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	Battle of Ourique -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Battle of Ourique took place in the Ouriquen (Rural regions) countryside, present-day (additional info and facts about Alentejo) Alentejo (southern (A republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)) Portugal) in 1139.
		In this battle, the forces of (additional info and facts about Alphonse-Henriques de Portugal) Alphonse-Henriques de Portugal and those of the (Open land usually with peaty soil covered with heather and bracken and moss) Moor fought.
		In commemoration of this event, the Portuguese arms bear five standards and five escudets.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/battle_of_ourique.htm (109 words)

	Encyclopedia: Afonso I of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Events Battle of Naklo Battle of Hundsfeld Fulk of Jerusalem becomes count of Anjou Alfonso I of Aragon marries Urraca of Castile Crusaders capture Tripoli Anselm of Laon becomes chancellor of Laon Births July 25 - Afonso, first king of Portugal Deaths Alfonso VI of Castile Anselm of Canterbury, philosopher and...
		Afonso was the son of Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal and Teresa of LeÃ³n, the illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile and LeÃ³n.
		Near GuimarÃ£es, at the Battle of SÃ£o Mamede (1128) he overcame the troops under his mother's lover and ally Count Fernando Peres de Trava of Galicia, making her his prisoner and exiling her forever to a monastery in LeÃ³n.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Afonso-I-of-Portugal (6476 words)

	Flag of Portugal
		The removal of the sphere was actually a request in the king's will, rather his son Pedro I's doing (a common misconception), in order to keep the territory in the family.
		It was a blue cross under a white background, these were also the symbols of his father, Count Henry of Portugal (1093-1112), although his father's background colour was silver.
		The five shields represent the five wounds that King Alfonso I got in the Battle of Ourique or the five Moorish Kings defeated in that battle or even the five wounds of Christ.
	www.firebird.cn /wiki/Flag_of_Portugal (775 words)

	Flag of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		King Afonso won the battle and, in gratitude, incorporated Christ's five wounds into his flag.
		The five shields represents the five Mourish kings defeated in the Battle of Ourique.
		The castles, originally nine, are a symbol of the Portuguese victories under King Afonso III command over their enemies, relating to the nine mourish castles defeated by Portugal in 1249; it was also the symbol of the Kingdom of Algarve, the last one conquered by the portuguese, when the definitive borders have been settled.
	www.magicaljourneys.com /Portugal/portugal-interest-flag.html (330 words)

	D. Afonso Henriques (English Version)
		But before the Battle of Ourique, a watershed in the life of Afonso Henriques and in Lusitanian history, the Prince must skirt a number of other problems.
		The popular version of the Battle of Ourique tells of Afonso Henriques battling a strong Islamic army, killing the five Moorish kings and forcing the rest of the Moors to make a run for it.
		The Prince writes to Pope Innocent II describing the miracle at Ourique and claiming for himself and his descendants the status of liegeman of the Holy See.
	www.vidaslusofonas.pt /afonso_henriques2.htm (4107 words)

	Brewer, E. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Constantine’s Cross. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is said that Constantine, on his march to Rome, saw a luminous cross in the sky, in the shape and with the motto here given.
		In the night before the battle of Saxa Rubra a vision appeared to him in his sleep, commanding him to inscribe the cross and the motto on the shields of his soldiers.
		As Alonzo was drawing up his men, the figure of a cross appeared in the eastern sky, and Christ, suspended on the cross, promised the Christian king a complete victory.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/81/4021.html (234 words)

	D. AFONSO HENRIQUES
		Of new in the county, the battle was given 24 to it of June of 1128 of Is Mamede.
		The battle was decisive and who was successful there had been over all the portucalenses barons who rejected the influence of the Constraints in the county, and revealed its option for D.
		Afonso Enriques won the leoneses and, in Ourique, the famous battle with the same name, the 25 of July of 1139, it defeated the mouros, passing then to call king.
	homepage.oninet.pt /189mct/d__afonso_henriques.htm (687 words)

	HERCULANO DE CARVALHO E ARAUJO - LoveToKnow Article on HERCULANO DE CARVALHO E ARAUJO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The first volume, however, gave rise to a celebrated controversy, because Herculano had reduced the famous battle of Ourique, which was supposed to have seen the birth of the Portuguese monarchy, to the dimensions of a mere skirmish, and denied the apparition of Christ to King Affonso, a fable first circulated in the ISth century.
		Herculano was denounced from the pulpit and the press for his lack of patriotism and piety, and after bearing the attack for some time his pride drove him to reply.
		The professor of Arabic in Lisbon intervened to sustain the accepted view of the battle, and charged Herculano and his supporter Gayangos with ignorance of the Arab historians and of their language.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HE/HERCULANO_DE_CARVALHO_E_ARAUJO.htm (1558 words)

	Santiago! New Use for a Dead Jew
		Cordoba fell in 1236, Valencia in 1238, Murcia in 1243 and Seville in 1248.
		In 1212, the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, proved to be one of the most decisive in the history of the peninsula.
		A 4 year civil war followed, leading to the defeat of his mother's Leonese forces at the 'Battle of Sâo Mamede.' Teresa herself was confined for the remainder of her life to a monastery in Leon.
	www.jesusneverexisted.com /santiago.html (5028 words)

	D. Afonso Henriques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It was under these circumstances that the Battle took place and after Count Trava's defeat D. Teresa was exiled to Galicia where she died in 1130.
		In Cerneja, in 1137, D. Afonso Henriques triumphed over the Lionese and, in Ourique, in the famous battle of Ourique he triumphed over the Moors in July 25th 1139, and called himself king.
		From the Battle of Ourique onwards, the autonomy of Portugal became more and more unrefuted, and it was strengthened by the papal bull and the acknowledgement of Portugal as an independent kingdom by the Emperor of Lion and Castela and other kings of the Peninsula.
	www.atelier.hannover2000.mct.pt /mosaico/paginas/pr319/uk/henrique.htm (612 words)

	Talk:Battle of Ourique - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If you would like to participate, you can edit this article, or visit the project page, where you can join the project and see a list of open tasks.
		It is not clear whether it too place in Ourique, Alentejo or not.
		This page was last modified 01:03, 11 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Ourique (94 words)

	Alfonso I, king of Portugal. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1128 young Alfonso, who had allied himself with discontented nobles, defeated her in battle and drove her into León with Pérez (Alfonso did not, despite the popular legend, put her in chains at Guimarães).
		Beginning as little more than a quasi-independent guerrilla chief, Alfonso spent his life in almost ceaseless fighting against the kings of León and Castile and against the Moors to increase his prestige and his territories.
		In 1139 he defeated the Moors in the battle of Ourique (fought not at Ourique, but at some undetermined place).
	www.bartleby.com /65/al/Alfon1Por.html (244 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Small land to born in, whole world to die in: Chronicles of Portugal
		In the battle at Arcos de Valdavez, Portugese knights were victorious and Alfonso VII recognize Alfonso Henriques and king of Portugal in 1143.
		Decisive battle between Portugese and Castilian forces was fought in 14th August, 1385, when 7000 Portugese annihilated and scattered 32 000 Castilians in a little more then 30 minutes.
		Battle of Aljubarrota changed the tides of war and though final peace agreement was signed just recently, in 1411, the independence of Portugal was secured.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=31710 (6304 words)

	About Us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The son of Count Henrique and Countess Tereza, the young Prince Afonso Henrique, become a great warrior, and by feats of honour, during the battle of Ourique, fought against the Moorish invaders, the Prince was acclaimed as Monarch, by his Army, in spite of the tittle of King were granted to him back in 1128
		The battle mentioned above was considered one of the most brutal, cruel and terrifying fought by the Saint Sebastian Company.
		After their victory, Knight Vladimir Tsepesh, as was a custom among his people, had the already death enemies decapitated, and the heads were sent to the major officer of the enemy Army, as a prove of his superiority and ferocity.
	www.aristologic.com /id1.html (1300 words)

	VivaPortugal Portuguese Flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The five blue shields represent the five Morisco kings Don Afonso Henriques (the father of the Portuguese kingdom) defeated in the Ourique battle.
		The legend has it that in the Ourique battle the crucified Christ appeared before Don Afonso Henriques and said: "With this sign (the white shield), you will conquer!".
		Diz-se que na batalha de Ourique, Jesus Cristo crucificado apareceu a D. Afonso Henriques, e disse: ``Com este sinal, vencerás!''.
	www.vivaportugal.com /ptflag.htm (332 words)

	iberianmilhistgbkusesroyalarms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The great defeat suffered by the arabs in the battle of Navas de Tolosa in 1212, marked the beginning of the downfall of the Almohades, the last muslim dinasty that ruled southern Spain and North Africa.
		Portugal was then a young kingdom, having just been elevated to that rank in 1139, after the victory of Count Alfonso I of Portugal over the moors in the battle of Ourique and recognized by the Pope as such in 1179.
		Wednesday, 6/20/01, 9:07 AM the civil war battle west of Madrid in which tanks were first used in the war.
	britishbattles.homestead.com /files/spain/20020508_iberian_guestbook.htm (1223 words)

	CNN - Almanac - July 25, 1997
		In 1564, Maximilian II, king of Hungary and Bohemia, became Holy Roman Emperor on the death of Ferdinand I. In 1666, the English fleet defeated the Dutch in the second naval battle of the Foreland.
		In 1712, the Protestant cantons led by Berne defeated the Catholic cantons at the Battle of Villmergen, ending the religious wars in Switzerland.
		In 1848, the Austrians defeated the forces of Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, at the Battle of Custozza, suppressing the first efforts toward the unification of Italy.
	robots.cnn.com /almanac/9707/25 (785 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| dummy \| Day 70 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They were soundly defeated near Northallerton at the Battle of the Standard, so called because the English levies fought under holy banners supplied by Archbishop Thurstan of York.
		In 1139 Don Alfonso Henriques took on and defeated a formidable alliance of Moors at the Battle of Ourique in the west.
		The territory he acquired was to become a new nation: Portugal.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Millennium/0,2833,294712,00.html (450 words)

	AllRefer.com - Alfonso I, king of Portugal (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		After his father's death (1112), his mother, Countess Teresa, ruled the county of Portugal with the help of her Spanish lover, Fernando PErez.
		In 1128 young Alfonso, who had allied himself with discontented nobles, defeated her in battle and drove her into LeOn with PErez (Alfonso did not, despite the popular legend, put her in chains at GuimarAes).
		Beginning as little more than a quasi-independent guerrilla chief, Alfonso spent his life in almost ceaseless fighting against the kings of LeOn and Castile and against the Moors to increase his prestige and his territories.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Alfon1Por.html (327 words)

	Influences on the visions of Fatima
		In the Spain of the Reconquest it was Saint James or Santiago who appeared on a white horse to defeat the Moors at the battle of Clavijo.
		In Portugal, Christ appeared to King Afonso Enriques before the battle of Ourique with the Moors and in the middle ages the Virgin Mary changed the bread that Queen Isabel, wife of King Dinis, was taking to the poor, into roses.
		The same miracle was apparently a copy of what happened to Saint Elizabeth of Hungary some years before.
	www.portcult.com /FAT.04.INFLUENCES.htm (426 words)

	Lusomania.com - Celebrate the Spirit of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The five blue shields stand for the five Moorish kings who were defeated by Dom Afonso Henriques (the founder of the Portuguese state) at the battle of Ourique.
		The white shield and the five smaller blue shields reflect the armour of Dom Afonso Henriques.
		According to legend, Christ appeared to Afonso Henriques at the battle and said: "With this sign, you will win!".
	lusomania.com /pages/4 (298 words)

	The world's top flag of portugal websites
		The five white points in the five shields in the center of the flag refer to a legend concerning the first King of Portugal.
		The story tells that before the Battle of Ourique (26 July 1139), King Afonso was praying for the protection of the Portuguese people when a vision of Jesus on the cross appeared to him.
		The seven castles are a symbol of the Portuguese people's victories over their enemies; it was also the symbol of the Kingdom of Algarve.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/flag_of_portugal (640 words)

	Afonso I -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		She refused to cede her power to Afonso, but his party prevailed in the Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães (1128).
		By victory in the Battle of Ourique (1139) he was able to impose tribute on his Muslim neighbours; and in 1147 he further captured Santarém and, availing himself of the services of passing crusaders, successfully laid siege to Lisbon.
		He carried his frontiers beyond the Tagus River, annexing Beja in 1162 and Évora in 1165; in attacking Badajoz, he was taken prisoner but then released.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9003927 (770 words)

	June Military History
		Skirmish at Harrisonburg, PA Battle of Milliken's Bend, LA Battle of Williamsport, MD Battle of Lake Chicot/Dutch Bayou, AR Marines land at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
		Battle of Trevillian Station/Central Railroad, VA Moslems massacre 300 Christians at Alexandria, Egypt
		Japanese DD Sakaki sunk in the Mediterranean by an Austro-Hungarian u-boat
	www.strategypage.com /military_history_jun.asp (5279 words)

	Ourique, Portugal
		Tradition has it that the battle of Ourique, when Afonso I Henriques won a decisive victory over the Moors in 1139, took place near the modest little village of Ourique, about 15km/9mi southwest of Castro Verde.
		The actual site of the battle is supposed to be Campo de Ourique, between Castro Verde and the village, although historians cast doubt on whether the battle actually happened so far south.
		Unauthorized duplication in part or whole without prior written consent prohibited by law.
	www.planetware.com /portugal/beja/ourique-p-beja-our.htm (81 words)

	HERCULANO DE CARVALHO E ARAUJO, ALEXANDRE (1810-1877) - Online Information article about HERCULANO DE CARVALHO E ...
		battle of Ourique, which was supposed to have seen the birth of the Portuguese monarchy, to the dimensions of a See also:
		PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)
		professor of Arabic in Lisbon intervened to sustain the accepted view of the battle, and charged Herculano and his supporter Gayangos with ignorance of the Arab historians and of their See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HEG_HIG/HERCULANO_DE_CARVALHO_E_ARAUJO_.html (1799 words)

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