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Topic: Battle of Muret

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	Battle of Muret (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Battle Town Homepage Battle is built on the very site of the famous Battle of 1066, where William the Conqueror defeated King Harold and his Saxon army on that fateful day.
		Battle of the Coral Sea - RAN and USN An Australian perspective on the Battle of the Coral Sea, May 1942, with concise descriptions of battle action and a single battle map.
		Old bataille, bataile, French bataille battle, OF., battle, battalion, from Latin battalia, battualia, the fighting and fencing exercises of soldiers and gladiators, from batuere to strike, beat.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Battle_of_Muret.html (591 words)

	Peter II of Aragon
		Peter II of Aragon (1174 - September 12, 1213), surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon and count of Barcelona from 1196 to 1213.
		He led the Spanish forces to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.
		He died in September 12, 1213 at the Battle of Muret[?] in the help of his vassal, the count of Toulouse, during the crusade against the Albigensians.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pe/Peter_II_of_Aragon.html (91 words)

	Chapter 5: A History of Aragon and Catalonia
		The crusading cavalry (the battle as usual at this period was a cavalry action) was barely 900 strong, while that of the allies must have amounted to 3000 at least.
		The town of Muret lay in the angle formed by the confluence of the Louge with the Garonne, was surrounded by walls and was also protected by a bourg or citadel of considerable strength which lay at the apex of the angle formed by the two rivers.
		In this plain was fought the battle of Muret, the decisive conflict of the crusade.
	libro.uca.edu /chaytor/hac5.htm (3976 words)

	Peter II of Aragon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He led the Christian forces to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.
		Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal.
		Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peter_II_of_Aragon (358 words)

	PETER, ""THE CRUEL"" - LoveToKnow Article on PETER, ""THE CRUEL"" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the year after the battle of the Navas de Tolosa he took up arms against the crusaders of Simon of Montfort, moved not by sympathy with the Albigenses, but by the natural political hostility of the southern princes to the conquering intervention of the north under pretence of religious zeal.
		His son records the way in which he spent the night before the battle of Muret with a crudity of language which defies translation, and tells us that his father was too exhausted in the morning to stand at Mass, and had to be lifted into the saddle by his squires.
		In 1366 he was assailed by his bastard brother Henry of Trastamara at the head of a host of soldiers of fortune, and fled the kingdom without daring to give battle.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PETER_THE_CRUEL_.htm (1216 words)

	September 12 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester defeats Peter II of Aragon, the king of Aragon at the Battle of Muret.
		1814 - Battle of North Point: An American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore in the War of 1812.
		U.S. Army deserters in the Saint Patrick's Battalion who fought alongside the Mexican army are hanged en masse for treason by the order of General Winfield Scott.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/September_12 (1093 words)

	Encyclopedia: Peter II of Aragon
		Events January 6 - Philip of Swabia becomes King of the Romans April 14 - Battle of Adrianople (1205) between Bulgars and Latins August 20 - Following certain news of Baldwin Is death, Henry of Flanders is crowned Emperor of the Latin Empire Births Deaths July 13 Hubert Walter Archbishop of Canterbury...
		The July 16, 1212 battle of Las Navas de Tolosa is considered a major turning point in the history of Medieval Iberia.
		At the Battle of Muret on September 12, 1213 the Crusading army of Simon IV de Montfort defeated the Aragonese and Catalonian forces of Peter II of Aragon.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Peter-II-of-Aragon (1478 words)

	5. Aragon. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Alfonso tried to keep his Provençal holdings clear of the Albigensian heresy, but Raymond, count of Toulouse, a supporter of the heresy, sought to win Peter II to his views.
		Peter went to Rome (1204) for a papal coronation, declared himself a vassal of the Holy See, and bore an honorable part at Las Navas de Tolosa, but he was forced by the horrors of the Albigensian Crusade and the legitimate appeals of his vassals to oppose Simon de Montfort at Muret, where he fell.
		The Battle of Muret marked the end of Aragonese interests north of the Pyrenees.
	www.bartleby.com /67/479.html (828 words)

	Cathar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is thus hardly surprising that the barons of the north flocked south to do battle for the Church.
		Peter died fighting against the crusade on September 12, 1213 at the Battle of Muret.
		The war ended in the treaty of Paris (1229), by which the king of France dispossessed the house of Toulouse of the greater part of its fiefs, and that of Beziers of the whole of its fiefs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cathar (2410 words)

	Encyclopedia: Alfonso II of Aragon
		Events May 1 - Battle of Cresson - Saladin defeats the crusaders July 4 - Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, at the Battle of Hattin.
		Peter II of Aragon (1174 - September 12, 1213), surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II) and count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.
		Alfonso, Count of Provence (died 1209), was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Alfonso-II-of-Aragon (1770 words)

	French History Timeline
		The the Battle of Muret (1213) marked the last major military action of the crusade, and is where Pedro II of Aragon was killed trying to assist count Raymond.
		Flemish town-militia defeated French knights at the Battle of Courtrai ['Battle of the Spurs' (1302)].
		Jean II was captured by the 'Black Prince' Edward, son of Edward III, at the battle of Poitiers (1356).
	www.xenophongroup.com /montjoie/fr-tl.htm (4197 words)

	History of Catalonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Visigoths dominated the territory until the beginning of the 8th century, first from Toulouse and later from Toledo.
		In 718, the Muslim conquest of Spain reached the northwestern part of the peninsula and made incursions into Septimania, a process that took place with few major battles in this region, one of the most notable being at Tarragona.
		The defeat of the Republican armies in the Battle of the Ebro led in 1938 and 1939 to the occupation of Catalonia by Franco's forces, who abolished Catalan autonomy and brought in a dictatorial regime, which took strong measures against Catalan nationalism and Catalan culture.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Catalonia (5016 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Dominic
		During the progress of the conflict, he knelt before the altar in the church of Saint-Jacques, praying for the triumph of the Catholic arms.
		So remarkable was the victory of the crusaders at Muret that Simon de Montfort regarded it as altogether miraculous, and piously attributed it to the prayers of Saint Dominic.
		In gratitude to God for this decisive victory, the crusader erected a chapel in the church of Saint-Jacques, which he dedicated, it is said, to Our Lady of the Rosary.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05106a.htm (3978 words)

	List of battles (geographic) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Battle of La Coru%F1a - 1809 - (A series of wars fought between France (led by Napoleon Bonaparte) and alliances involving England and Prussia and Russia and Austria at different times; 1799-1815) Napoleonic Wars
		Battle of Cumaná - 1813 - Campaña Admirable
		Battle of Araure - 1813 - Campaña Admirable
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/L/Li/List_of_battles_(geographic).htm (6429 words)

	Crusader 45 Page 3
		The Battle of Muret, near Toulouse, took place on September 12, 1213.
		May She who victoriously cast the terrible sect of the Albigensians from the frontiers of Christian peoples be invoked and implored to dissipate the new errors of our times, and in particular those of the Communists who, for more than one reason, and by their perversity, bring to mind those ancient heresies.
		The bitter battle which lasted all afternoon finished with a brilliant victory of the Christians.
	www.fatimacrusader.com /cr45/cr45pg3.asp (1858 words)

	Peter II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		1213, Muret, France), king of Aragon from 1196 to 1213, the eldest son and successor of Alfonso II.
		Peter, with other Spanish kings, took a prominent part in the victory over the Moors at Las Navas de Tolosa (July 16, 1212); but he then went to support his brother-in-law Raymond VI of Toulouse against the crusader Simon de Montfort in Languedoc.
		There he was killed in the Battle of Muret.
	www.wga.hu /tours/spain/peter2.html (124 words)

	1213 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		September 12 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester defeats Peter II of Aragon, the king of Aragon at the Battle of Muret.
		Alix of Thouars, heiress of the duchy of Brittany marries Peter of Dreux; beginning of the Dreux rule in Brittany, which would last until 1514
		September 12 - King Peter II of Aragon (killed in battle) (born 1174)
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/1213 (153 words)

	The Cathars: Who's Who In The Cathar War: French Kings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This battle was the turning point in the history of Medieval Iberia.
		The forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile were joined by the armies of his rivals, Peter II of Aragon and Alfonso II of Portugal to fight the Muslim Almohad rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula.
		Peter fought at the battle of Muret in 1213, but was killed during a needless show of bravado.
	www.languedoc-france.info /120506_peter_ii.htm (460 words)

	Our Secret Military Weapon: The Rosary -- December 1996 Mindszenty Report
		The Battle of Muret was indeed a victory of the Rosary.
		It was not until the year 732 that Allah's followers, called Saracens by the Franks, met in battle on the hills of the Poitou the great Christian leader and grandfather of Charlemagne, Charles Martel.
		The battle was bloody, but by nightfall the Saracens had been defeated and their chief killed.
	www.mindszenty.org /report/1996/dec96.html (2691 words)

	Martin Alvira Cabrer 12 de Septiembre de 1213
		The book is focused both on the battle itself and on its two main characters: the Aragonese King Pedro III and the crusader leader Simon of Monfort.
		Here we have a study of the two main characters and why the battle was regarded as something useful, sacred and needed by both sides: the aragonese-occitan people and the crusaders army.
		In a second group “battle and historical memory”, we find a study on the sociological impact of the battle on its contemporaries and specially how the outcome of the battle marked the way of its two main characters, the defeated Pedro and successful Simon, were regarded in that time and in the future.
	www.deremilitari.org /REVIEWS/review20.htm (1485 words)

	Medieval Net. Welcome to the Medieval Network. Medieval History Page 7. Famous People, Medieval Recipes, Medieval ...
		In Spain, the Castilians and Aragonese united to meet the Muslims in the climatic battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.
		Peter was defeated and killed in the battle of Muret, and de Montfort was now unopposed in his conquest of the lands of southern France.
		The combined armies of Philip Augustus, King of France, the German supporters of Frederick II, and allies of Innocent III met that allied forces of King John of England and Otto of Brunswick in battle at Bouvines (in modern Belgium).
	www.medieval.net /medievalhistory7.htm (568 words)

	Synthesis Pattern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This being the only case in history in which it was decided to launch a crusade against a Christian lord whose only fault was that of showing tolerance.
		On the orders of Simon de Montfort, the crusaders conquered the area, which was later to be called Linguadoc with fire and battle.
		Tens of thousands of people were killed, tortured or burnt alive, from Béziers (15-20,000 dead) to Minerve, from Bram to Lavaur.
	www.viaoccitanacatalana.org /sintesi/sintesi_dettaglio_ing.asp?offset=19 (231 words)

	The Worlds of Alfonso The Learned and James The Conqueror
		The battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, on the central Spanish highlands, precipitated the Almohad collapse.
		The battle of Muret in 1213, just south of Toulouse, ended Catalan hegemony in southern France; its confused aftermath threatened to split these linguistic-cultural affiliates apart, and to isolate Occitania as a vacuum of power vulnerable to takeover by its rough northern neighbor Francia.
		The logic of events unleashed by these four battles dictated the course of Iberian and western Mediterranean affairs for the lifetime of our two kings, through a roll call of subsequent battles on land and at sea.
	libro.uca.edu /worlds/chapter1.htm (5647 words)

	Odontocat: History of Catalonia < The Corts Catalanes and the first Medieval Generalitat (13th and 14th centuries)
		According to historians, the Corts Catalanes came into being at an assembly called by the papal delegate, Cardinal Pere de Benevento, in Suda Castle in Lleida in 1214.
		The assembly was convened in an attempt to establish order given the state of confusion in which the country found itself at the start of the reign of James I, still a child, following the death of his father King Peter I in the Battle of Muret.
		The new king took his oath before the prelates and magnates of the royal court and the representatives of the towns and villages.
	www.odontocat.com /angles/history2.htm (778 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Battle of Tel Basher, where two Islamic-French coalitions clash.
		Latins of Achaea defeated by the Greeks in the Battle of Pelagonia.
		Livonian Teutonic Knights defeated by the Lithuanians in the Battle of Durbe.
	www.eie.gr /ibe/crusades/crustimetable.htm (1336 words)

	[No title]
		Following a two week siege the viscount surrendered and, by papal decree, had to give up all his possessions to Simon de Montfort.
		As the result of the Count of Toulouse's reversals and following the battle of Muret in 1213, Simon extended his authority to the County of Toulouse.
		After his death, his son, Amaury, lacking the military power to take command over these hostile lands, ceded his rights to the king of France, in 1224.
	www.culture.gouv.fr /carcassonne/en/hc402.htm (285 words)

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