 31 BC) and the Battle of the Nile during the Napoleonic wars.
	www.explainthis.info /ba/battle-of-lepanto-(1571).html (297 words)

	MSN Encarta - Battle of Lepanto
		Battle of Lepanto, naval engagement fought on October 7, 1571, in the Gulf of Lepanto (now Gulf of Corinth) between an Ottoman fleet and that of the Holy League, an alliance of Spain, Venice, Genoa, and the Papal States formed by Pope Julius II in 1511.
		The battle was the first major victory of the Christians against the Ottoman Empire, and as such it was psychologically important.
		It was of small practical impact, however, for the Ottomans retained supremacy on land and quickly renewed their fleet.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564639/Lepanto_Battle_of.html (124 words)

	Tactics of Lepanto
		When tactics are mentioned at all, Lepanto comes across in Anglo-American naval historiography as a nautical Donnybrook Fair, a mindless slugfest where the only thought of the opposing commanders was to come to grips as quickly as possible, eliminating all nautical subtleties to engage in a "land battle at sea," whatever that means.
		The reasons for this are pivotal: Lepanto's outcome hinged on differences in the design and tactical capabilities of the warships engaged and on the way in which the opposing commanders used them.
		In a technical sense, Lepanto may have been a meeting engagement—there is no evidence that either commander deliberately selected the location of the battle—but in fact, Lepanto was fought remarkably close to plan on both sides.
	www.angelfire.com /ga4/guilmartin.com/Lepanto.html (12676 words)

	CEHD
		By the late 1960s when I began my research on Lepanto, historians—my reference is mostly to the Anglo-Americans rather than the French… and certainly not the Spanish!—saw the battle tactically as a brainless slugging match and strategically, at best, as a missed opportunity for Christendom.
		If, in the days before the battle, sea and wind conditions had differed appreciably from those that prevailed it is most unlikely that four of the six galleasses would have been at their assigned places before the opposing fleets met and the other two close enough to weigh in before battle's end.
		In fact, at the time of Lepanto, with the exception of the Venetians, the majority of whose galleys were triremes alla sensile with twenty-four banks of oars and six oarsmen to the bank, galleys generally had twenty-four banks or more, rowed a scaloccio, with four men to an oar and eight to a bank.
	www.angelfire.com /ga4/guilmartin.com/CEHD.html (4356 words)

	The Battle of Lepanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nafpaktos the Jewel of the Corinthian Gulf, where the famous Naval Battle of Lepanto took place on Oct 7, 1571.The Gulf of Lepanto is a long arm of the Ionian Sea running from east to west and separating the Pelloponnesian peninsula to the south from the Greek mainland to the north.
		The Battle of Lepanto marked the end of Turkish naval supremacy and the beginning of the Ottoman Empire's decline on both land and sea.
		The Gulf of Lepanto is a long arm of the Ionian Sea running from east to west and separating the Peloponnesian peninsula to the south from the Greek mainland to the north.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-religion/996617/posts (3919 words)

	Dissertations, Essays on Battle Of Lepanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		· Lepanto was said to be the most spectacular navel battle of the 16th century and indeed a permanent mark on military history.
		· Lepanto to a large extent was a clash of the civilisations.
		The battle had large psychological implications, defeating the Turkish supremecy sentiment that was held by many.
	www.essayboom.com /essay/Battle_Of_Lepanto-156515.html (164 words)

	The Battle of Lepanto, lepanto, Nafpaktos.com,The Internet Tourist Guide for Nafpaktos and Greece
		Everyone scrambled to battle stations and, as the fleet advanced, strained for the first sight of the enemy force.
		ccording to naval practice in those days, the moment two rival fleets finally assumed their respective battle formations, the leader of one would fire a piece of artillery as a challenge to fight, and the opponent would answer by firing two cannon to signify that he was ready to give battle.
		Perhaps the most important result of the battle was its effect on men's minds: the victory had ended the myth that the Turks could not be beaten.
	www.nafpaktos.com /battle_of_lepanto.htm (1128 words)

	Crucifix Carried in the Battle of Lepanto - Save Venice
		The 14th-century wooden Crucifix, known to Venetians as “the Lepanto Cross,” came to adorn the church of San Martino after the destruction of the nearby church of the Madonna dell’Arsenale.
		The Battle of Lepanto was the decisive naval confrontation that ended Turkish domination of the Eastern Mediterranean.
		Reinforcing the tradition connecting San Martino’s Lepanto Crucifix to one of the most famous naval battles in Venetian history, Lane reports that before the battle, “… A crucifix was raised aloft on every galley.
	www.savevenice.org /site/pp.asp?c=9eIHKWMHF&b=68133 (243 words)

	The Battle of Lepanto
		In particular, a great battle between Roman Catholic countries and the Moslem Ottoman Turks over control of the Mediterranean was fought in 1571 off the coast of Greece near the "Little Dardanelles" and the shipyards of Nafpaktos, also called Lepanto, at the mouth of the Gulf of Patras.
		The battle of Lepanto was one of the last "Crusades" before modern times, before Napoleon took Egypt, before the Turks massacred the Christian Armenians, before the creation of the state of Israel on the territory of Moslem and Christian Palestine, and the reoccupation of Kuwait and Iraq, and other wars.
		In the poem 'Lepanto', Mahound is taller than the trees; his voice is thunder, commanding the angel of death Azrael and the pagan spirits Ariel and Ammon.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1093291/posts (4357 words)

	Lepanto, battle of on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(lĬpăn´tō), Oct. 7, 1571, naval battle between the Christians and Ottomans fought in the strait between the gulfs of Pátrai and Corinth, off Lepanto (Návpaktos), Greece.
		Major battle, minor outcome The importance of the Christian victory over the Turks at Lepanto was more symbolic than military, says Noel Malcolm
		Armada of the cross: the future of Europe depended on the victory of an underdog Christian fleet holding back the Turks at the Battle of Lepanto.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/L/Lepanto.asp (450 words)

	Battle of Lepanto - Fast and Easy Rules for Students
		Lepanto was the largest naval battle of the renaissance, and the last great battle of the oared galleys.
		The battle was fought on the open seas so there is no terrain to be modeled.
		Most of the fighting during the battle took place at close quarters after the fleets grappled and boarded each other.
	www.juniorgeneral.org /naval/lepanto.html (1208 words)

	Battle of Lepanto -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Pictures of billowing sails notwithstanding, masts and canvas were stowed for battle, and oars were the means of propulsion.
		The longest period in the history of navies was the age of the galley.
		The Battle of Marathon was a decisive victory for the Greeks during the Persian Wars.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9047854?tocId=9047854 (787 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of World History: Lepanto, Battle of@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sea battle 7 Oct 1571, between the Ottoman Empire and 'Holy League' forces from Spain, Venice, Genoa, and the Papal States, jointly commanded by the Spanish soldier Don John of Austria.
		The battle fought in the Mediterranean Gulf of Corinth off Lepanto (Italian name of the Greek port of Naupaktos), then in Turkish possession, was the last major naval engagement to be fought by galleys.
		The Spanish writer Cervantes was wounded in the battle.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28758334&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (206 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Lepanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Three battles have been known as the Battle of Lepanto:
		The naval Battle of Zonchio took place in 25 August 1499.
		Battle of Naupactus Conflict Peloponnesian War Date 429 BC Place Off Naupactus Result Athenian victory The Battle of Naupactus was a naval battle between the Athenian fleet under Phormio and a combined Spartan and Corinthian fleet.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle_of_Lepanto (424 words)

	Lepanto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chesterton imagined the infinite road followed by Cervantes' knight in his poem, 'Lepanto', about the famous battle of 1571 against the Turks, that formed part of the Christian crusade against Islam.
		That battle was won by the handsome young Don John of Austria, the bastard half-brother of Philip II of Spain, who once planned to marry Mary Queen of Scots.
		He was wounded in the battle and lost the use of his left hand, then on his way home he was captured by pirates and taken to Algiers where he was made a slave.
	members.aol.com /lammermuiruk/lepanto.htm (239 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Crescent and Cross: The Battle of Lepanto 1571: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Obviously, the battle itself cannot be treated as being in a "vacuum", and the author spends much of the book in detailing the background to the conflict between Christianity and Islam, and, thereby "setting the scene" for the climactic battle between the huge galley fleets.
		The battle itself is brilliantly described, and, as with the author's previous books, he greatly helps his style of writing by utilising appendices full of relevant, and, at times almost overwhelming, information on the contending fleets.
		It is many years since a full-scale campaign and battle history of what was considered in the 16th Century to be an earth-shattering event has been written in English, and it is a pleasure to read such a book which should remain a prime source on the subject.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0304363197 (693 words)

	Amazon.com: Lepanto 1571 (Campaign, 114): Books: Angus Konstam,Christa Hook,Tony Bryan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lepanto 1571 (Campaign, 114) by Angus Konstam is a well written, yet concise, account of the Holy Alliance's total defeat of the Ottoman Navy off the coast of Greece.
		Lepanto 1571 is a fine example of the problems of coalition operations even when faced with a dire threat.
		Lepanto was a tough fight, with 85% of the Turkish fleet lost and 30% of the victorious Christian soldiers and sailors killed or wounded.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1841764094?v=glance (2404 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lepanto
		Subsequently, it passed in turn to the Achaeans, the Thesbians, and to Philip Macedon, who gave it to the Ætolians; hence it was sometimes called the "city of the Ætolians" (Strabo, IX, iv, 7).
		Occupied by the Turks in 1498, Lepanto is chiefly celebrated for the victory which the combined papal, Spanish, Venetian, and Genoese fleets, under Don John of Austria, gained over the Turkish fleet on 7 Oct., 1571.
		The crusaders lost 17 ships and 7500 men; 15 Turkish ships were sunk and 177 taken, from 20,000 to 30,000 men disabled, and from 12,000 to 15,000 Christian rowers, slaves on the Turkish galleys, were delivered.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09181b.htm (665 words)

	History Page Remember the Battle of Lepanto @ TraditionInAction.org
		Ali Pasha was captured and beheaded on the spot (against the wishes of Don John), and the Battle Flag of the Ottoman Fleet came down off the mainmast.
		The Battle of Lepanto was a decisive victory, with only 40 of the over 300 Moslem ships surviving the engagement.
		The battle, although a great victory for Catholic Europe, did not end the threat of invasion, or completely break the power of the Ottoman Turks.
	www.traditioninaction.org /History/A_001_Lepanto.html (1871 words)

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