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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Battle of Marignano
		The Battle of Marignano was a battle fought during the phase of the Italian Wars (1494–1559) called the War of the League of Cambrai, that took place on 13 and 14 September, 1515, near the town today called Melegnano, 16 km south east of Milan.
		The bloody battle of Marignano was fought to retake control of the duchy of Milan, the French gate to Italy.
		Marignano was also the first battle in history in which the fife was used by the Swiss infantry to relay commands throughout the army.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Battle_of_Marignano (612 words)

	La France en la Guerre: French Wars; the Military History of France
		Battle of Orleans 1428 - 9 Tuesday, 3/7/06, 11:21 AM "In the autumn of 1428, the English, who were already masters of all France north of the Loire, prepared their forces for the conquest of the southern provinces, which yet adhered to the cause of the dauphin.
		Battle of Tours Tuesday, 3/7/06, 11:19 AM "THE broad tract of champaign country which intervenes between the cities of Poitiers and Tours is principally composed of a succession of rich pasture lands, which are traversed and fertilized by the Cher, the Creuse, the Vienne, the Claine, the Indre, and other tributaries of the River Loire.
		The Battle of the Sabis or the Sambre, 57 BC Wednesday, 7/20/05, 9:16 AM The Battle of the Sabis, also known as the Battle of the Sambre, was fought in 57 BC between the forces of the Roman Republic and an association of Belgic tribes in Gaul.
	britishbattles.homestead.com /france.html (3237 words)

	MARIGNANO, BATTLE OF. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was fought (Sept. 13–14) near the town of Marignano (now Melegnano), 10 mi (16.1 km) SE of Milan.
		One of the bloodiest engagements in the Italian Wars, its outcome was decided by the timely arrival of Venetian cavalry.
		Described as a “battle of giants,” Marignano established the superiority of artillery and cavalry over the reputedly invincible Swiss infantry tactics.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ma/Marignan.html (105 words)

	ANCIENT TACTICS TESTED Swiss pike and ancient phalanx
		The debris of battle, the dead and wounded, men and animals, made a horrific obstacle course for the weary soldiers feeling their way in the dark.
		Embroiled in a war with the Hapsburg Emperor Charles V, Francis lost a decisive battle and was himself captured at Pavia in 1525.
		Marignano, meanwhile, would remain a historic milestone, because it helped to give birth to modern warfare, because it was a place where guns and powder supplanted the pike and the sword.
	www.niderost.com /pages/Battle_of_Marignano.htm (4119 words)

	Battle of Marignano: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Battle of Marignano, in the phase of the Italian Wars Italian Wars quick summary:
		The bloody battle of Marignano was fought to retake control of the duchy of Milan duchy of Milan quick summary:
		The battle of fornovo took place in july 1495 during the italian wars....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/battle_of_marignano.htm (1163 words)

	ospreysamurai.com - Knights and Samurai
		At the second battle of Uji in 1184 two samurai vied for the honour of being the first to swim his horse across the river and into action, which one won by telling the other that his saddle girth was loose.
		The result of these different traditions was that the battle of Cerignola in 1503, where volleys of European arquebuses pierced knightly armour for the first time, was effectively a repeat of the Crécy and Agincourt experience using stronger weapons of offence and defence.
		However, the battle of Nagashino in 1575, which was Japan's Cerignola, was far more of a radical change because mounted samurai had never had to contend with any sort of missile volleys.
	www.ospreysamurai.com /knights.html (2148 words)

	September 13
		The battle of Marignano was fought by Francis I of France and his Venetian allies against the Swiss Confederates, who then controlled the duchy of Milan.
		Their military ambitions broken, the Swiss made peace with Francis and negotiated (1516) the "perpetual alliance." This battle was described as a "battle of giants," Marignano established the superiority of artillery and cavalry over the reputedly invincible Swiss infantry tactics.
		The battle of Marignano was a success, though fleeting, for the French but it spelled the end of chivalry.
	webpages.charter.net /astroweaver/history/sept13.html (1043 words)

	Battle of The Spurs Encyclopedia @ PriceOfFreedom.com (Price of Freedom) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Battle of the Spurs or Battle of Guinegate August 16 1513.
		As part of the Holy League under the on-going Italian Wars, English troops under Henry VIII defeated a French army under Marshal La Palice.
		Called "Battle of the Spurs" because of the haste of the French to leave the battlefield, it took place at Guinegate (now Enguinegatte, France).
	www.priceoffreedom.com /encyclopedia/Battle_of_the_Spurs (268 words)

	Zollinger Family History > Jörg (Georg) Zollinger;
		He was a mercenary commander, and fought at the battle of Pavia in Italy in 1512, and then again at the battle of Marignano, Italy in 1515, where the Swiss troops were defeated.
		He was their commander in the second battle of Kappel against the Central Swiss Cantons.
		Commander of the first battle of Kappel was Huldrich Zwingli, the reformation leader of Zürich, who was killed in that battle.
	www.zollinger-genealogy.com /MilitaryZollingers/jorgzollinger.php (257 words)

	Marignano Battle of - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Marignano, Battle of, defeat on September 13-14, 1515, of Swiss mercenaries by the combined forces of France and Venice near the village of...
		Located at the junction of the Battle Creek and Kalamazoo rivers, it is an industrial centre in a...
		Battle, Kathleen (1948- ), American soprano, born in Portsmouth, Ohio.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Marignano_Battle_of.html (102 words)

	Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The descendant of a noble family, nearly every head of which for two centuries had fallen in battle, he was born at the Château Bayard, Dauphiné (near Pontcharra, Isère).
		In 1494 he accompanied Charles VIII into Italy, and was knighted after the Battle of Fornovo (1495), where he had captured a standard.
		In 1513, when Henry VIII of England routed the French at the Battle of the Spurs (Guinegate, where Bayard's father had received a lifelong injury in a battle of 1479), Bayard, trying to rally his countrymen, found his escape cut off.
	www.bajart.net (1048 words)

	Germany - MSN Encarta
		After the battle of Marignano in 1515, though, the Valois ruler Francis I resumed expansionist policies in Italy and in 1519 even presented himself as a candidate for Holy Roman emperor.
		In a decisive battle at Pavia in 1525, Francis was captured and forced to renounce all claims to Milan, Naples, Genoa, and the duchy of Burgundy.
		A truce was reached in 1545, but for the next 25 years imperial and Ottoman troops skirmished in southern Europe until the imperial troops achieved a smashing defeat of the Ottoman navy at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576917_15/Germany.html (1650 words)

	battle of Marignano - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Marignano, battle of, 1515, in the Italian Wars, fought by Francis I of France and his Venetian allies against the Swiss Confederates, who then controlled the duchy of Milan.
		It was fought (Sept. 13-14) near the town of Marignano (now Melegnano), 10 mi (16.1 km) SE of Milan.
		Their military ambitions broken, the Swiss made peace with Francis and negotiated (1516) the "perpetual alliance" (see Switzerland).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Marignan.html (287 words)

	Melegnano at AllExperts
		Melegnano (formerly Marignano) is a town in Italy, in the province of Milan, region of Lombardy.
		Melegnano was a stronghold of Milan in the Italian Wars, and known particularly for the Battle of Marignano, a victory over the Swiss in 1515.
		It is also known for the battles between the French and Austrians in 1859.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/me/melegnano.htm (169 words)

	The Renaissance Market Place - Italian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The battle had no decisive victor but the French were not stopped in moving back north and the league managed to re-take Naples.
		September the Swiss launched a surprise attack on the French ranks beginning the battle of Marignano which is known as one of the fiercest battles of the Italian wars.
		The battle went back and forward on both side for two long days until finally the French, re-enforced by an army of men from Venice, managed to break the Swiss ranks.
	library.thinkquest.org /C005356/e-italian.htm (1921 words)

	Switzerland: History - K12 Academics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		At the Battle of Morgarten on November 15, 1315, the Swiss defeated the Habsburg army and secured factual independence as the Swiss Confederation.
		The expansion of the federation, and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars, suffered a first setback in 1515 with the Swiss defeat in the Battle of Marignano.
		The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the battles of Villmergen in 1656 and 1712.
	www.k12academics.com /switzerland_history.htm (1026 words)

	The Battle of Marignano in 1515, from the Tomb of Francois I and Claude of France Giclee Print by Pierre Bontemps at ...
		The Battle of Marignano in 1515, from the Tomb of Francois I and Claude of France Giclee Print by Pierre Bontemps at AllPosters.com
		The Battle of Marignano in 1515, from the Tomb of Francois I and Claude of France by Pierre Bontemps
		The Battle of Marignano in 1515, from the Tomb of Francois I and Claude of France
	www.allposters.com /-sp/The-Battle-of-Marignano-in-1515-from-the-Tomb-of-Francois-I-and-Claude-of-France-Posters_i1342925_.htm (138 words)

	WHKMLA : War of the Holy League, 1510-1516
		Major military events were the French victory in the Battle of Ravenna 1512, the French defeat in the Battle of Novara 1513 at the hands of the Swiss, and the French victory, again over a Swiss force, in the Battle of Marignano 1515.
		As the Battle of Agnadello showed her political limitations to the Republic of Venice, so did the Sacco di Roma 1527 to the Popes.
		Slag vid Marignano, 1515, from Historiske Slag, in Danish
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/holyleague.html (506 words)

	1515
		September 5 - Selim captures the Persian capital of Tabriz[?] without encountering any resistance, but is unable to hold it.
		September 13 - September 14 - Battle of Marignano[?] - The army of Francis I of France defeats the Swiss, thanks to the timely arrival of a Venetian army.
		September 22 - Anne of Cleves, later fourth Queen consort of Henry VIII of England.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/15/1515.html (167 words)

	::: Stair Sainty Gallery :::
		The artist has recorded a probably fictional account of the wounded Prince, who supposedly found among the dead and dying by the priest-brothers of the great Carthusian monastery of Pavia, was brought within the security of their walls to die.
		His son Louis made an even better marriage in 1446, to Marguerite d’Amboise, younger sister of Françoise, duchess of Brittany and daughter and heiress of Louis, Viscount of Thouars and Prince of Talmont(d), and through her acquired the Amboise estates.
		There the venerable hero is greeted by his ten year old grandson, to whom he tells the story of the heroic death of the boy’s father, while members of the household, including the boy’s grief-stricken mother, look on.
	www.europeanpaintings.com /html/detail1.asp?Id_painting=336 (937 words)

	The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction eBook
		Complete darkness at length forced them to rest on their arms; but the king’s trumpet continually sounded, to indicate to the bivouac where he was to be found; while the two famous horns of Uri and Unterwalden called the Swiss together.
		The battle was renewed on the 14th at daybreak: the unrelenting obstinacy was the same; but the French had taken advantage of the night to collect and fortify themselves.
		Marshal Trivulzio, who had been present at eighteen pitched battles, declared that every other seemed to him children’s play in comparison with this “battle of giants,” as he called it: 20,000 dead already covered the ground; of these two-thirds were Swiss.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/11539/14.html (447 words)

	AllRefer.com - Marignano, battle of (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Marignano, battle of (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Wars And Battles > Marignano, battle of
		Marignano, battle of[mArEnyA´nO] Pronunciation Key, 1515, in the Italian Wars, fought by Francis I of France and his Venetian allies against the Swiss Confederates, who then controlled the duchy of Milan.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Marignan.html (224 words)

	RDMA Fifes & Drums History
		It was still used by the American military into the Civil War, but by then the increased range, accuracy, and rapidity of firearms, the extension and rapid movement of battle lines, and replacement of long marches by transport on railway and steamship, made fife and drum obsolete.
		Members of the Pawtuxet Rangers served in many military actions: the Battle of Rhode Island, the Battle of Saratoga, the Siege of Boston and the surrender at Yorktown.
		On April 22, 1775, a day after the battle of Lexington, Benedict Arnold, the commander of the Second Company, secured powder, ball and flint from the King's powder house and marched the Company to Boston to assist the patriots in Boston.
	www.drummajor.net /Fife/1FifesHistory.htm (2846 words)

	Battles for the Faith
		During the battle, the duke of Nemours recognized at the head of a Huguenot squadron a gentleman named Castelnau, for whom he entertained a warm friendship.
		At the same time the admiral, divining that Orleans would be the next point assailed, directed D'Andelot to collect as many of the dispersed battalions as possible, and hasten with them to reinforce the menaced city.
		The Huguenots were far from considering themselves defeated, though Guise remained master of Dreux, and Coligny, after the cessation of the duke's assaults, continued his retreat.
	www.americanpresbyterianchurch.org /battles_for_the_faith.htm (18222 words)

	[No title]
		The Battle of Pavia was a continuation of "The Italian Wars" which began in 1494.
		Thus ended the Battle of Pavia (in which the French army was virtually annihilated), on the Emperor's birthday.
		All of France's nobility was depleted by the Battle of Pavia.
	members.fortunecity.com /jonhays/pavia.htm (2513 words)

	Edward Burne-Jones, Edgar Boehm and The Battle of Flodden Field Apollo - Find Articles
		Bontemps's reliefs are a more convincing prototype for Flodden Field than the 'celebrated battle scenes of Uccello and Michelangelo', that have been suggested as precedents.
		(15) The parts illustrating the Battle of Marignano bear a close resemblance to Flodden Field in the depth of the relief, the forest of lances and, even in the somewhat naively rendered landscape.
		The chronological proximity of the battles of Flodden (1513) and Marignano (1515) would, moreover, have made Bontemps's sculpture an entirely appropriate source both historically and artistically.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PAL/is_498_158/ai_106652580/pg_2 (449 words)

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