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Topic: Battle of Longewala

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	Phayul Message Forums - www.phayul.com
		The Battle of Longewala goes down in the annals of military history as a classic case of human resolve and motivation in the face of extremely heavy odds.
		In this battle a handful of troops, numbering approximately 100, not only faced a brigade attack supported by a regiment and a squadron of tanks but successfully stalled the same after incurring heavy losses on the enemy at the cost of negligible casualty to the defenders.
		The Battle of Longewala, fought in the deserts of the Indian state of Rajasthan, merits inclusion in any account of the 1971 India-Pakistan war because of the sheer audacity of the Pakistani generals who had planned it.
	www.phayul.com /forums/showPost.aspx?postID=109590 (4104 words)

	The Tribune - Windows - Featured story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the 1971 war against Pakistan, the Battle of Longewala in the western sector was one such point.
		This was the scenario on December 4 night (1971), when the Pakistanis crossed the international border heading for Longewala, 16 km from the border.
		The Pakistani plan was to have breakfast at Longewala, lunch at Jaisalmer and dinner at Jodhpur.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2000/20001216/windows/main2.htm (1263 words)

	[No title]
		The Battle at Saragarhi is one of eight stories of collective bravery published by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization).
		All the 21 valiant men of this epic battle were awarded the Indian Order of Merit Class III (posthumously) which at the time was one of the highest gallantry awards given to Indian troops and is considered equivalent to the present-day Vir Chakra.
		PunjabiSikhWarrior RE:Sept 15th Anniversary of the legendary Battle of Saraghari 10/25/2005 10:23:37 PM We are the survivors of islamic punjab, before partition hindu's became minority in punjab to the expanding islamic empire in india.
	www.strategypage.com /messageboards/messages/72-17004.asp (4726 words)

	List of battles (alphabetical) - WikiLeasing.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Battle of Dufile 1888 - Emin Pasha - Moyo District - Uganda
		Battle of Mohács - 1526 - Turkish Conquest of Hungary
		Battle of Pavia (773) - Conquests of Charlemagne
	www.wikileasing.com /0/List_of_battles__alphabetical_.html (5591 words)

	Bangladesh War Encyclopedia Article @ Declaring.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		However, these were repelled in the decisive Battles of Basantar and Longewala, resulting in spectacular Indian victory.
		Backed by the Indian Air Force and the Navy, the Indian Army and the Mukti Bahini won several battles on the eastern front including the famous Battle of Hilli.
		On December 16 1971, the Indian Army entered Dhaka and more than 93,000 Pakistani soldiers and their abettors surrendered to joint forces (Mitro Bahini) and were taken as prisoner of war by the Indian Army, the largest surrender since World War II.
	www.declaring.net /encyclopedia/Bangladesh_War (7559 words)

	The Liberation War: 1971
		The Battle of Sylhet was the first ever heliborne operation of the Indian Army and the audacity of this enterprising encounter, has to be read to be believed.
		The Battle of Basantar, the Defence of Longewala and the Capture of Dacca, that occurred during the 1971 Indo-Pak War, resulted in scores of Pakistani tanks falling into Indian hands.
		The Battle of Longewala has been immortalised as one of the greatest victories in the 1971 Indo-Pak War and Bollywood even brought it to the silver screen, albeit poorly depicted.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1971War/index.html (383 words)

	Battle of Basantar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Towards the tail end of the battle, Pakistani forces led by Lieutenant Colonel Akram Raja made a frantic attempt to counter attack the Indian stronghold by jumping into an old-style cavalry charge with his tanks.
		Pakistan Army generally regards this as the most humbling defeat, next only to the Battle of Longewala despite numerical and qualitative superiority over the opposing force.
		This and other battles put paid to any hopes of bargaining for territory lost in East Pakistan, by capturing Indian territory; in fact Pakistan had lost sizeable portions of land on both sides of the border.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Basantar (1148 words)

	Sand-dunes cannot bury memories
		The battle was unique: perhaps it was for the first time in history that Air Force single-handedly fought against enemy's ground forces and demolished them.
		His tryst with the sand dunes began when he was entrusted with the task of guarding the post in Longewala when war clouds loomed large in the winter of '71.
		However, he feels that the film helped people realise that battles are fought and won at the junior command level, showed the close co-ordination between different wings of the Army and other services.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/19970714/19550293.html (987 words)

	1971 India-Pakistan War: Defending the West (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Many of the major battle plans drawn up before the outbreak of war had to be hastily changed - even abandoned in some cases.
		Due to the difficult terrain in the south, only two Indian Army divisions from Southern Command took part in the fighting and their battles is part of the story of Longewala (see section on "Battle of Longewala").
		All the battles that took place in the Western sector are two numerous to be recounted here but the fight for Shakargarh deserves mention.
	www.freeindia.org /1971war/west.html (2432 words)

	The Tribune - Windows - Response (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Longewala has been bruited about as a classic example of grit, determination and how this Indian version of the Battle of Thermopylae put paid to Pakistan ambitions of having breakfast in Longewala, lunch at Jaisalmer and dinner at Jodhpur.
		Without achieving of the aim set out, all the battles and gallantry awards are meaningless.
		Thus we see a complete contrast in the behaviour of the Junior Officers at the Battalion level who have time and again helped the Indian Armed Forces to keep their head high and the Indian Senior officers who have continuously let the country down.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2001/20010113/windows/main4.htm (1155 words)

	Battle of Longewala - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		PR photo taken at the time showing the desperate last minute maneuveres by Pakistani tanks in the Longewala sector.
		As the column of 60 tanks approached the Indian post, the Indian troops without support of heavy artillery or minefield defences knocked out two tanks with their jeep mounted recoilless guns.
		They did, however destroy nearly 50 tanks, remaining one of the largest disproportionate tank casualties for one side in a single battle after WWII.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Longewala (1007 words)

	Tehelka - The People's Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Six years after the Indian Army fought an epic battle on the Alpine heights of Kargil, 17 infantry battalions have been bestowed ‘Battle/Theatre Honours’ by President APJ Abdul Kalam.
		The conferment of the Honours, which are awarded to an entire unit for exemplary performance during a battle, has lent demi-official status of ‘full-blown war’ to the 1999 conflict.
		The Honours are at par with those awarded for the great battles during World War II (Battle Honour Kohima, Battle Honour El Alamein), 1971 Indo-Pak war (Battle Honour Longewala) et al.
	www.tehelka.com /story_main13.asp?filename=Ne072305Kargil_heroes.asp (673 words)

	Border Security Force - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The BSF was seen in action in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 in areas where the army was thinly spread.
		A notable battle in which BSF troops gave a good showing was the Battle of Longewala in Western India.
		In 1989, a violent Islamic insurgency, or Jihad, was initiated by Pakistan-sponsored militants in Jammu and Kashmir.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Border_Security_Force (541 words)

	BORDER (1997) \| Stardust
		The only two significant films on war we can talk about are Chetan Anand’s classic, ‘Haqeeqat’ and J P Dutta’s ‘Border.’ Though ‘Haqeeqat’ was based on 1962 Indo-China war and ‘Border’ inspired by 1971 battle of Longewala, that comparisons would be drawn was a foregone conclusion.
		According to Dutta, the distinguishing factor between the two films is that while ‘Haqeeqat’ was defeatist in nature, ‘Border’ signifies victory in the battle.
		The story revolves around a small Indian battalion at the border region of Longewala, merely fifty in number, which withstands the enemy’s attack to capture it- a force of two thousand men with their tanks and other ammunition.
	magnamags.com /magna_stardust/node/394 (418 words)

	Battle of Longewala by Wing Commander Kukke Suresh
		In the annals of Military History, BATTLE OF LONGEWALA would go down as one of the unique events, where the most significant part in totally thwarting designs of the enemy, was played by Air Power.
		The battle is a glorious chapter in the history of the Indian Air Force (IAF), where a small number of pilots and their Hunter aircraft not only blunted but also decimated a determined Pakistani Armour Thrust across the Thar Desert.
		Longewala became a graveyard of Pakistani Armour, while the accompanying Infantry had to retreat because of continuous aerial pounding.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /IAF/History/1971War/Suresh.html (2099 words)

	The 1971 war
		In another air-land battle over Longewala an attacking Pakistani tank force was defeated entirely by Indian Air force aircraft in a 'first of its kind' action of a type that was not seen again until allied air forces attacked Iraqi armour two decades later.
		IAF gun camera still from the Longewala battle.
		Circles in the sand - made by Pakistani tank tracks at Longewala desperate to escape the aerial attack.
	us.geocities.com /thalsena/1971war.htm (498 words)

	1971 India-Pakistan War: Battle of Longewal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Battle of Longewal, fought in the deserts of the Indian state of Rajasthan, merits inclusion in any account of the 1971 India-Pakistan war because of the sheer audacity of the Pakistani generals who had planned it.
		On 6 December, the two Hunters were joined by another two Hunters and the air to ground battle continued.
		By 7 December the Pakistani column was in full retreat and the PAF had started flying sorties to cover them.
	www.freeindia.org /1971war/longewal.html (1191 words)

	Desert Warfare Encyclopedia Article @ Hostilities.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Mobility is essential to a successful desert war.
		This explains the heavy use of armor in battles such as El Alamein in the Second World War.
		It has been noted that mobility is so important in desert warfare, that battles can sometimes begin to resemble naval engagements, where the actual possession of territory is less important than the positions of ones tanks (or ships).
	www.hostilities.org /encyclopedia/Desert_warfare (895 words)

	News Article in Depth
		No trace of the enemy was found and it was rightly assumed that he was still licking his wounds near Longewala on the Longewala- Ghabbar axis.
		The pilots, during their debriefing, reported that Ghabbar appeared to be the administrative echelon of the enemy.
		The battle of Longewala in fact was in fact truly over now.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /1971/Dec06/Art06.htm (698 words)

	Qwika - similar:Kargil_War
		Battle of Longewala Part of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 One of the Pakistani T-55 tanks captured by the Indian Army during the battle.
		He was born in Jhelum, Pakistan and died in New Delhi, India.
		The battle of Tololing was one of the pivotal battles in the Kargil War between India's armed forces and troops from the Northern Light Infantry who were aided by other Pakistan backed irregulars in 1999.
	www.qwika.com /rels/Talk:Kargil_War (1058 words)

	List_of_battles_1901-forward : Essential Historical Information, explanation, recent texts, monographs, and relevant ...
		1912 Battle of Lemnos (Oct 8)- Greek Marines Occupy the Ottoman held port of Moudros on the Island of Lemnos
		1915 Battle of Afiun-Kara-Hissar - Turkish assimilation of Armenians
		1942 Battle of Dieppe August 19 - "Operation Jubilee" was an Allied attack on the German occupied port of Dieppe in France.
	www.llpoh.org /Reviewing_the_20th_century/List_of_battles_1901-forward.html (3100 words)

	Defenceindia : Column : We need integration, not bickerings
		Even as late as 1987, the tank threat in Longewala was considered negligible due to terrain constraints.
		If the terrorists have infiltrated and occupied certain important heights, then it is the Army's battle and not The Air force problem.
		The Kargil battle therefore was Army's responsibility and IAF top bras was there in the Operation's room only to suggest how best he can help the Army to dislodge the terrorists from those heights.
	www.defenceindia.com /13-nov-2k6/column.html (1040 words)

	Border Security Force \| Indian Jawan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was seen in action in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 in areas where the army was thinly spread.
		The notable battle in which the BSF jawans gave a good showing was in the Battle of Longewala in western India.
		Currently the strength of the BSF is estimated to be around 200,000.
	www.indianjawan.com /node/7 (143 words)

	Warbirds of India - [Indian Warbirds]
		The most recent movie to feature Indian Warbirds was the highly dramatised battle of Longewala for the movie "Border".
		It was based on the real life battle of Longewala from the 1971 war, in which a border outpost withstood an attack by a Pakistani Armoured Regiment before a flight of Hunters from Jaisalmer airfield attacked and destroyed the tanks.
		Producer J P Datta was also as fortunate as Chetan Anand, for a sense of realism was bought in by using the last of the airworthy Hunters of the HOFTU.
	www.warbirdsofindia.com /ffilms.html (471 words)

	Letters to the Editor
		His account of battle Chillianwala, after the 1857 debacle, is worthy of high esteem.
		I am impressed by his account of battle of Khemkaran in 1965 when independent Pakistan’s army tried to clinch the war with a dash to the Beas river bridge, only to abandon their brand new tanks with motors running at Khemkaran and surrendered or just retreated behind their own lines.
		I wish he researches this battle also and writes about the true happenings at this battle, which a later day British Chief of the Army Staff wished to visit.
	www.defencejournal.com /2002/february/letter.htm (2053 words)

	The Hindu : Other States / Maharashtra News : Bollywood favours `khaki', ignores blue, white
		The Rajesh Khanna-Sharmila starrer `Aradhana' was another movie in which the Air Force formed the backdrop to the trials and travails of the female protagonist.
		J P Dutta's `Border' based on the famous Longewala battle during the 1971 Indo-Pak war also has quite a bit on the IAF.
		The film was based on the battle of Longewala showing a border outpost holding out against an attack by a Pakistani armoured regiment before a flight of Hunters from Jaisalmer airfield attack and destroy the Pakistani tanks.
	www.hindu.com /2004/07/07/stories/2004070708840300.htm (959 words)

	List of battles 1901-2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
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		It is soon to become the descisive battle of the war, and a Republican defeat.
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	list-of-battles-1901-2000.iqnaut.net (3313 words)

	List_of_battles_1901-forward : Essential Historical Information, explanation, recent texts, monographs, and relevant ...
		1942 Battle of Stalingrad August 22 - February 2, 1943 - City besieged by Paulus' German Sixth Army; from November 23 the Sixth Army is surrounded and destroyed by Soviets; bloodiest battle in history, between 1 and 2 million dead
		1944 Battle of Cisterna January 29- Part of Operation Shingle- the 1st, 3rd, and 4th US Army Ranger battalions attempted to capture the town of Cisterna.
		1944 Battle of Peleliu September 17 - A fight to capture an airstrip on a speck of coral in the western Pacific.
	llpoh.org /Reviewing_the_20th_century/List_of_battles_1901-forward.html (3100 words)

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