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Topic: Battle of Okinawa

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	Battle of Okinawa
		Okinawa was the largest amphibious invasion of the Pacific campaign and the last major campaign of the Pacific War.
		The battle of Okinawa proved to be the bloodiest battle of the Pacific War.
		In the battle of Okinawa, the rate of combat losses due to battle stress, expressed as a percentage of those caused by combat wounds, was 48% [in the Korean War the overall rate was about 20-25%, and in the Yom Kippur War it was about 30%].
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/facility/okinawa-battle.htm (2047 words)

	Battle of Okinawa
		From the first days of the Asia-Pacific war, Okinawa was fortified as the location of air bases and as the frontline in the defense of mainland Japan.
		Land and farms were forcibly expropriated throughout Okinawa and the Imperial Japanese Army began the construction of air bases.
		General Buckner USA were engaged in a fierce battle along a fortified front which represented the outer ring of the Shuri Line.
	home.centurytel.net /amlegionlacrosse/okinawa.htm (2044 words)

	Battle of Okinawa
		Unlike the recently fought battle at Iwo Jima, the island of Okinawa was large enough to hold a base for staging an invasion(Wheeler 98).
		Okinawa was an ideal place for the United States to try to slow Japan’s aggressive warfare tactics("The Battle of Okinawa" 1).
		Okinawa was the last battle fought in World War Two, and the last battle the world would have without the threat of nuclear warfare.
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /History/Japan/04/vaughn/vaughn.htm (1115 words)

	::The Battle of Okinawa:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The capture of Okinawa was part of a three-point plan the Americans had for winning the war in the Far East.
		Okinawa was to prove a bloody battle even by the standards of the war in the Far East but it was to be one of the major battles of World War Two.
		Okinawa is the largest of the Ryukyus islands at the southern tip of Japan.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /battle_of_okinawa.htm (834 words)

	Battle of Okinawa
		The Battle of Okinawa, fought on the island of Okinawa in the Ryukuku Islands[?] was the largest amphibious assault during the Pacific campaign of World War II.
		Before this battle, an evacuation ship called Tsushima-maru was sunk by a U.S. submarine and many schoolchildren were killed.
		The casualty figures were extremely high and are reflected in the length of time (nearly 6 months, from April 1, 1945 until September 1945) which it took to take the island and obtain a surrender from the Japanese forces.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Battle_of_Okinawa.html (178 words)

	Battle of Okinawa
		The Battle of Okinawa, fought on the island of Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands was the largest amphibious assault during the Pacific campaign of World War II.
		The battle has been referred to as "Typhoon of Steel" in English, and "tetsu no ame," "tetsu no bōfū" by Okinawans, which means "rain of steel" and "violent wind of steel" respectively, referring to the intensity of gunfire that characterized this battle.
		At some battles such as Iwo Jima, there had been no civilians, but Okinawa had a large indigenous civilian population, and the civilian losses in the battle were at least 130,000.
	www.angelfire.com /art3/battleofokinawapics (318 words)

	Japan's Battle of Okinawa
		Japan's Battle of Okinawa, the newest of the Leavenworth Papers series, takes us into the world of the modern infantryman and illustrates in vivid detail Clausewitz dictum that combat is to war as cash payment is to commerce.
		Okinawa's economy produced sweet potatoes to feed the cows and pigs, and imported rice from Taiwan to feed the human population.
		In short, as the battle approached in February and March of 1945, 4,500 men from sea-raiding units, 14,000 men from various shipping and communications units, and 3,000 men from antiaircraft units, a total of 21,500 men of the 29,000 not already in major line units, were reorganized for potential service on the infantry line.
	www.cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/Huber/Huber.asp (15205 words)

	MilitaryHistoryOnline.com - Okinawa
		The Battle of Okinawa is distinguished among battles, yet often unrecognized when referring to the great battles of the Second World War.
		Approximately 150,000 Okinawans, about a third of the population, perished.(1) At the battle's end, somewhere between a third and half of all surviving civilians were wounded.(2) No battle during the Second World War, except Stalingrad, had as massive a loss of civilian life.
		The Battle of Okinawa lost its place in history because the history that was being made in 1945 was itself so monumental.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /wwii/okinawa/default.aspx (1715 words)

	Battle of Okinawa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Okinawa, fought on the Japanese island of Okinawa was the largest amphibious assault during the Pacific campaigns of World War II.
		Okinawa had a large Japanese civilian population, of whom at least 150,000 were killed during the battle.
		His death, so near the end of the battle and the war, was ironic, for it was Buckner's decision to attack the Japanese defenses head-on, which proved to be extremely costly in U.S. lives although the attack was ultimately successful.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa (2116 words)

	Battle of Okinawa
		The Battle of Okinawa, fought on the island of Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands (south of the four big islands of Japan) was the largest amphibious assault during the Pacific campaign of World War II.
		At some battles such as Iwo Jima, there had been no civilians, but Okinawa had a large indigenous civilian population, and the civilian loss in the Typhoon of Steel was at least 130,000.
		Shortly before the battle, the Japanese warship the Yamato, the mightiest warship ever built, was sunk by American air power on her trip to Okinawa.
	www.world-war-2.info /battles/bt_15.php (571 words)

	Battle of Okinawa - Wikimedia Commons
		English: The Battle of Okinawa, fought on the island of Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands (south of the four big islands of Japan) was the largest amphibious assault during the Pacific campaign of World War II.
		Okinawa's Landscape in the south is marked by fields of grain and vegetables, broken only by humps of coral, farmhouses, and villages.
		Overcoming the last resistance on Okinawa was aided by propaganda leaflets, one of which is being read by a prisoner awaiting transportation to the rear.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa (1313 words)

	Okinawa: Tha Last Battle
		Okinawa: The Last Battle was written by U. Army historians who participated in the Ryukyus campaign as members of a group organized to accompany the American forces to the Ryukyus and secure at first hand the materials for a history of their operations.
		Before the embarkation of troops for Okinawa, most of the Tenth Army's combat historians, as they were called, had joined at various points in the Pacific the units whose part in the coming battle they were to record.
		In July 1945, after the battle of Okinawa ended, Colonel Stevens and Sergeant Burns were detached from the 1st Information and Historical Service and returned to Oahu to write the history of the Okinawa operation at Fort Shafter, where the records of all Amy units which had fought on Okinawa were subsequently brought together.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/wwii/okinawa (2484 words)

	Pilot Guides.com: Operation Iceberg: The Battle of Okinawa
		After horrific battles with huge losses from both sides (over 8,000 American navy casualties - the highest death toll ever in naval history), the USA captured and controlled Okinawa until 1972.
		The battle of Okinawa was one of the most tragic episodes of the war, as it wasn't only military death but many civilians died.
		When the citizens of Okinawa realised they had lost to the Americans, many jumped to their deaths on the island's cliffs rather than face capture by the USA, whom they considered to be barbarians.
	www.pilotguides.com /destination_guide/asia/japan/battle_of_okinawa.php (346 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Okinawa base battle resolved
		The rape of an Okinawan schoolgirl by three US servicemen in Futenma air base in 1995 caused an outcry on the island, and Tokyo and Washington agreed that Futenma's facilities, currently in a densely populated residential area, would be moved elsewhere.
		Such are the sensitivities of the US base issue in Okinawa, however, that the two sides have taken 10 years to come to a decision on a new location.
		There are regular protests whenever a crime is committed by the US forces in Okinawa, and about the noise and pollution their activities generate.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/4357098.stm (1152 words)

	Amazon.com: Okinawa: The Last Battle of World War II: Books: Robert Leckie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Okinawa was an epic amphibious-air-sea-land battle the likes of which may never be seen again.
		Okinawa was to be the jumping off point for the invasion of Japan in the fall of 1945.
		Okinawa was pounded for several days by the ships as they did not want to make the same mistake as at Iwo, which only 2 days bombardment by the ships left many Jap fortifications and Japs alive to kill Marines when they came ashore.
	www.amazon.com /Okinawa-Last-Battle-World-War/dp/0140173897 (2372 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Battle of Okinawa : The Blood and the Bomb: Books: George Feifer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The Battle of Okinawa was "the largest land-sea-air battle in history," yet remarkably little is know about this final major engagement of World War II.
		In examining the battle from the perspective of both generals and infantrymen, George Feifer explains the substantial differences in the training and mindset between the soldiers, particularly the Japanese's fiercely nationalistic stance and willingness to die for their emperor that both impressed and baffled the Americans.
		In "The Battle of Okinawa", George Feifer demonstrates consummate skill with a microscope, somewhat less with a telescope, and no ability at all to see in the distances between.
	www.amazon.ca /Battle-Okinawa-Blood-Bomb/dp/1585742155 (2145 words)

	Megan Tzeng \| The Battle of Okinawa, 1945: Final Turning Point in the Pacific \| The History Teacher, 34.1 \| The History ...
		Okinawa was a critical turning point that essentially ended the war and served as a catalyst for the world-changing decision that followed.
		Okinawa was the final hop of the campaign; there, the United States Marine Corps, Army, Navy, and Air Force all united in a final struggle before invading mainland Japan.
		The Battle of Okinawa was a turning point because the devastation and remuneration in terms of lives were so high.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ht/34.1/tzeng.html (8934 words)

	Samantha Speaks: The Battle of Okinawa - Part 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		This is the final post about the Battle of Okinawa and before I go on I would like to note that all of the information in these posts came from three sources.
		The second, Okinawa: The Last Battle, was written by Roy E. Appleman, James M. Burns, Russell A. Gugeler, and John Stevens of the Center Of Military History, United States Army, and while it shares many things in common with Colonel Alexander’s text, it is written from the Army’s perspective.
		The Battle of Okinawa was extremely costly to all participants.
	honeyandlace.blogspot.com /2006/07/battle-of-okinawa-part-10.html (1546 words)

	THE OKINAWA TIMES WEEKLY TIMES 1999.8.21
		One of the key considerations in the perception of the Battle of Okinawa was whether Japanese soldiers leveled their guns at local people.
		Kentoshi Kudeken, a historian of the Battle of Okinawa, has had a change of heart and now is refusing to donate his 150]piece collection of War memorabilia to the museum.
		The Okinawa Prefectural Tourism and Resort Bureau recently reported figures concerning the number of schools and students that visited Okinawa for school trips in 1998.
	www.okinawatimes.co.jp /eng/19990821.html (1763 words)

	The Battle for Okinawa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The small island of Okinawa was the scene of the final, bloody showdown between the Japanese and American armies in the long and brutal war in the Pacific.
		The Japanese army, beleaguered and knowing that Okinawa was the Americans' last stepping-stone to their homeland, dug in against the largest amphibious force of the Pacific campaign.
		Yahara, the highest-ranking officer to escape death on the battlefield at Okinawa and not commit hara-kiri, was accused of dishonor and betrayal.
	www.discovermilitaryhistory.com /military4/0471120413AMUS254939.shtml (420 words)

	[No title]
		The Battle of Okinawa took place between April and June of 1945 between the forces of the United States?
		This battle is still studied today as an example of military deception, as Japan at the time had only one working nuclear weapon and therefore needed to concentrate as many Allied forces in one area as possible.
		The Japanese military deception succeeded beyond all expectation, mostly because Allied intelligence had a fairly accurate count of remaining Japanese forces and therefore believed that this would be the final battle of the war.
	www.seedwiki.com /wiki/hiyama/battle_of_okinawa?wpid=247380 (350 words)

	Oral History-Battle of Okinawa
		We departed Ulithi for the Okinawa landings on the 21st of March, arrived at Okinawa the 24th of March, and performed screening duties with the battleships and cruisers [protecting them from Japanese aircraft and submarines] who were bombarding the beaches until the major landing on April 1st, 1945.
		We were taken in tow by a light mine-sweeper in the early afternoon, about three hours after the attack and the mine-sweeper turned the tow over a short time later to a tug, which had been sent to our rescue.
		After reaching Okinawa and pumping out all our flooded spaces, we put soft patches on four small holes we found in the underwater body in the after part of the ship.
	www.history.navy.mil /faqs/faq87-3r.htm (2474 words)

	Ryukyus
		Okinawa had initially emerged as an objective in the spring of 1943, when the Allies believed that an invasion of the home islands might be necessary to force Tokyo's surrender.
		Surveys after the battle revealed that the Japanese, as they so often did on Okinawa, dug many of their positions into the reverse slopes of the ridgelines, away from the anticipated direction of attack.
		The battle of Okinawa, therefore, together with the earlier bloody struggle for Iwo Jima, ominously showed how difficult the final conquest of the Japanese home islands might be.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/ryukyus/ryukyus.htm (8305 words)

	Battle of Okinawa Anniversary Salute
		They were in northern Okinawa in no time, landed the plane at a secured airstrip and 'ran like hell,' as my dad said.
		However, he did tell me once that while he'd been drinking while on Okinawa, he was watching a perimeter where they (his friends) had strung barb wire and hung tin cans on it to act as an alarm in case the Japs wanted to get a little closer than they were supposed to.
		The last land battle of WWII was about to begin on Okinawa, a mere 250 nautical miles from mainland Japan.
	www.jahitchcock.com /okiann.html (1739 words)

	Talk:Battle of Okinawa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Battle of Okinawa article.
		Battle of Okinawa is part of WikiProject Japan, a project to improve all Japan-related articles.
		I have another book Okinawa 1945- The last Battle of Osprey is well detailed and have more accurate info about the casualties sustained and the Kamikaze attacks in the battle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Okinawa (1380 words)

	Chronology of Battle for Okinawa
		April 6 400 Kamikaze planes make an all-out effort against Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, shipping and beach heads; 2 destroyers, 2 ammunition ships, a mine sweeper and an LST are sunk; other vessels are damaged.
		KADENA AB, Japan (AFNS) -- Veterans from the Battle of Okinawa were the honored guests during a retreat ceremony here June 22.
		Attending were more than 600 US and Japanese veterans who took part in one of the fiercest battles of World War II.
	darbysrangers.tripod.com /Okinawa/id3.htm (1572 words)

	Okinawa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The battle for Okinawa began April 1 with the unopposed landing of the 10th Army on Higashi beach in the southern part of the island.
		Joseph Stilwell assumed command of the 10th Army June 23 and proclaimed the end of the campaign July 2.
		"Battle To Death On Okinawa," Universal 18-402 newsreel, May 28, 1945.
	history.sandiego.edu /gen/WW2Timeline/okinawa.html (265 words)

	Battle of Okinawa - History Forum
		the battle of okinawa really captivated me...more precisely, it was the action taken by the Japanese in Okinawa that caught my attention.
		another thing sort of concerning the battle was the kumejima massacre.
		i had no idea that things like that occurred after the battle of okinawa was officially over.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=5447 (288 words)

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