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	Magnesia - LoveToKnow 1911
		MAGNESIA, in ancient geography the name of two cities in Asia Minor and of a district in eastern Thessaly, lying between the Vale of Tempe and the Pagasaean Gulf.
		According to tradition, reinforced by the similarity of names, it was founded by colonists from the Thessalian tribe of the Magnetes, with whom were associated, according to Strabo, some Cretan settlers (Magnesia retained a connexion with Crete, as inscriptions found there attest).
		Thibron, the Spartan, persuaded the Magnesians to leave their indefensible and mutinous city in 399 B.C. and build afresh at Leucophrys, an hour distant, noted for its temple of Artemis Leucophryne, which, according to Strabo, surpassed that at Ephesus in the beauty of its architecture, though inferior in size and wealth.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Magnesia (650 words)

	Magnesia Greece Pelion Volos Pilio Thessaly Magnesia Greece Thessalia
		Magnesia is one of the four prefectures of Thessaly.
		The geographic size of Magnesia is expands 2,600 square kilometres and has a population of 197,600 (Census 1991).
		Magnesia joined forces with the rest of Greece in 1881 to continue it battle with the Turks.
	www.aroundpelion.com /pelion/magnesia (624 words)

	List of battles 1400 BC-AD 600
		Battle of Himera The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of Syracuse.
		Battle of Sellasia Defeat of Cleomenes III of Sparta by Antigonus Doson of Macedon and the Achaean League
		Battle of Herdonia Hannibal destroys the Roman army of the praetor Gnaeus Fulvius.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_battles_1400_bc_ad_600.html (4725 words)

	List of battles 1400 BC-600 AD
		Battle of Asculum (89 BC)[?] The Roman army of C. Pompeius Strabo decisively defeats the rebels in the Social War.
		357 Battle of Strasbourg (357)[?] Julian expels the Alamanni from the Rhineland
		447 Battle of the Utus[?] Attila the Hun is defeated by the East Romans in an indecisive battle
	www.fastload.org /li/List_of_battles_1400_BC-600_AD.html (4497 words)

	Chronology of Greek History After the Peloponnesian War
		(Wmter) Dionysius I was defeated by Carthage at the battle of Cronium.
		Antipater defeated Agis III at the battle of Megalopolis.
		331/330 -- Alexander I of Epirus was defeated at the battle of Pandosia.
	www.1stmuse.com /frames/greek-chronology.html (2315 words)

	ARMENIAN STUDENT ASSOCIATION - CAL POLY SAN LUIS OBISPO
		190 B.C. Battle of Magnesia and the defeat of Seleucids by the Romans
		Elevation of Ashot Bagraduni to the Armenian Throne.
		The Battle of Manazkert and the occupation of Armenia by Seljukids
	www.calpoly.edu /~asaclub/impdates.htm (1296 words)

	An Interpretation of the Book of Daniel
		At the Battle of Magnesia (in Turkey) in 190 BC, however, the army of this king suffered a shocking and traumatic defeat by a Roman army that fragmented his kingdom and made it henceforth subservient to Rome.
		At this battle the Seleucid army was not only defeated, but also practically annihilated and at a small cost to the Roman army.
		Thus, the statute's feet loosely held together with clay and iron are representative of the loosely knit Seleucid Empire that was shattered by the Roman "rock".
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/Kirche_Enterprises/Daniel/Daniel.html (2564 words)

	The Battle of Magnesia - 190 BC
		The Battle of Magnesia - 190 BC Luke Ueda-Sarson's Historical Battle Scenarios for DBM:
		The Battle of Magnesia: 190 BC In 192 BC, incited by the Aitolians, Antiochus III, King of Seleucid Asia, invaded Greece.
		The battle was fought just after dawn on a murky and misty day (New Years day may have passed, so the battle could have been fought in 189 BC).
	www.ritsumei.ac.jp /~luv20009/Magnesia.html (1223 words)

	Battle of Magnesia (190 BC)
		Antiochus had raised a vast army from his Asian empire and was prepared to chance all on one battle.
		After several days of refusing battle and suffering Roman taunting, the Seleucids marched forth and deployed for battle.
		As the armies were arrayed for battle, it is said that he turned to Hannibal, the famous Carthaginian general who accompanied his entourage, to enquire whether these forces grandly arrayed in their gold, jewels and rich silks would be enough for the Romans.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/magnesia.html (575 words)

	Ephesus
		After belonging successively to the kings of Lydia, the Persians, and the Syrian successors of Alexander the Great, it passed, after the battle of Magnesia (199 B.C.), to the kings of Pergamum, the last of whom, Attalus III, bequeathed his kingdom to the Roman people (133 B.C.).
		There are the remains of the temple of Diana, the theatre, with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, the stadium, the great gymnasium, and the "Double Church", probably the ancient cathedral, one aisle of which was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, the other to St. John, where the councils of 431 and 449 were held.
		The Greek metropolitan resides at Manissa, the ancient Magnesia.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/e/ephesus.html (1610 words)

	Timelime..........short lines......
		Ptolemy IV defeated Antiochus III at the battle of Raphia.
		Ptolemy V was defeated at the battle of Panion.
		197 -- Defeat of Philip V by the Romans at the battle of Cynoscephalae.
	www.fenrir.dk /forum/index.php?topic=88.msg583 (814 words)

	Seleucids
		After being temporarily supplanted by Antigonus, he returned to Babylonia after the battle of Gaza (312), from which his rule is dated (the first year of the Seleucid era).
		While in flight after a battle in which he had suffered defeat at the hands of Attalus, Seleucus was killed by a fall from his horse.
		After the battle of Magnesia (189) the king had to accept harsh conditions and surrender his possessions in Asia Minor north of the Taurus.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/seleucids.html (1331 words)

	The Book of Daniel, Chapter 11
		Fighting with an army of 78,000 men, Antiochus III (the Great) took the battle as far as the fortress of the city of Raphia in southern Palestine.
		The historian Polybius recorded that during the battle for Raphia in 217 BC, the raging defensive forces of Ptolemy IV which numbered 75,000 men defeated the attacking forces of Antiochus III and killed 10,000 infantrymen.
		Palestinian Jews joined the forces of Antiochus III in the battle against Ptolemy V, but were defeated by the Ptolemaic general Scopas in 200 BC.
	www.csg.net /eschatology/Daniel-11.htm (3389 words)

	Eutropius: Abridgement of Roman History, Book 4
		The general of the Romans, the consul Publius Licinius, was defeated by Perseus in a severe engagement; yet the Romans, although vanquished, refused peace to the king when he solicited it, except on condition that he should surrender himself and his people to the senate and the people of Rome.
		The consul Aemilius Paulus came to a battle with Perseus on the 3rd of September, and defeated him, killing twenty thousand of his infantry; the cavalry which remained with the king was unbroken; on the side of the Romans only a hundred men were missing.
		He defeated Jugurtha in various battles, killed or captured his elephants, and obliged many of his towns to surrender; and, when on the point of putting an end to the war, was succeeded by Caius Marius.
	www.forumromanum.org /literature/eutropius/trans4.html (2527 words)

	HyeEtch - Republic of Armenia - Statistics, Government & History p5
		190 B.C. Battle of Magnesia and the defeat of Seleucids by the Romans
		Elevation of Ashot Bagraduni to the Armenian Throne.
		The Battle of Manazkert and the occupation of Armenia by Seljukids
	www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au /republic/stats_p5.html (576 words)

	Comparisons between Roman and Sp
		The final battle at Zama in 202 B.C. resulted in a complete Roman victory and resulted in many Carthaginian lands, including the Iberian peninsula to be handed over to the Roman Empire.
		The Romans battled Phillip V in the second Macedonian war and were victorious, but instead of claiming Greek territory they announced that all Greek city-states were free.
		The battle of Magnesia ended in Roman victory and caused Antiochus to sign a treaty ending his influence on the Mediterranean.
	www.personal.psu.edu /pem5009/HIstorypaper.html (2886 words)

	The Battle of Magnesia - DBM Refight
		The Battle of Magnesia: 190 BC This battle was refought in 1998 by members of the Christchurch Wargaming Society at the Woolston Club using DBM rules.
		The battle was fought in 15mm scale, on a 10' by 4' table.
		A few Galatians initially panicked (losing two elements), but soon realized that these beasts were not in the same league as their Seleucid rivals, and they were scarred off the field by the loud shouts of the barbarian warriors.
	www.ritsumei.ac.jp /se/~luv20009/MagnesiaReport.html (986 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		However the Persians suffered setbacks: Darius I was defeated at the Battle of Marathon (490), Xerxes at Salamis (480) Platea and Mycale (479).
		Darius III escaped once again but his army was shattered at the Battle of Gaugamela, the last big battle of the war which took place between Nineveh and Arbela on the 1st October 331 BC.
		Antiochos III was defeated at the Battle of Magnesia (189 BC) and lost his lands beyond the Taurus range, to Rome.
	www.guide-martine.com /history4.asp (2283 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ephesus
		Syrian successors of Alexander the Great, it passed, after the battle of
		Magnesia (199 B.C.), to the kings of Pergamum, the last of whom, Attalus III, bequeathed his kingdom to the Roman people (133 B.C.).
		Ephesus that Mithradates (88 B.C.) signed the decree ordering all the Romans in Asia to be put to death, in which massacre there perished 100,000 persons.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05490a.htm (1306 words)

	Lycian Turkey - The Unique History of Ancient Lycia
		A ferocious battle raged as "more and more (Lycians) came out of the city in a constant stream and at last the whole of the able-bodied population were pouring out".
		In 190 BC Antiochus was defeated by the Romans at the battle of Magnesia.
		Lycia had contributed an army to Antiochus III which fought with him at the battle of Magnesia.
	lycianturkey.com /lycian_history.htm (4662 words)

	Ethics of Greek Politics and Wars 500-360 BC by Sanderson Beck
		In this battle confined in the straits of Salamis, the fewer Greek ships could use their ability to ram to better advantage; many Persians who could not swim drowned, while Greeks swam to the islands.
		Lysander craftily declined a naval battle with Alcibiades, and so the latter instructed the pilot Antiochus not to engage the navy of Lysander while he plundered Cyme even though it was part of the Athenian empire; they tried to defend their possessions and complained to Athens.
		At the battle of Cunaxa in 401 BC the Greeks held their own against superior numbers, but after wounding his brother Artaxerxes, Cyrus was killed.
	www.san.beck.org /EC19-GreekWars.html (19828 words)

	Hannibal - Encyclopedia.com
		After the Battle of Magnesia (190) the Romans demanded he be handed over; he eluded them until, seeing no escape, he took poison.
		Afternoon of the Rising Sun: the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
		Diversifying for growth: Lisa Battle is replacing an aggressive investment strategy with a more moderate approach.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1B1-366562.html (1154 words)

	Pergamum Kingdom
		As we remember, Seleucus I the Nicator invaded Asia Minor and he killed Lysimachus at the critical battle of Corrupedium in west Asia Minor in 281 BCE.
		Eumenes I, defeated Antiochus I at the battle of Sardis in 262 BCE, and gained the status of independence.
		Eumenes in alliance with Romans swept the Seleucid army at the battle of Magnesia in 190 BCE, and following the peace treaty of Apameia in 188 BCE, Pergamum was given a large portion of the lands ruled by the Seleucids earlier.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1605 words)

	Classical Hack Games At Historicon 2003 A.D.
		The Epic Battle of Magnesia, November 190 BCE a mighty Roman Republic Consular Army of 4 Roman Legions (20,000) under the command this day of Domitius and the Pergamene Army of 10,000 under Eumenus are arrayed to engage the Seleucids (60,000 foot and 12,000 horse), under Antiochus.
		Magnesia is the first game I ran as a GM some 30 years ago.
		As a naval battle is fought in the sea lanes around Tyre the assault parties of Macedonians attempt to breech the walls.
	classicalhack.com /gameshist.html (1953 words)

	EB Historic Battle - Magnesia - The Guild
		The EB team is proud to present the Battle of Magnesia for Europa Barbaroum 0.7.4.
		Winter, he said, was coming on; either he would have to keep the soldiers in their tents or else, if he wished to go into winter quarters, operations would have to be suspended till the summer.
		The light infantry and slingers and the active Cretans easily avoided them when they dashed towards them, and the cavalry increased the confusion and panic by affrighting the horses and even the camels, and to this was added the shouts of those who had not gone into action.
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/showthread.php?t=68400 (5606 words)

	Describe A Battle - History Forum
		I thought giving members a chance to give descriptions of some of their favorite battles would be a good way for others to get a good general idea of what went on in the battle.
		As the whole battle was a hand-to-hand affair, the mercenaries at first prevailed by their courage and skill, wounding many of the Romans, but the latter still continued to advance, relying on their admirable order and on the superiority of their arms.
		In this way they even threw the cohorts of the hastati into confusion, but the officers of the principes, seeing what was happening, brought up their ranks to assist, and now the greater number of the Carthaginians and their mercenaries were cut to pieces where they stood, either by themselves or by the hastati.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2139 (10009 words)

	Forged By Lightning: A Novel of Hannibal and Scipio - About Hannibal
		202 - Scipio defeated Hannibal at the battle of Zama.
		Hannibal was trained in combat from the time he could hold a sword in his hand and accompanied his father into battle in Iberia at the age of 9.
		Hannibal was defeated by Publius Cornelius Scipio after a long battle at Zama.
	www.hannibalofcarthage.org /hannibal.php (1331 words)

	Great Battles of History: SPQR Player's Guide (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Balance notes on Carthage vs Rome battles, general notes on handling the Carthaginians and Hannibal.
		The Battles of Lamia and Elis, 208 BC (p.
		New scenario of last battle of Macedonian wars.
	patriot.net /~townsend/GBoH/gboh-spqrguide.html (153 words)

	Roman to Julian Conversion: AUC 564 = 190 BC
		He notes that the Roman army was stuck for 30 days en route to fighting Antiochus III because Scipio, in his priestly capacity as a Salius, was forbidden to move for 30 days and therefore could not cross the Hellespont with the army.
		The battle of Magnesia followed a few weeks after the resumption of movement, and the march to Magnesia is described as occurring before the onset of winter.
		The priestly activities of the Salii are known to have occurred between the Regifugium (a.d.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/190bc.htm (1285 words)

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