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	Battle of Poitiers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Called Battle of Tours or Battle of Poitiers, this battle was fought on October 25, 732 between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel and an Islamic army led by Emir Abd er Rahman.
		This battle is considered by most historians to be of macrohistorical importance, in that it may have halted the invasion of Europe by Muslims, and preserved Christianity as the controlling faith, during a period in which Islam was overrunning the remains of the old Roman and Persian Empires.
		The Battle of Poitiers was fought between England, led by Edward, the Black Prince, and France, led by John II, King of France, on September 19, 1356, resulting in the second of the three great English victories of the Hundred Years War.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Poitiers (365 words)

	Battle of Poitiers: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Battle of Poitiers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Battle of Poitiers was fought on September 19, 1356 during the Hundred Years' War.
		Edward, the Black Prince was laying waste to the area north of the English holdings in Gascony, in the hope of depriving the French of the ability to continue the war in that area.
		Note: The Battle of Tours from 732 is sometimes called 'Battle of Poitiers' as well.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ba/Battle-of-Poitiers.html (348 words)

	Poitiers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Poitiers (population 85,000) is a small city located in west central France.
		The Battle of Poitiers was fought at Poitiers on September 19, 1356, during the Hundred Years' War.
		Poitiers was the capital of Poitou, the region governed by the Counts of Poitiers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poitiers (155 words)

	Battle of Agincourt - Wikipedia
		The Battle of Agincourt was fought on October 25th 1415 between the heavily outnumbered army of King Henry V of England and that of Charles VI of France.
		The battle was fought in the defile formed by the wood of Agincourt and that of Tramecourt, at the northern exit of which the army under d'Albret, constable of France, had placed itself so as to bar the way to Calais against the English forces which had been campaigning on the Somme.
		It is probable that the usual three "battles" were drawn up in line, each with its archers on the flanks and the dismounted men-at-arms in the centre; the archers being thrown forward in wedge-shaped salients, almost exactly as at Crecy.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt (874 words)

	The Ultimate Battle of Crécy - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Crécy was a battle in which a much smaller English army of approximately 12,000, commanded by Edward III of England, was heavily outnumbered by Philip VI of France's force of between 30,000 and 40,000, was victorious as a direct consequence of superior weaponry and tactics.
		The battle is seen by many historians as the beginning of the end of chivalry, because during the course of the battle many of the prisoners and wounded were dispatched contrary to chivalric codes of warfare, and the illustrious noble cavalry was no longer undefeatable by infantry.
		The prelude to the battle of Crécy is the subject of a poem by the 19th century English poet William Morris, The Eve of Crécy.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Battle_of_Crecy (954 words)

	Battle of Poitiers -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A veteran of the (The first decisive battle of the Hundred Years' War; in 1346 the English under Edward III defeated the French under Philip of Valois) battle of Crécy, at which he fought when he was only sixteen years old, the Black Prince decided on the same tactical scheme employed at that battle.
		In many ways Poitiers was a repeat of the (The first decisive battle of the Hundred Years' War; in 1346 the English under Edward III defeated the French under Philip of Valois) Battle of Crécy showing once again that the age of the mounted knight was over, a lesson the French were slow to learn.
		The (Click link for more info and facts about Battle of Tours) Battle of Tours in (Click link for more info and facts about 732) 732 is sometimes called the "Battle of Poitiers" as well.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Ba/Battle_of_Poitiers.htm (720 words)

	Battle of Poitiers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Battle of Poitiers was fought between England and France on September 19, 1356, during the Hundred Years' War.
		A veteran of the Crécy, at which he fought when he was only sixteen years old, the Black Prince decided on the same tactical scheme employed at that battle.
		The result was a decisive French defeat, not only in military terms, but also economical: France was forced to pay a ransom equivalent to twice the country's yearly income to have her king back.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /b/ba/battle_of_poitiers.html (682 words)

	The Battle of Poitiers. How the Prince Returned to Bordeaux after the Battle of Poitiers. Froissart, Jean. 1909-14. The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The same night there was come to Poitiers the lord of Roye with a hundred spears: he was not at the battle, but he met the duke of Normandy near to Chauvigny, and the duke sent him to Poitiers to keep the town till they heard other tidings.
		The prince believed that the cardinal sent them thither, but the cardinal did so much by the means of the lord of Caumont, the lord of Montferrand and the capital of Buch, who were his cousins, they shewed so good reasons to the prince, that he was content to hear him speak.
		In England also there was great joy when they heard tidings of the battle of Poitiers, of the discomfiting of the Frenchmen and taking of the king: great solemnities were made in all churches and great fires and wakes throughout all England.
	www.bartleby.com /35/1/211.html (731 words)

	[Jeanne d'Arc]>> Battle>Poitiers
		This battle was near to Poitiers in the fields of Beauvoir and Maupertuis.
		The people of Poitiers closed their gates and would suffer none to enter; wherefore in the street before the gate was horrible murder, men hurt and beaten down.
		The same day of the battle at night the Prince made a supper in his lodging to the French king and to the most part of the great lords that were prisoners.
	www.jeanne-darc.dk /p_war/0_battles/poitiers.html (1267 words)

	Battle of Poitiers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Edward the Black Prince, the son of Edward III, was confronted by an overwhelming force and he offered to surrender his spoils, his prisoners, and not to fight for 7 years if he was allowed to retreat; but the French were so confident that they would win, that they refused his surrender.
		Soon the French army was fleeing the battle field, but King John and his youngest son refused to flee and were taken captive.
		Yet another battle, in a seemingly hopeless situation, had been won due to the longbow and the skill of its users.
	www.engin.swarthmore.edu /~jsarmie1/Poitiers.html (229 words)

	Poitiers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The town and neighbouring provinces passed under English rule as the dowry of Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204) for her marriage (1152) to Henry Plantagenet (later Henry II (1133-1189) of England).
		Poitiers was joined to the French crown during the 12th century, but the English won it back at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356.
		Poitiers has good road and rail communications and is a commercial and administrative centre.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Poitiers/Poitiers.html (491 words)

	The Ultimate Battle of Aljubarrota - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Like in other defensive battles of the 14th century (examples are Crecy and Poitiers), the dispositions were the following: dismounted cavalry and infantry in the centre with archers occupying the flanks, protected by natural obstacles (creeks in this case).
		According to Juan I own words, in his report of the battle, his soldiers were by then very tired of the march that started early in the morning under a blazing August sun.
		At this stage of the battle, heavy losses were on both sides, especially on the Castilians and Portuguese left wing (known in Portuguese tradition as the Ala dos Namorados, meaning, not literally, flank of the young ones).
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Battle_of_Aljubarrota (1437 words)

	Battle of Poitiers, 19 September 1356
		Whatever his intention, battle was started by King John, who decided to assault the gap in the hedge, sending forward a small body of cavalry who were meant to break though the English archers, followed by the bulk of his forces on foot.
		Behind this first 'battle' followed three more, the second led by John's oldest son Charles, duke of Normandy, probably 4,000 strong, the third under Philip, duke of Orleans, king John's brother, with 3,000 men at arms, and finally, the largest battle, of 6,000 men, led by King John himself.
		However, the true significance of the battle was in the capture of King John, along with his young son Philip, along with many of the greatest lords of France.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/battles_poitiers.html (923 words)

	Encyclopedia: Battle of Poitiers
		The Battle of Tours (often called the Battle of Poitiers, but not to be confused with the Battle of Poitiers, 1356) was fought on October 25, 732 between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel and an Islamic army led by Emir Abd er Rahman.
		The Franks or the Frankish people were one of several west Germanic tribes who entered the late Roman Empire from Frisia as foederati and established a lasting realm (sometimes referred to as Francia) in an area that covers most of modern-day France and the region of Franconia in Germany...
		Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, KG, known as the Black Prince (June 15, 1330 â€“ June 8, 1376) was the eldest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Poitiers (857 words)

	Battle of Poitiers
		Edward was not keen on a battle, being seriously outnumbered and having all the plunder of his raid, which he wanted to get back to Bordeaux.
		The second battle group, led by the Duke d'Orlean and the king's brother, withdrew from the field instead of attacking.
		The rout encouraged the English to pursue the French to Poitiers itself, where a number who got too enthusiastic and too far in front of their own troops and were captured themselves.
	home.eckerd.edu /~oberhot/poitiers.htm (700 words)

	The Battle of Poitiers. How the Englishman Won Greatly at the Battle of Poitiers. Froissart, Jean. 1909-14. The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		this battle was discomfited, as ye have heard, the which was in the fields of Maupertuis a two leagues from Poitiers the twenty-second day of September the year of our Lord
		It begun in the morning 1 and ended at noon, but as then all the Englishmen were not returned from the chase; therefore the prince’s banner stood on a bush to draw all his men together, but it was well nigh night or all came from the chase.
		Then that night they lay in the field beside whereas the battle had been: some unarmed them, but not all, and unarmed all their prisoners, and every man made good cheer to his prisoner; for that day whosoever took any prisoner, he was clear his and might quit or ransom him at his pleasure.
	www.bartleby.com /35/1/208.html (274 words)

	ipedia.com: Poitiers Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Poitiers is a city in central France, préfecture of the Vienne département.
		Poitiers (population 85,000) is a city in central France, préfecture (capital) of the Vienne département.
		An earlier battle, the first decisive Christian victory over Moslems was also fought here on October 10, 732 — this battle is better known as Battle of Tours.
	www.ipedia.com /poitiers.html (183 words)

	Learn more about List of battles (geographic) in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For a chronological list of battles, see List of battles.
		Battle of Oudenarde - 1708 - War of the Spanish Succession
		Battle of Kluszyn - 1610, Poles defeat Russians during Times of Troubles in Russia.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_battles__geographic_.html (158 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Arabs, Franks, and the Battle of Tours, 732
		Then Abderrahman, [the Muslim emir] seeing the land filled with the multitude of his army, crossed the Pyrenees, and traversed the defiles [in the mountains] and the plains, so that he penetrated ravaging and slaying clear into the lands of the Franks.
		He gave battle to Duke Eudes (of Aquitaine) beyond the Garonne and the Dordogne, and put him to flight---so utterly [was he beaten] that God alone knew the number of the slain and wounded.
		And in the shock of the battle the men of the North seemed like North a sea that cannot be moved.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/732tours.html (928 words)

	ZenithPress.com - CAM 138 Poitiers 1356 - by David Nicolle
		The battle of Poitiers was one of the most important battles during the first part of the Hundred Years253 War between England and France.
		This book details their meeting at Poitiers, where after a hard fight the French were defeated.
		Poitiers also confirmed the Black Princes military reputation, as well as that of the English.
	www.zenithpress.com /ProductDetails_11228.ncm (220 words)

	List of the Knights of the Garter (1348-present)
		Fought at the battles of Crécy and Poitiers.
		Fought at the siege of Calais and at the Battle of Crécy.
		At the battle of Bosworth he deserted the cause of Richard III, and is said to have placed the crown on Richmond's head on the field of battle.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/orders/garterlist.htm (13903 words)

	Reader's Companion to Military History - - Poitiers, Battle of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Details of the battle and the exact number of combatants cannot be determined from the surviving accounts.
		Poitiers did not mark a radical change in Frankish military organization, which long had been based on bonds of personal loyalty between warriors and magnates.
		The significance of the Battle of Poitiers lay in its demonstration of the need for the Frankish kingdom to be united in order to defend itself against attack, and the ability of Charles Martel and his successors in the Carolingian dynasty to provide that unity.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_041200_poitiersbat1.htm (291 words)

	An Account of the Battle of Poitiers, 1356
		Truly this battle, the which was near to Poitiers in the fields of Beauvoir and Maupertuis, was right great and perilous, and many deeds of arms there was done the which all came not to knowledge.
		The chase endured to the gates of Poitiers: there were many slain and beaten down, horse and man, for they of Poitiers closed their gates and would suffer none to enter; wherefore in the street before the gate was horrible murder, men hurt and beaten down....
		Then every man gave room to the lords, and they alighted and did their reverence to the king, and so brought him and his son in peace and rest to the prince of W ales.
	www.chronique.com /Library/Knights/poitiers.htm (531 words)

	the battle of poitiers
		For your general knowledge, the battle of poitiers was fought at eight o'clock on the 19 of September 1356.
		The battle was fought between the English and the French during the hundred years war, a struggle for the French crown that lasted for about 120 years.
		The first day of the battle was the 18th of September which was a Sunday, so no fighting could take place because Sunday was a holy day.
	poitiers.freeservers.com (850 words)

	BBC - History - The battle of Poitiers and the Black Prince 1356 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The battle of Poitiers and the Black Prince 1356
		His capture of John II, King of France, during the battle gained him a huge chivalrous reputation and brought the French government to its knees, ultimately permitting, in 1361, the negotiation of a peace (by which the Black Prince ruled an independent and expanded Aquitaine).
		The Battle of Agincourt and English claims to the French Crown 1415 - 1422
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/timelines/britain/lmid_black_prince.shtml (239 words)

	William Janney and the Battle of Poitiers
		The Battle of Poitiers is described in The Dictionary of English History Cassell and Co., Limited, London, 1897 pg 824 as follows:
		In preparation for this battle, three hundred of the 'best and most skillful archers were to be raised and among them was recruited the 'hundred best and most skillful archers that can be found in the county [Cheshire].
		An ironic historic event that took place five hundred years after the Battle of Poitiers in which William Janney and Robert Legh were engaged is the following note concerning two descendants of Janney and Legh [Lee] men.
	www.cartar.com /papers/janneyporitier/jannyportiers.htm (1028 words)

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