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Topic: Battle of Ramla

	Battle of Ramla - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Battle of Ramla can refer to a number of battles in the early years of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.
		Ramla (Hebrew: רמלה, Ramlāh; Arabic: الرملة‎, ar-Ramlah, colloquial Ramleh), Ramleh was an important town on the road from Jerusalem to Ascalon, the latter of which was the largest Fatimid fortress in Palestine.
		The third battle took place on August 27, 1105 and is considered the most brutally fought of the three.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Ramla (493 words)

	Latrun
		In the Bible, Ayalon valley was the site of a battle in which Joshua defeated the Amorites; during the Crusades, Latrun was also the scene of many attacks.
		The official combined number of casualties for both the battles was 139 (an extremely high figure for an assault conducted mainly by two battalions).
		The battle, however, is often brought up as a failure of much greater proportions than it was; for instance, in 1985 Member of Knesset Uzi Landau has claimed that 2000 soldiers died in the fighting (which would make up a third of all Israeli casualties of the 1948 war!).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/la/Latrun.html (556 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Battle of Ramla
		Ramla was an important town on the road from Jerusalem to Ascalon, the latter of which was the largest Fatimid fortress in Palestine.
		The first battle of Ramla was September 7, 1101.
		The third battle took place in 1105; it was very similar to the 1101 battle in that the crusaders were arranged into the same divisions and were again outflanked.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla (341 words)

	Ramla - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Ramla may be the biblical Ramathaim-zophim, but more probably it was founded (c.716) by the Arabs.
		Palestine's forgotten capital: Andrew Petersen uncovers the city that was once an Islamic capital, and suggests reasons for its decline in the eleventh century.(Frontline)(Ramla was once the capital of Palestine)
		The "Intifada" battle of stones, between Arab youths who made barricades against the Israeli soldiers.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ramla.html (212 words)

	CTW Development: Knightly Armies VS Other Armies, a battle list 950-1500 - Total War Center Forums
		The Battle of Basian was fought between the Georgians and the Seljuk Turks of Rüm at the place of Basian, 60 kilometers northeast of the city of Erzurum (in modern Turkey) in 1203.
		In the battle of Graus, Castile and the moorish Kingdom of Zaragoza defeat Aragon.
		The battle of Nicopolis is exemplary because, as often, the impetuous charge of the knights while being very powerfull (they indeed entered into the janissary in front of them like in hot butter) meant they had lost the battle (the rest of the turkish troops isolating them from the rest of the army).
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?t=37578 (7684 words)

	MidEast Web - History 1948 Intelligence Report
		In the battle of the Ataroth road the concentrations activated were from Beit Hanina, Beit Zurik and Ramallah, and in the Bethlehem road the concentrations [were from] Beit-Jalah, Bethlehem, Beit-Sahur, and the southern neighborhoods of Jerusalem.
		On the other hand, a battle in the city requires huge forces and the outcome is not certain at all, as opposed to storming en masse of an isolated settlement.
		The battle has reached such a stage, that there is no longer any decisive value to prestige or policy considerations, but rather to military success and prevention of military disasters, since we are getting close to a large-scale military engagement.
	www.mideastweb.org /jeruint.htm (2123 words)

	Caananite City-States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Ramla was briefly ruled by the bishop of Ramla and Lydda, until 1101.
		It is unknown when Ramla became a separate seigneury, although there was an important Baldwin of Ramla who owned large amounts of land there in the early years of the kingdom.
		In 1126 Ramla became part of Jaffa, and a separate lordship was created after Hugh II's revolt in 1134, with Baldwin II as lord (although Baldwin I was not a lord in his own right).
	www.hostkingdom.net /Caananites.html (2971 words)

	How holy is PALESTINE to the Muslims ? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Another town of Islamic and Arab significance is the town of Gaza, or Ghazza in Arabic, in the south of the maritime plain between Mount Carmel and the frontier with Egypt.
		Ramla, a town between Jaffa and Jerusalem, was founded in the year 716 by the Umayyid Caliph Suleiman, son of Abdul-Malik, builder of the Dome of the Rock.
		This is exemplified in the names of Basra, Barqa, Hadba, Hijr, etc. In Ramla, Suleiman built a palace for himself, part of which is still standing, but the most remarkable monument of the town is the Tower of Ramla, which is still standing.
	www.isesco.org.ma /pub/Eng/Holypalestine/CH6.htm (1740 words)

	Lessons of the Battles of Latrun
		The battle of Latrun, the historiography of the battle, and the reactions of the participants are a good proving ground for understanding how the history of Israel is written and rewritten, how myths are made in Israel and elsewhere, who makes the myths and why.
		The actual battles were fought at Latrun, along the road and at positions in the surrounding hills, notably hill 314.
		The failures associated with the battles of Latrun were reminiscent of Union army foul-ups early in the US civil war, rather than of coordinated attacks planned by a modern army.
	www.mideastweb.org /latrun.htm (5324 words)

	Al-Afdal Shahanshah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When it became apparent that the crusaders would not rest until they had control of the city, al-Afdal marched out from Cairo, but was too late to rescue Jerusalem, which fell on July 15, 1099.
		Al-Afdal marched out every year to attack the newfound Kingdom of Jerusalem, and in 1105 attempted to ally with Damascus against them, but was defeated at the Battle of Ramla.
		Al-Afdal and his army enjoyed success only so long as no European fleet interfered, but they gradually lost control of their coastal strongholds; in 1109 Tripoli was lost, despite the fleet and supplies sent by al-Afdal, and the city became the centre of an important crusader county.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Al-Afdal_Shahanshah (602 words)

	Knights Templars - All Empires
		The purpose of the Turcopolier was to command the brother sergeants in battle.
		Note: Templars usually acted in battle as the vanguard or rearguard, defending the retreat of the secular knights; being so few and being capable in chasing or holding back the Saracen Horsemen who used bows on high speeds and on horseback.
		However, Armand de Périgord, the Master of the Temple, the Marshal of the Temple, the archbishop of Tyre, the bishop of Lydda and Ramla (St. George), and John and William, sons of Bohemond, Lord of Botron, were all killed.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=knights_templars (2179 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Makrisi: Arabic Acc't of St. Louis' Crusade
		The heads of the enemies that had been slain in battle were sent to Cairo, and exposed on the gates of the town.
		Ramla is a town some leagues from Jaffa or Joppa, on the road to Jerusalem.
		Makrisi, in his description of Egypt, says, that in the year of the Hegira 647 (AD 1249), the emperor sent an ambassador to the sultan NedjmEddin, who was then ill at Damascus: that this ambassador was disguised as a merchant, and informed the sultan of the preparations of the king of France against Egypt.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/makrisi.html (8443 words)

	Everything Verdi
		In Ramla, Gaston is hostage of the Emir; an official drags in Hélène, who has been captured.
		In the square of Ramla, the crusaders gather with the count and the Apostolic Legate: Gaston is condemned to be executed the next day; the young man, in desperation, wants to die right away.
		The count arrives, victorious, in the company of a mysterious warrior, with his visor down, who has covered himself in glory: it is none other than Gaston, who reveals his identity and asks for justice.
	homepages.wmich.edu /~c0hodson/jerusalem.html (563 words)

	OPERA America — The National Service Organization for Opera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Act Two: Four years later, in the mountains of Ramla, Palestine, the penitent Roger (in disguise) is outside his cave.
		Hélène is soon captured and brought to Gaston, who is a prisoner of the Emir in Ramla.
		In the battle for Jerusalem, a knight distinguishes himself in battle, helping the Count as well.
	www.operaamerica.org /audiences/learningcenter/special/jerusalem.shtml (864 words)

	JAFD > Archive > Lost in the Darkness 1
		Ramla could not accept that her Master had no chance of survival and believed that Qui-Gon could have gotten her out of there.
		Ramla's anger consumed her and a few weeks after the events on Eshkol Ramla left the order but not before promising that she would avenge her Master and make all those involved in her death pay dearly.
		The message that Qui-Gon had received was word that Nata delegates that had been at the peace talks and were suspected to being behind the attack, were on a ship that had been had been destroyed.
	nsio.net /jafd/archive/zezili/lost1.html (1242 words)

	Israel and the Arab Coalition in 1948
		Qawuqji's anti-Husayni political orientation provided an opportunity for a dialogue across the battle lines that were rapidly taking shape in Palestine as the British mandate was approaching its inglorious end.
		Yehoshua ("Josh") Palmon was one of the Haganah's ablest intelligence officers and a fluent Arabic speaker.
		Next was the battle for the Qastal, a strategic point overlooking the road to Jerusalem, which changed hands several times amid fierce fighting.
	www.fathom.com /course/72810001/session2.html (1534 words)

	Saladin (Salah al-Din Yusuf Ibn Ayyub)
		His relationship with King Richard I of England, who managed to repel him in battle in 1191, was one of mutual respect as well as military rivalry.
		At the Battle of Hattin (where he captured Jerusalem) in 1187, he dealt the Crusader kingdoms a blow from which they never recovered.
		In his battles against these European crusaders, he often had the aid of eastern Christians, who were as much the victims of the western armies as anybody else in the eastern lands.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/saladin.htm (2044 words)

	LIBERTY: Off-Season Player Update
		This is her second year in the league, having played last season for the Israeli Champion Ramla.
		Iciss Tillis, Ashley Battle, and Liene Jansone are all currently playing in Spain.
		In 19 games for Universitario de Ferrol, Battle is averaging 11.5 points and 5.7 rebounds in 29.1 minutes of action.
	www.wnba.com /liberty/news/OffseasonUpdate.html (464 words)

	Shofar review of Jerusalem Besieged (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		For instance, his description of the original topography of Jerusalem and the reasons it was originally settled- natural protection on the three sides- is comprehensive, and his descriptions of the complexities of Herodian Jerusalem, another very difficult archaeological topic, are logical and clearly stated.
		For the several hundred years of the Roman period, which is filled with battles for Jerusalem as well as for the rest of the Holy Land, Cline peppers his narrative with long quotes from Josephus and other classical primary sources.
		Later, he does not have an opportunity to mention the major riots of Hebron in 1920 and 1929, which were politically interwoven with similar rioting in Jerusalem.
	home.gwu.edu /~ehcline/Shofar_review_of_Jerusalem_Besieged.html (842 words)

	Great Battles of the Dark Ages and Medieval Periods \| Miniature Wargaming Wiki
		* 698 Battle of Carthage - Moslem Conquest of North Africa
		* 1101 Battle of Ramla Crusaders defeat the Egyptians
		* 1257 Battle of Cadfan - The Welsh rout the English at Cadfan
	www.miniaturewargaming.com /index.php/wiki/Great_Battles_of_the_Dark_Ages_and_Medieval_Periods (346 words)

	The Rebellion of Taghri Birmish
		The battle took place on the eve of Friday, Sha'ban 28 [February 13]; and Bardbak entered Hama at the end of Saturday, the last day of Sha'ban [February 14].
		So all the people and inhabitants of Aleppo suddenly rose up with their bows and other weapons and went all together and surrounded the Viceregal Palace, in which was Viceroy Taghri Birmish.
		It has been noted before that Taghri Birmish was a coward, unsteady in battle and weak of heart when meeting the enemy; his planning was good and his diplomacy excellent only relatively, that is, when compared with the ignorance of others like himself.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/taghri4.htm (2425 words)

	1948-Israel War of Independence
		The attack was repulsed and during this period, the IDF achieved minor gains in the Negev region.
		The major activity included the capture of the Arab cities of Ramla and Lod in the heart of the new nation.
		While earlier in the war IsraelÕs policy towards the local Arabs was a mixed one, in these two cities the Arab residents were encouraged to board trucks and were transported to Legion lines.
	www.multied.com /Israel/1948WarofIndependance.html (956 words)

	Downfall of Ibn Ammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The two armies clashed between Ramla and Askalan, and after three days of minor encounters, they fought the final battle.
		The battle resulted in victory for the Maghriba, but impugned a dangerous problem to the state, a fast growing opposition between the Maghriba and Mashriqa in Egypt.
		Barjawan followed him and in a battle which lasted half a day, Ibn Ammar was defeated, and fled.
	ismaili.net /histoire/history05/history545.html (482 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Among those who remained alive at this stage of the battle was Wahab bin Abdullah Al-Kalbi who was with his mother and wife.
		One version is that he led what was spared of his followers at that stage of the battle in 'fright prayer'; Zuhair bin Al-Qain and Sa'eed bin Abdullah Al-Hanafi together with half of the followers were in front of him.
		Abu Bakr Abdullah al-Akbar (Senior) son of Imam Ali son of Ramla, who was a slave-girl, fought bravely until he was killed.
	www.shiacode.com /imamhusseinbattle.html (10621 words)

	Welcome To Qula
		Qula was the birthplace of the famous Palestinian leader Hasan Salameh, who commanded the defences of al-Lydd and al-Ramla cities during the 1948 war.
		This Palestinian hero was shot and killed during the battle of Ras al-'Ayn, northwest of Jaffa, in early June 1948.
		According to the Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, the village remaining structures on the village land are:
	www.nakbaonline.org /al-Ramla/Qula (304 words)

	Decline of the Qarmatians
		The Qarmatians also sacked Ramla and took vast riches and returnced to Bahrain.
		The defeat of the Fatimid force on that occasion would have been inevitable had al-Muizz not won over to his side one of the allies of the Qarmatians, named Hasan bin Jarrah, who abandoned in the thick of the fight.
		Hasan al-A'sam was defeated and retreated, and died at Ramla in 366/977.
	www.ismaili.net /histoire/history05/history511.html (781 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Indeed, it was impossible to predict the themes of this show at the beginning of the year.
		In these last days of 2006 no one will be surprised by the most common sights: blood, fire and soldiers in battle.
		The judges include Amer Darbas, and artist and director of the Ramla City Gallery, Mickey Kartzma, an photojournalist and head of the photography department at Bezalel and Prof.
	www.ynetnews.com /articles/0,7340,L-3343908,00.html (885 words)

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