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Topic: Battle of Lund

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	lund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Lund is a city and a municipality (population 100,995 as of January 2004) in Skåne County, in southern Sweden.
		On December 4 in 1676 it was defended at the Battle of Lund, one of the bloodiest battles fought in Sweden.
		Lund University, established in 1666, is one of Sweden's largest, although the city is relatively small.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Lund.html (313 words)

	Battle of Lund - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles XI at the battle of Lund, by Johan Philip Lemke.
		The Battle of Lund on December 4, 1676 was fought in an area north of the city of Lund in Sweden, between the invading Danish army and the army of Charles XI of Sweden.
		The Battle of Lund severely crippled both armies, and is known as one of the bloodiest in the history of Scandinavia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Lund (1604 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lund
		In the Middle Ages Lund was famous as the principal city of the north (metropolis Daniæ, caput ipsius regni).
		The name Lund (a small wood or grove) is derived from a heathen sacrificial grove which lay to the east of the city, and where the deities of the North, Odin, Thor, Frigga, were honoured.
		Canute VI celebrated at Lund in 1177 his marriage with Henry the Lion's daughter, Gertrude of Saxony; Waldemar the Victorious was crowned there in 1202 and it was there in 1409 that took place the marriage between Eric of Pomerania and Philippa of England.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09433a.htm (2687 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Lund
		The Battle of Lund, part of the Swedish-Brandenburgian war, was fought in an area north of the city of Lund in Sweden between the invading Danish army and the army of Charles XI of Sweden on December 4, 1676.
		When King Christian V left the field with his left at the beginning of the battle and General Arensdorff was wounded his brother Friedrich von Arensdorff had assumed command of the Danish army.
		The victory at Lund served as an immense moral boost to the Swedish army, and even if Charles XI were criticised for letting himself be carried away by the success on the right flank it also bonded the King and his army together.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Lund (2285 words)

	hvadskete.htm
		Battle at Nesjar in Tröndelag, Norway, in 1016.
		The most bloody battle in the War of the Union, where the Swedish peasant army is almost annihilated by the Danish army commanded by Otto Krumpen.
		Naval battle in Køge Bay 1710 between a danish fleet commanded by Ulrich Christian Gyldenløve (illegitemate son of King Christian IV) and a Swedish fleet commanded by Admiral Wachtmeister.
	www.geocities.com /armdury/Hvornaar.html (5053 words)

	Battle of Lund -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Battle of Lund was fought on December 4 1676 to the north of the city of (A city in southeastern Sweden) Lund in (A Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula) Sweden.
		The combatants were the invading (A Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark) Danish army, numbering c.
		The battle commenced early in the morning after a race to control the strategically important town.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/battle_of_lund.htm (253 words)

	lund information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Lund [lɵnd] is a city and a municipality (population 100,995 as of January 2004) in Skåne County, in southern Sweden.
		On December 4 in 1676 it was defended at the Battle of Lund, one of thebloodiest battles fought in Sweden.
		Lund is also home to the Tetra Pak company that markets paper packagingmachinery for milk and orange juice all over the world.
	www.vsearchmedia.com /lund.html (347 words)

	A little about Lund and its history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Lund, "The Great Little City", is situated in Skåne (Scania in latin), the southernmost province of Sweden, only 20 kilometres north-east of the harbour town of Malmö; (Skåne's present administrative centre).
		Lund became a very important temporal and spiritual metropolis in Scandinavia, seat of the first Roman Catholic archdiocese (founded in 1103) in Scandinavia and of a Royal Manor.
		Lund University (Regia Academia Carolinæ Lundensis) was founded during the reign of Charles XI in December 1666, when Sweden had won the province of Scania from Denmark through the Peaces of Roskilde (1658) and Copenhagen (1660).
	hem.passagen.se /uscygnus/LundHist.html (543 words)

	Lund - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal
		Lund (population 98,948) is a municipality and city in the County of Skåne, in southern Sweden.
		The city was made see of the first archbishop in Scandinavia in 1103, its cathedral stems from this time and a 900 years celebration taking place in 2003.
		Lund is also home to the Tetra Pak industry that markets paper packaging machinery for milk and orange juice all over the world.
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/lu/Lund.html (223 words)

	The Battle of Lund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Danish expansion was stemmed in the battle of Fyllebro (situated in the province of Halland; the name "Fyllebro" is incredibly funny in Swedish, it means approximately "Bridge of Drunkards") on August 17th.
		During the morning's battle his horse, "Thotten", was shot under him, and he had to change to his reserve horse, the bright stallion Brillant, a coronation gift (in 1673) from King Louis XIV of France.
		In addition to the Fontainebleau agreement, the Swedish and Danish delegations also agreed upon a contract of marriage between Charles and Christian's younger sister Ulrica Eleonora (in Swedish history called "the elder", since one of her daughters -- the sisters of Charles XII -- also was called Ulrica Eleonora).
	hem.passagen.se /uscygnus/BattleofLund.html (2197 words)

	The Wargamer - 1000 Years of War in Review
		The Battle of Mohacs in 1687 is another victory for Charles as the Turks are defeated under Suleiman Pasha.
		Imperial army is defeated yet again at the Battle of Wolfenbuttel (1641), and in 1642 at the battles of Kempten, Schweidnitz, and Breitenfeld.
		Battle of the Dunes (1658) ends in victory for English and French forces against the Spanish, leading to the surrender of Dunkirk to the English.
	www.wargamer.com /articles/1000Y/1000y_p7.asp (2004 words)

	The Royal Library Copenhagen - Gateway to Europe. An Anthology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A rider was to exploit his horse to the utmost in battle, and a horse therefore had to be able to perform a number of leaps and movements whose purpose was to help and protect his rider when under an attack.
		They reckoned on dying in battle, but at the same time their morale was high: they were resolved to win or die.
		The Battle of Lund was the last in which a Danish king led an attack at the head of his army.
	www.kb.dk /kultur/expo/porten/cult96/e01.htm (6826 words)

	CHARLES XI. - LoveToKnow Article on CHARLES XI. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The victory of Fy11 ebro (Aug. 17, 1676), when Charles and his commander-in-chief S. Helmfeld routed a Danish division, was the first gleam of good luck, and on the 4th of December, on the tableland of Helgonabck, near Lund, the young Swedish monarch defeated Christian V. of Denmark, who also commanded his army in person.
		The battle of Lund was, relatively to the number engaged, one of the bloodiest engagements of modern times.
		This proved to be the last pitched battle of the war, the Danes never again venturing to attack their once more invincible enemy in the open field.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CH/CHARLES_XI_.htm (766 words)

	Scandinavia
		Steward Sture was wounded in battle and later died, and the country was occupied with the exception of the two largest towns Stockholm and Kalmar, which were besieged (the widow of Sture commanded in Stockholm and another noblewoman in Kalmar).
		A battle in November 1632 ends without a clear winner, however King Gustav II is killed in the confusion of battle.
		This battle is considered somewhat momentous, in effect it meant the ascendancy of Russia at the expense of Sweden and more immediately it meant Sweden's allies in Poland were in trouble and renewed war with Denmark and war with Prussia.
	www.kolumbus.fi /justus.johansson/Sca/Sca.html (11278 words)

	ipedia.com: Charles XI of Sweden Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Karl XI Charles XI at the Battle of Lund.
		The victory of Halmstad (August 17, 1676), when Charles and his commander-in-chief Simon Grundel-Helmfelt routed a Danish division, was the first gleam of good luck, and on December 4, on the tableland of Helgonabäck, near Lund, the young Swedish monarch defeated Christian V of Denmark, who also commanded his army in person.
		In 1679 Louis XIV of France dictated the terms of a general pacification, and Charles XI, who bitterly resented "the insufferable tutelage" of the French king, was forced at last to acquiesce in a peace which at least left his empire practically intact.
	www.ipedia.com /charles_xi_of_sweden.html (831 words)

	Nordic FAQ - 7 of 7 - SWEDEN
		In January temperatures average -0.8°C at Lund in the south), -2.8°C at Stockholm, and -13.7°C at Jokkmokk north of the the Arctic Circle.
		Major battles are fought in Scania, as for instance at Lund December 4th 1676.
		February 28th, at the Helsingborg's battle, the Danes are beaten and forced to retire inside their fortress.
	www.cs.uu.nl /wais/html/na-dir/nordic-faq/part7_SWEDEN.html (18496 words)

	general1
		Although the nobility was quick in pledging allegiance to the King of Sweden (in exchange for being allowed to keep their estates) most of the population of Skåne felt more Danish than Swedish.
		The Danes tried to recapture Skåne but failed when King Karl XI won the battle in 1676 (Lund) over the Danes.
		Lund's very famous cathedral with its chime of bells.
	www.homestead.com /LadyChess/Gallery1.html (723 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Struggle for Baltics, AAR played as Denmark.
		Over 15,000 Danes (mostly infantry) is killed or wounded in the battle, whilst the Swedes lose 14,000 dead and wounded.
		Meanwhile, victorious Holstein attacks the Swedish garrison in Lund and is repelled with exceedingly high casualities.
		Holstein decides to give up on the assault of Lund, knowing that without large artillery support he won't be able to take it.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=20 (1235 words)

	Regiments, Swedish, Cavalry
		An example of a battle where dragoons successfully were used as cavalry was the battle of Lund in 1676.
		At the battle of Lund in 1676 the regiment was awarded for its bravery.
		In the battles of Stuhm, Burgstall and Lund the regiment carried the Royal Colors, which means that the King personally commanded the regiment during these battles.
	www.algonet.se /~hogman/regiments_cav_eng.htm (5190 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Sweden, 1654-1680
		In Scania the UNIVERSITY OF LUND was established (1668).
		Lund thereby was compensated for the loss of Denmark's archbishopric.
		In 1668 the UNIVERSITY OF LUND was established.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/scandinavia/swe16541680.html (1005 words)

	Kulturen in Lund - a museum for all times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In the exhibition Lund after 1658 – The Swedish Parentheses, we present Lund at war.
		The Battle of Lund has a section of its own.
		A wise inhabitant of Lund who had been born in Poland nevertheless managed to collect some prison uniforms and small personal belongings which the women had brought with them.
	www.kulturen.com /eng/a/frilufts/a319.htm (231 words)

	WHKMLA : Swedish-Brandenburgian War, 1675-1679
		The Battle of Lund Dec. 4th 1676 was undecided.
		Anders Bording: Danske Mercurius om kampene ved Løddes å / Lund 1676 (1677) (The Danish Mercurius on the Battle near Løddes River / Lund), from Skræp, in Danish
		Friskyttekaptajn Niels Tommeson Tideman: Trusselsbrev til den svenske kommandant i Engelholm (1678), from Skræp, in Danish
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/17cen/swedbrand16751679.html (700 words)

	Danish Cavalry 1675-79
		Each new regiment in battle could be organized into 2 or 3 squadrons to be led by the staff officers - the colonel, lieutenant colonel and major.
		After the battle at Landskrona 1677 the regiments are amalgamated and strengthened by a newly recruited company of 84 men of which 71 were troopers (some sources says two companies) under Lieutenant Colonel H. Meyer.
		Their standards are known and exist today in Stockholm, as some were captured at the Battle of Lund in 1676, not during the battle but when the Swedes captured the train as the regiment at that time was to weak in manpower to carry all of them in battle.
	www.northernwars.com /DanCav.html (4190 words)

	Swedish history (the s.c.nordic FAQ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		With the first archbishop of Lund, Scandinavia was made a separate church province, no longer belonging to Hamburg.
		At the Thing in Lund the Scanian Archbishop and magnates had elected Magnus Eriksson, the king of Norway and Sweden to become also king of the Scanian provinces when he had come to age (16 years).
		Gustav II Adolf is killed in the battle of Lützen.
	www.lysator.liu.se /nordic/scn/faq731.html (2403 words)

	Blazers' head manages to get better of mayor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		BLAZERS head honcho Brad Lund clearly got the better of Mayor Kirk Humphreys in the latest battle over the future of professional sports.
		While Lund is pounding the mayor on keeping the Blazers in Oklahoma City, this week's announcement of a new Arena Football League team is a reminder that winning the battle doesn't guarantee Lund will win the war.
		Lund's latest fight is for the future of his Central Hockey League Blazers, hoping to avoid being replaced by a team from the International Hockey League.
	www.hockeyresearch.com /articles/okc_ihl/okcihl19991107.html (271 words)

	Urban Swahn's Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		On December 4th, 1676, the ferocius Battle of Lund raged immediately outside the town gate north of Lund.
		Lund's most famous visit in "big world politics" occurred in the years of 1716-18, when King Charles XII (after escaping from his "visit" to Bender in Turkey after the unfortunate battle of Poltava) ruled Sweden from his temporary quarters in Lund.
		Lund University, where I work, was founded in 1666.
	hem.passagen.se /uscygnus (930 words)

	Naval warfare
		The army did not have the same success in the war on land, and after having taken Scania in the summer of 1676 it was defeated in the decisive battle for Lund in December of the same year, and was forced to retreat to Landskrona.
		The Battle of Køge Bugt was the culmination at sea of the Scanian War.
		The terms of the peace concluded at Lund, and later at Fontainbleau, were dictated by France, and the borders remained unchanged.
	www.orlogsmuseet.dk /kroneng1a.htm (4404 words)

	Alderac Entertainment Group :: View topic - Rain of Death: Clarification
		No rule that performing an action during a battle has to be performed by a card in the battle.
		There are holdings, events, and action cards that all effect battles and units both in and not in battles.
		The cost is simply using the tactician's use of the trait for that battle.
	www.alderac.com /forum/viewtopic.php?t=12076 (2234 words)

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