In the west, the French were beaten in the Battle of Rheinberg and the Battle of Krefeld (Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick).
In the east, at the Battle of Zorndorf in Prussia, a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick fought to a standstill with a Russian army of 43,000 commanded by Count Fermor.
The final major battle between Prussia and Austria was the Battle of Freiberg, fought on 29 October 1762.
Tactics(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
Although occurring in the happenstance of battle in earlier engagements, breaking the line was first successfully introduced as a preordained part of a battle plan by British Admiral Lord George Rodney in the War of American Independence.
British tactics called for the attack to be pressed from the Weather Gage (or upwind) and for the guns to be aimed at the hull of the enemy --between wind and water -- killing the crew and damaging the hull.
British tactics, therefore, generally complimented the desires of the French, who favored the leeward position and appreciated the fact that their rigging and sails were not being shot to pieces in the initial stages of the battle.
www.ageoffightingsail.com (1005 words)
List of battles 1401-1800(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
Battle of Grunwald or Battle of Zalgiris) July 15 Poles and Lithuanians defeat Teutonic Knights
1428 Battle of Orleans English forces commanded by the Earl of Salisbury with duke of Bedford besiege French city and are driven off with the loss of their siege engines by Joan.
1600 Battle of Nieuwpoort June 2 Battle between Dutch (led by Prince Mauritz) and Spanish army, led by Albrecht, archduke of Austria.
1758 Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
April 29 - Battle of the Bay of Bengal - A French fleet under Sir George Pocock engages the French fleet of Anne Antoine d'Aché indecisively near Madras.
August 3 - Battle of Negapatam - Off the coast of India, Admiral Pocock again engages d'Aché's French fleet, this time with more success.
August 25 - Battle of Zorndorf - Frederick defeats the Russian army of Count Wilhelm Fermor near the Oder.
CHRONOLOGY(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
The battle was a major defeat for the English who lost 17 ships with some 8,000 casualties set against the 7 ships and 2,000 casualties suffered by the Dutch.
To the west, a separate battle was fought between the two rear divisions under Admirals Cornelis Tromp and Jeremy Smyth with the English Admiral rapidly gaining the upper hand.
Tromp was forced to withdraw to the shelter of the Dutch coast.
Those preceding the Battle of Havana include: The rise to prominance of First Baron George Anson of the Royal Navy through his raiding of Spanish posessions off the West Coast of the Americas in 1740 during his circumnavigation of the globe (which ended in 1744).
On July 25th England was repelled by French Naval forces at the Battle of Negapatam resulting in the capture of Madras by France.
Although Knowles was to suffer a mixed reputation as a result the Battle of Havana He eventually attained the rank of admiral in 1758.
Various ships named Yarmouth in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Yarmouth, launched 1748, was a 60-gun (later refitted as a 64-gun) ship that fought at Cuddalore, Negapatam and Pondicherry and later saw action in the American War of Independence.
Yarmouth, launched 1911, was a Weymouth class light cruiser in commission from 1911 until 1929.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/HMS_Yarmouth (142 words)
List of battles 1401-1800(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
1709 Battle of Malplaquet September 11 - Prince of Savoy and Duke of Marlborough defeat the French in the largest battle of the 18th century, though at a terrible cost.
1729 Battle of Damghan - Nadir Shah defeats the Afghans.
1796 Battle of the Bridge of Arcole November 17 - Napoleon's battle in Italy.
1428 Battle of Orléans English forces commanded by the Earl of Salisbury with duke of Bedford besiege French city and are driven off with the loss of their siege engines by Joan.
1471 Battle of Barnet 14 AprilConfusion in the fog, Earl of Warwick killed.
1665 Battle of Ambuila Portuguese forces defeat and kill king Garcia II of Kongo, ending native rule of that kingdom.
Battle Roster (This roster is incomplete as there are scenarios created that either I do not have, or that are one on one and therefore not listed because their titles tell the story)
Last Battle of the Sutherland: Total: 5 England: 1 SOL France: 4 SOL
The Battle of Rosas Bay: Total: 14 England: 5 SOL, 1 Frig., 4 Brig France: 4 SOL
All were furiously contested, both admirals being tenacious fighters, and at Negapatam the French 'Brilliant', lost 47 killed and 136 wounded.
The captain of the 'Sévère', ordered his colours struck but his first lieutenant, refusing to accept this, forcibly shut him up in his cabin and rehoisted them.
This painting is signed and dated 'D Serres 1786', and inscribed bottom left '3rd Action off Negapatam 6th July 1782'.
