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| | First World War, 1914-1918 |
 | | By the time the battle ended, the French had regained almost all of the ground lost in the initial German attacks, while Falkenhayn had been replaced by the team of Hindenburg and Ludendorff, famous after victories in the east, who decided to go on to the defensive in the west. |
 | | The battle was a disaster for Italy, but the new line soon stabilised, and in 1918 the Germans pulled their troops out of the front, expecting the Austrians to be able to deal with Italy on their own now that the Russian front was won. |
 | | First was the battle of Heligoland Bight (28 August 1914), which began as an British attempt to stop German patrols, and escalated when the Admiralty sent in Cruisers from the Grand Fleet, and the Germans sent out some of their own Cruisers. |
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