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Topic: Battle of Pydna

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	Battle of Pydna
		The Battle of Pydna in 168 BC between Rome and the Antigonid dynasty represents the start of the true power of Rome, and the end of the Antigonid line, Macedonian kings whose power traces to Alexander the Great.
		The exact cause of the start of the battle differs across reports; one story is that Paulus waited until late enough in the day for the sun not to be in the eyes of his troops, and then sent an unbridled horse forward to bring about alarm.
		Although the battle is often considered to be a victory of the Roman legion's flexibility over the phalanx's inflexibility, the loss is clearly due to a failure of command on the part of Perseus.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Battle_of_Pydna.html (1046 words)

	Military History Online
		Pydna is a seaside village, which must have been the main harbour for the region 2000 years ago.
		In a similar battle at Kinos Kefales when the battle tactics of the Macedonian phalanx was of much the same nature, the Romans were left with 700 dead.
		The battle of Pydna was highly significant because it meant the defeat of Macedonia, the most important Greek State left unconquered by Rome.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /macedonianwars/articles/pydna.aspx (2366 words)

	Pydna
		Pydna was part of the Kingdom of Macedonia under Alexander I of Macedon (Thucydides I 131 1), found it its independence.
		Pydna was besieged by the Athenians in 432 BC.
		The Battle of Pydna occurred on June 22, 168 BC and the Roman General Aemilius Paullus Macedonius defeated Perseus with a Roman victory.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greece/Cities/Pydna.html (403 words)

	ANCIENT PYDNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		ncient Pydna, the city that thanks to her port and strategic location played a significant role in the history of Macedonia, is located 2 Km, south from the modern village of Makrygialos.The fisrt habitation in the area is dated to the late Bronze Age.
		Pydna flourished in the 5th century B.C and the written sources clearly declare that she was a Macedonian city.
		Pydna prospered in the second half of the 4th century B.C and the Hellenistic period as it results from the significant events of Hellenistic Macedonia that were carried out at here.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/211/21116/e211pa13.html (419 words)

	Pydna
		Pydna was an Greek port on the Aegaean Sea, north of the sacred mountain Olympus, in a district that was called Pieria.
		Pydna was again the scene of an important event in the year 168, when the Roman commander Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeated the Macedonian king Perseus (below), which meant the end of the independence of the old kingdom.
		The following account of the battle of Pydna, which took place on 22 June 168, was written by the Roman historian Livy, who uses as his source Polybius of Megalopolis, a contemporary of the events who wrote a (partly lost)
	www.livius.org /ps-pz/pydna/pydna.html (1493 words)

	pydna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pydna is linked with GR-1/E75 through its interchange to its west and in Kitros.
		Pydna was already subject to Macedon under Alexander I (Thucydides I.131.1), but later regained its independence.
		Pydna was brought back under Macedonian rule in 410 BC by Archelaus, who reestablished the city twenty stadia further inland (Diodorus of Sicily 13.14).
	www.zincalloys.com /wiki/?title=Pydna (354 words)

	Dacapo Books
		The Rise of Macedonia; The Battle of Gagugamela or Arbela, 331 B.C. The Battles of the Metaurus, 207 B.C., and Zama, 202 B.C.; The Rise of Roman Imperialism
		The Battle of the Teutoburger Wald, A.D. The Pax Romana
		The Battle of Hastings, 1066; The Decline of the Caliphate and the Revival of the Byzantine Empire
	www.perseusbooksgroup.com /dacapo/book_toc.jsp?isbn=0306803046 (282 words)

	Education World® - History : Classical / Ancient : Roman Empire : Wars : General Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)*
		Battle of Pydna, 168 BC Third Macedonian War Rob Stewart presents a summary of the Third Macedonian War which pitted the Romans against king Perseus of Macedon and his forces.
		Battle of Sentinum, 295 BC Great Battles Scenario Archive presents an overview of the battle of Sentium in Umbria between the Romans and the Grand Alliance in 295 BC.
		Gallic Sack to the Revolt of the Latin League Lecture examines the sack of Rome by Celtic Gauls in 390 BC and the later revolt of the Latin League.
	db.education-world.com /perl/browse?cat_id=10331 (643 words)

	Roman to Julian Conversion: Analysis AUC 586 = 168 BC
		A.U.C. 586 = 21 June 168, on the eve of the battle of Pydna.
		That the battle is Pydna is certain because the inscription also mentions Attalus, brother of king Eumenes II of Asia, who according to Livy was present at the battle as a legate to the Romans.
		Livy 44.36.1 indicates that the battle was fought after the summer solstice, which at this time was 26 June (Julian).
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/168bc.htm (1121 words)

	Battle of Pydna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the 148 BC battle, see Battle of Pydna (148 BC).
		The political consequences of the lost battle were severe.
		The Third Macedonian War, The Battle of Pydna
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Pydna (1346 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2006.02.14
		For instance, Lendon deftly sketches the battle of Plataea (479 B.C.) and illustrates the Greek virtue of holding one's position in the phalanx by the case of Amompharetus, the "stubborn Spartan" whose refusal to budge threatened the entire Greek army yet won him glory.
		There are no descriptions of naval battles in Homer either, which might have given the admirals of Greece's new trireme fleets in 480 freedom to pick and choose from epic: they adopted Homeric guile without ritualized combat, thereby paving the way for the sophisticated tactics of Artemisium and the cunning of Salamis.
		For example, he quotes Aemilius Paullus, the Roman victor of the battle of Pydna (167 B.C.), saying that a good general does not fight a pitched battle unless it is absolutely necessary or an absolutely sure path to victory.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2006/2006-02-14.html (1740 words)

	Re: Dss related questions (copper scroll)
		The Battle of Pydna took place in Greece, not Egypt, and Antiochus IV was not a participant.
		For your education, the coastal city Pydna lie on the Greek peninsula in the district of Piera, north of Mount Olympus.
		Yes, the Roman total victory at Pydna was decisive in persuading Antiochus IV to abandon Egypt, as every authority from Polybius onwards states.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1996b/msg00618.html (752 words)

	Battle of Zama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Battle of Zama by Cornelis Cort, 1567
		The Battle of Zama, fought around October 19 of 202 BC, was the final and decisive battle of the Second Punic War.
		Zama marked a reversal from typical battles of the Second Punic War in that the Romans had less infantry, while the Carthaginians — by the defection of the Numidians — were outnumbered 6,000 to 3,000 in cavalry.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Battle_of_Zama (1282 words)

	BATTLE OF CANNAE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Battle Studies: Ancient and Modern Battle, translated from the eighth edition in the French by John N. Greely (Col) and Robert C. Cotton (Maj).
		Battle of Cannae (August 1-5, 216 B.C.), pp 165-190.
		Battle of Cannae, pp 1-4 (more useful for it's illustration of Cannae's impact on the World War I Schlieffen Plan than for Battle of Cannae information).
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/cannae/cannae2.htm (411 words)

	Battle of Pydna (148 BC) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Pydna was fought in 148 BC between Rome and the forces of the Macedonian leader Andriscus.
		The Roman force was led by Quintus Caecilius Metellus, and was the winner of this engagement.
		The result of the battle played in important role in deciding the outcome of the Fourth Macedonian War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Pydna_(148_BC) (118 words)

	Philippi
		This remained unchanged when the Romans dismantled the Macedonian kingdom after the battle of Pydna (168 BCE) and converted it into a province, about twenty years later.
		In October 42 BCE, two Roman armies approached each other: Brutus and Cassius, the assassins of Julius Caesar and defenders of the Roman republic, arrived from the east, and a bit later, the triumvirs Marc Antony and Octavian arrived from the west, wishing to avenge the murder of Caesar.
		Veterans of the double battle of Philippi were settled at Philippi, which received the title of colonia.
	www.livius.org /phi-php/philippi/philippi.html (711 words)

	Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During a battle in early 279 BCE, Keraunos was thrown by the elephant he was riding and killed; his head decorated a Gallic spear.
		At the battle of Banyais he decisively defeated the Egyptians under Ptolemy V, who was forced to cede all of their western territory -- except the Sinai desert -- to the Seleucids.
		The Roman Legions, led by Consul Aemilius, destroyed the Macedonian army at the Battle of Pydna.
	www.mec.edu /saugus/shs/new/ex/kbrome/timeline.html (3611 words)

	ANISTORITON: An Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Macedonian battle formation was usually 16 men deep; the first five ranks had their sarissae levelled while the rest held them elevated so as to keep off the incoming missiles.
		Concerning the battle of Pydna not much is known from our ancient sources but possibly things happened as follows.
		In June 168 BC the two armies were met at Pydna in southern Macedonia and the fighting began accidentally over a stream.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/e991.htm (2200 words)

	Battle of Pydna (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The exact cause of the start of the Battle differs across reports; one story is that Paullus waited until late enough in the day for the sun not to be in the eyes of his troops, and then sent an unbridled horse forward to bring about alarm.
		Battle order at Pydna, June 22nd, 3 pm In terms of numbers the two armies appear quite evenly matched.
		Pydna Category:168 BC de:Schlacht von Pydna fr:Bataille de Pydna
	battle-of-pydna.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1085 words)

	Related WordNet synsets for SUMO concept Battle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		a decisive battle during the Napoleonic campaigns (1805); the French under Napoleon defeated the Russian and Austrian armies of Czar Alexander I and Emperor Francis II
		a battle in 1513; the English defeated the invading Scots and James IV of Scotland was killed
		a battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between General Custer's cavalry and several groups of Native Americans (1876); Custer was pursuing Sioux led by Sitting Bull; Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux forces (which were supported by Cheyenne warriors) and was killed along with all his command
	virtual.cvut.cz /kifb-test/wordnet/_battle.html (2818 words)

	earlyempirespeoples
		A land battle in the 1st Punic War in which a Carthaginian army under the command
		Actually it were three battles, fought within a period of two weeks.
		Alexandria fell in 30; Egypt was annexed by Rome.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/sat/wb/ant/romerep/romanrepbattles.html (493 words)

	Roman Battles
		Many battles are written as parts of my Life of Gaius Julius Caesar.
		September 7-9?, 9 AD For this battle, I'm still unclear about the exact dates, so I based the dates on the modern German celebration of it.
		However it is not implausible since it would take about 7 days or so to get 3 legions to here from the summer camp going towards the Rhine, with camp followers of course.
	www.geocities.com /caesarkevin/battles/Romanbattles.html (291 words)

	The Battle of Pydna 168 BC (DBA Battle Scenario)
		The battle was fought late in the day and initially the phalanx drove off the legions.
		The Romans fought tenaciously until they were driven to the slopes of Olympus where the broken ground allowed the maniples to exploit the openings in the phalanx and slaughter the pikemen.
		The battle even today is used for heated arguments about the battle systems used by the opponents but most arguments usually omit the presence of the elephants that must have given the Romans advantage against cavalry in one of the flanks.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/Pydna/index.html (597 words)

	Squadron.com
		During the reigns of Philip II and Alexander the Great, the Macedonian Army — the phalangites — were reformed and drilled into an invincible fighting force with unique tactics and weaponry.
		The Macedonian warrior during his service would march over 20,000 miles in the most diverse climates and terrains, fighting in four of the epoch battles of the time.
		This book examines their initial training, rise to an elite unit under Alexander the Great, and eventual defeat at the battle of Pydna, 168 BC.
	www.squadron.com /ItemDetails.asp?item=os4103 (110 words)

	Epoch Report
		The Battle of Pydna was part of the 3
		Since he was having an affair, he divorced his wife (who was the sister of Octavian), and that’s what brought himself and the Roman ruler to war.
		This was the battle that was the mark of the start of the
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~gdc/sp05/epoch/300-0.htm (759 words)

	Battle of Pydna 22 June 168 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Battle of Pydna 22 June 168 BC Battle of Pydna 22 June 168 BC This battle in the Third Macedonian War 172-167BC saw the destruction of the Macedonian Army and Rome establish a virtual protectorate over Greece.
		The Roman Legionaries counter attacked opening gaps in the phalanx and killing at least 20,000 phalangites and capturing another 10,000.
		The battle like the battle of Cynoscephalae showed that the legion's tactical flexibility was lethal against the slow moving and unwieldy phalanx.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_pydna.html (147 words)

	Antigonid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Antigonus's son Demetrius I Poliorcetes survived the battle, and managed to seize control of Macedon itself a few years later, but eventually lost his throne, dying in prison.
		After a period of confusion, Demetrius's son Antigonus II Gonatas was able to establish the family's control over the old Kingdom of Macedon, as well as over most of the Greek city-states, by 276 BC.
		The dynasty ended with the Roman domination of the area after the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Antigonid_Dynasty (237 words)

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