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Topic: Battle of Manila (1898)

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	Manila City Travel Tips and General Information - Manila Hotels Philippines Travel Discounts - Philippine Manila ...
		Manila is the capital city of the Philippines.
		Manila is home and working place to nearly 2 million industrious, charming and hospitable people; likewise the city is the haven of approximately 3 million daytime transients.
		The creation of Manila Hotel was the result of the urban design scheme during the American Colonial Era, thus it was intended to deliver Manila, once and for all from the standing reproach of inhospitality to the traveler.
	www.mlahotels.com /info/manila.html (6357 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Battle of Manila (1898) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Many believe the battle was fought only to keep the city from being captured by Filipino (A native or inhabitant of the Philippines) Insurgents under Emilio Aguinaldo (additional info and facts about Emilio Aguinaldo).
		With a staged battle both sides felt the city would be able to fall to the U.S. without the insurgents being involved.
		The fall of Manila brought about the end of the Spanish-American War (A war between the United STates and Spain in 1898) in the Philippines for all practical purposes.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/battle_of_manila_(1898).htm (1169 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Manila (1898)
		The Battle of Manila was the land battle between the United States and Spain during the Spanish-American War, not to be confused with the naval Battle of Manila Bay.
		Manilas President Manuel Roxas Boulevard also known as the Baywalk Manila is the capital of the Philippines.
		In recognition of Geroge Dewey's leadership during the Battle of Manila Bay, a special medal known as the Dewey Medal was presented to the officers and sailors under Admiral Dewey's command.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Manila-(1898) (566 words)

	AllRefer.com - Manila Bay (Oceans And Continents) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Manila Bay, nearly landlocked inlet of the South China Sea, SW Luzon, the Philippines.
		The city of Manila is on the eastern shore of the bay, and on the southeast is the city of Cavite, and a historic naval base.
		The Manila Bay area was the focus, during the early phase of World War II, of a desperate attempt to save the Philippines from Japanese conquest (see Bataan; Corregidor).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/ManilaBa.html (317 words)

	Battle of Manila - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Three land battles were fought over control of the city of Manila.
		The first battle was fought between the British and the Spanish, with the British taking control of the Philippines for a couple of years.
		The second battle was during the Spanish-American War in 1898 in which the city, held by the Spanish, surrendered to U.S. forces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Manila (233 words)

	Article on Culture and Arts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This period actually began after Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines from Hong Kong on may 19, 1898, on board an American cutter from the fleet of Admiral George Dewey, who on May 1, 1898, had defeated the Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila Bay.
		Manila was surrendered to the American forces by the Spaniards on August 13, 1898, after a token "battle" (a day after the Protocol of Peace of Peace was signed between Spain and the United States).
		It is probably important to mention that one of the tangible results of the Philippine Revolution is the alienation of a segment of Filipino Catholics who established a Filipino National Church, the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, independent from the Church in Rome.
	www.ncca.gov.ph /culture&arts/cularts/heritage/research/research-philamerican.htm (931 words)

	Battle of Manila Bay -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		(May 1, 1898), defeat of the Spanish Pacific fleet by the U.S. Navy, resulting in the fall of the Philippines and contributing to the final U.S. victory in the Spanish–American War.
		Two battles in the fall of 1777 that marked the turning point for the Continental Army in the American Revolution were the Battles of Saratoga.
		The Battle of Marathon was a decisive victory for the Greeks during the Persian Wars.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9050546 (865 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Battle of Manila Bay
		A Spanish attempt to attack Dewey with Camara's Flying Relief Column came to naught, and the naval war in the Philippines devolved into a series of torpedo boat hit-and-run attacks for the rest of the campaign.
		In recognition of George Dewey's leadership during the Battle of Manila Bay, a special medal known as the Dewey Medal was presented to the officers and sailors under Admiral Dewey's command.
		Dewey himself would later be honored with promotion to the special rank of Admiral of the Navy; a rank that no one has held before or since in the United States Navy.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay (422 words)

	Tribute to Manila Bay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Manila Bay, famous for its beautiful sunset, is the best natural harbor in Eastern Asia and one of the finest in the world.
		The city of Manila is on the eastern shore of the bay, and on the southeast is the city of Cavite.
		The Manila Bay area was the focus, during the early phase of World War II, of a desperate attempt to save the Philippines from Japanese conquest.
	www.manila-bay.com /html/tribute_to_manila_bay.html (220 words)

	Air Philippines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Except for two years (1762—64) when the city was in British hands, it remained under Spanish control until the Spanish-American War (1898), when it was seized by U.S. forces three months after the battle of Manila Bay.
		Reconstruction of the Manila Cathedral began in 1958.
		In 1968, Manila was shaken by a severe earthquake, which killed over 300 people and caused extensive property damage.
	www.airphils.com /places.asp?placename=Manila (184 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| History
		In his book Manila, My Manila National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin writes that during those times, while the Filipinos had their attention focused on what was going on in Malolos, the Americans had their eyes glued to what was going on in Paris.
		The Manila Times for a long time had this motto under its flag: “Pioneer American daily in the Far East.” Underneath was the claim: “Published every day since 1898.” The statement was true, and remained so until the paper burned down in 1928.
		Boguslav, after serving with The Manila Times for 27 years, excluding the war years when he was in an internment camp, and the 15-year period when The Times lay in inanimate suspension, died in Manila in 1962 at the age of 67.
	www.manilatimes.net /others/history.html (5870 words)

	Welcome to SpanishAmericanWar.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The war that broke out between the United States and Spain in 1898 was one in which the American press played a central role.
		The results of the fighting were short and decisive: the U.S. destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila, Teddy Roosevelt made a name for himself by leading the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill, and America emerged as a new international power in Latin America and the Far East.
		In this cover illustration from August 1898, the series' hero Young Glory overpowers a Spaniard on land as the American fleet fires upon an enemy ship at sea.
	www.spanishamericanwar.com (307 words)

	Military.com Content
		The mustachio'ed admiral gave his orders quietly but firmly: "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley." With those famous words began the May 1, 1898, Battle of Manila, the "bloodless" conflict that would establish the United States as the world's preeminent naval power.
		The Spanish-American War in which this battle took place began during a time of transition for the United States in general and its Navy in particular.
		Dewey (second from right) on the bridge of USS Olympia during the battle of Manila Bay, with (from left) apprentice signal boy Samuel Ferguson, Marine orderly John A. McDougall and Chief Yeoman Merrick W. Creagh.
	www.military.com /Content/MoreContent?file=ML_dewey_bkp (499 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Naval Battles \| U.S. Navy Captain Charles Gridley and the Battle of Manila Bay
		Just after midnight on May 1, 1898, the USS Olympia led the United States's Asiatic Squadron quietly through the calm, glassy waters of the Boca Grande Channel, between the island of Corregidor and the coast of Luzon in the Philippines.
		The ensuing Battle of Manila Bay ended with the destruction of the Spanish fleet and the surrender of the Philippine capital of Manila.
		He argued that although he was weak from his illness, he was thoroughly familiar with the battle plan and able to carry out his duties.
	www.historynet.com /air_sea/naval_battles/3037576.html (1122 words)

	PHNO: Headline News Philippines
		Manila, June 3, 2000 - The battle of Manila Bay in 1898 was one of the most significant encounters in history.
		The story of the Battle of Manila Bay did not begin with the outbreak of the Spanish-American War in 1898.
		The Battle of Manila Bay would have truly been a glorious victory had the Americans waged a war against Spain on behalf of oppressed nations.
	www.newsflash.org /2000/05/hl/hl012192.htm (594 words)

	Manila -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Except for two years (1762-64) when the city was in British hands, it remained under Spanish control until the Spanish-American War (1898), when it was seized by U.S. forces three months after the battle of Manila Bay.
		MANILA HERE: Filipino women answer customer calls from America at a facility on a former U.S. military base in Manila..
		Manila's mayor pledges to restore the city to its former glory.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Manila_History.asp (560 words)

	The Philippine Revolution (1896-1898)
		Aguinaldo, engaged in a battle in Pasong Santol, a barrio in Cavite, was not present during the elections.
		The so-called “Brains of the Katipunan,” Emilio Jacinto, was born in Tondo, Manila on December 15, 1875.
		The not-so-hard-fought Battle of Manila Bay was one of the most significant battles in American history because it established the United States as a world power.
	www.philnewscentral.com /philrev.html (7170 words)

	The Mock Battle of Manila in the Spanish American War
		Like the forces that were preparing for battle in the Caribbean, his own force would be composed of four separate elements that would depart for combat in the Philippines over a 5 week period.
		Manila was cut off by sea to the west, and surrounded by insurgent forces landward.
		A pitched battle ensued, the soldiers of the 13th Minnesota caught in a cross-fire between the Spaniards ahead of them and the insurgent forces behind them.
	www.homeofheroes.com /wallofhonor/spanish_am/16_trouble.html (4628 words)

	SparkNotes: The Spanish American War (1898-1901): Important Terms, People, and Events
		When the ship mysteriously exploded on February 15, 1898, it gave the US a final reason to go to war, even though the cause of the explosion is still debated today.
		Always seeking to expand American power in international affairs, Roosevelt was a prominent hawk who gave Dewey the order to attack at the Battle of Manila.
		Battle of Manila - On May 1, 1898, Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet at Manila in a surprise attack in which not a single American was killed.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/american/spanishamerican/terms.html (1261 words)

	spanish american war
		On February 15, 1898, the USS Maine was sunk on an official visit to Havana.
		During the War of 1898, he commanded of the squadron sent to protect the colonies in the New World from the United States.
		On July 16, 1898, terms of surrender provided for the unconditional surrender of 11,500 troops in the city and some 12,000 other troops stationed elsewhere in the province of Santiago.
	www.hannasd.org /sths/war2/spanish.htm (1405 words)

	Charles V Gridley
		USFS OLYMPIA, the flagship of Commodore Dewey`s Asiatic Squadron, at the Battle of Manila Bay.
		At the conclusion of the battle, however Captain Gridley, was not in a condition to celebrate.
		Aboard the COPTIC on June 5, 1898, Capt. Charles Vernon "Steve" Gridley died, while the vessel was in Kobe, Japan.
	users.breathe.com /ron.gridley/Files/cvg.htm (2107 words)

	The Fighting Doctor: Dudley Carpenter at the Battle of Manila Bay
		Even though the crew knew a more fierce battle with the Spanish fleet was coming, one would not have known it by observing their behavior, writes Carpenter.
		The Battle of Manila Bay was over, and the Americans had won.
		As a researcher, I take dissatisfaction in the fact that Carpenter, at least in his descriptions of the Battle of Manila Bay, provided only enough for me to conclude he was normal.
	webpages.charter.net /jasonevines/carpenter.htm (2328 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Manila Bay @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		MANILA BAY [Manila Bay] nearly landlocked inlet of the South China Sea, SW Luzon, the Philippines.
		The Manila Bay area was the focus, during the early phase of World War II, of a desperate attempt to save the Philippines from Japanese conquest (see Bataan ; Corregidor).
		In the Allied recovery of the Philippines (1944-45), many Japanese ships were sunk in the bay.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:ManilaBa&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (260 words)

	::: The Official Website of the PHILIPPINE NAVY :::
		And the Battle of Manila Bay happened at the dawn of May 1, 1898.
		The following day, May 20, 1898, the first Filipino flag was hoisted on a small steam pinnace given by Dewey for Aguinaldo's disposal.
		Some of the things they did was to restore the lighthouses extinguished by the Spaniards, and creating the Philippine map with accurate information.
	www.navy.mil.ph /history2.html (336 words)

	Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy, 1898-1914
		William McKinley, "The Acquisition of the Philippines," 1898
		Loud, George A, Colonel, "The Battle of Manila.
		"The Battle of the Crater," by Edward Abbot, 1906
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/to1914.htm (5502 words)

	ironcladpirate: Battle of Manila Bay Spanish-American War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Castilla was immobile due to mechanical breakdown (actually a repair of a leak which involved pouring concrete into the ship), and remained fixed and vulnerable throughout the battle.
		The small protected cruisers Cuba and Luzon (reduced versions of the Dogali built for Italy) apparently moved back and forth during the battle, and the Reina Cristina charged at the Americans, so not all Spanish ships were sitting ducks in the fight.
		Several of the Spanish ships were later raised and repaired by the Americans, to serve as a colonial squadron for the new imperialist power.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Agora/8088/ManilaB.html (428 words)

	Philippine History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Battle of Manila Bay begun between the American naval fleet of Commodore George Dewey and the Spanish fleet of Admiral Patricio Montojo.
		The battle was mismatched, one-sided, in fact a massacre.
		The first Philippine Assembly was inaugurated at the Manila Grand Opera House with Sergio Osmena as Assembly Speaker and Mauel L. Quezon as Majority Floor Leader respectively.
	www.filamcenter.com /PHistory/AmericanEra.html (505 words)

	May 1, 1898: The Battle of Manila Bay
		At Manila Bay in the Philippines, the U.S. Asiatic Squadron destroys the Spanish Pacific fleet in the first battle of the Spanish-American War.
		In January 1898, violence in Havana led U.S. authorities to order the battleship USS Maine to the city's port to protect American citizens.
		Dewey's decisive victory cleared the way for the U.S. occupation of Manila in August and the eventual transfer of the Philippines from Spanish to American control.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1394761/posts (999 words)

	USN Service Medal Index
		Two, however -- the Battle of Manila Bay Medal and the West Indies Naval Campaign Medal, 1898 -- are included because of their widespread issuance.
		Many of the medals illustrated are in the collection of the Navy Museum at the Naval Historical Center.
		Battle of Manila Bay Medal (Dewey Medal) (1898)
	www.history.navy.mil /medals (413 words)

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