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Topic: Battle of Sarikamis

	Top Literature - Battle of Sarikamis
		The Battle of Sarıkamış was a decisive Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire in the Caucasus region during World War I.
		The battle finally ended on January 4 and the Ottoman Army retreated in complete disorganization back through the mountains in the middle of winter.
		On the other side, the victor of the battle, General Yudenich, was appointed commander of the Russian Caucasus Army and he launched an offensive of his own in the summer of 1915 towards Erzincan and Lake Van.
	encyclopedia.topliterature.com /?title=Battle_of_Sarikamis (694 words)

	Australian Information from Wikipedia
		The Battle of Jutland was fought on May 31â“June 1, 1916, in the North Sea off Jutland, the mainland of Denmark.
		The Battle of Amiens developed with III Corps Fourth British Army on the left, the First French Army on the right, and the Australian Corps and Canadians spearheading the offensive in the centre.
		The first tanks were used during the Battle of the Somme on September 15, 1916; mechanical reliability issues hampered their mobility, but the experiment proved its worth as protection against enemy weapons, particularly the machine gun.
	www.thinkingaustralia.com /thinking_australia/wikipedia/default.php?title=World_War_I (9023 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Caucasus Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Due to the defeats at the Battle of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes, the Russians redeployed almost half their forces to the Prussian front, leaving behind just 60,000 troops to face the Ottoman army.
		The Battle of Sarikamis (December 29, 1914 to January 4, 1915) was a stunning defeat for the Turks, and their army retreated all the way back to their starting position with between 60,000 and 175,000 troops.
		Although the Armenians managed to inflict one defeat on the Ottomans at the Battle of Sardarapat, the Ottoman army won a later battle and scattered the Armenian army.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Caucasus_Campaign (1937 words)

	Battle of Jutland information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The battle is often regarded as demonstrating that the Royal Navy was technologically and operationally inferior to the German Navy.
		Jellicoe himself, in a letter to the Admiralty before the battle, had stated that in the event of a fleet engagement in which the enemy turned away he would assume that the intention was to draw him over mines or submarines and would decline to be so drawn.
		Despite his poor control of his battlecruisers, his neglect of the 5th Battle Squadron and inadequate battle preparedness, Beatty was fully prepared to lambast Admiral Jellicoe for not being aggressive enough; even though during the course of the battle Beatty, and Admiral Arbuthnot, had shown the folly of charging in for the attack.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Battle_of_Jutland (5289 words)

	Suchmaschine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Battle of Jutland (German: Skagerrakschlacht (Battle of the Skagerrak); Danish: Søslaget ved Jylland / Søslaget om Skagerrak) was the largest naval battle of World War I, and the only full-scale clash of battleships in that war.
		On the 90th anniversary of the battle, in 2006, the Ministry of Defence announced that the 14 British vessels lost in the battle were being designated as protected places under the Protection of Military Remains Act.
		A study of the spring 1916 battle between British and German naval forces off Denmark; argues that while the battle may have been a draw or a tactical victory for Germany, its greater significance lies in bad tactical decisions by the Germans that ultimately contributed to Allied victory.
	www.dmoz.ch /lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Battle_of_Jutland (6078 words)

	Spring Offensive Information
		Behind was the "battle zone", where the offensive was to be resisted and behind that again was a "rear zone", where reserves were held ready to counter-attack or seal off penetrations.
		The newly-won territory was difficult to traverse, as much of it consisted of the shell-torn wilderness left by the Battle of the Somme, and difficult to defend against Allied counterattacks.
		Allied offensives in July (Second Battle of the Marne) and August (Hundred Days Offensive) 1918 made rapid gains and pushed the Germans back to their original defence lines and beyond.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Spring_Offensive (1490 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Battle of Sarikamis (1920)
		The Battle of Sarıkamış was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA) and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement which was on September 29, 1920 at Sarıkamış.
		This article about a historical battle is a stub.
		US Bazaar.com is not responsible for the content and shall not be liable for any errors in the content, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Battle_of_Sarikamis_(1920) (132 words)

	Battle of Sarikamis at AllExperts
		The Battle of Sarikamis, sometimes spelled Sarikamish or SarÄ±kamÄ±Å, known in Turkish as SarÄ±kamÄ±Å FaciasÄ± ("Sarikamis Tragedy"), was a decisive Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire in the Caucasus region during World War I.
		This is considered part of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I.
		Enver ordered his forces to attack along many routes with the goal of arriving suddenly at Sarikamis at the same time.
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/ba/battle_of_sarikamis.htm (749 words)

	Sinai and Palestine Campaign - Article about Sinai and Palestine Campaign
		The Sinai and Palestine Campaign during the Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I was a series of battles which took place on the Sinai Peninsula, Palestine, and Syria between January 28, 1915 to October 28, 1918 was fought between the British, Australian, and New Zealander forces against the German and Turkish forces.
		The first battle was the capture of Magdhaba on December 23 1916.
		The campaign has been called the Battle of Megiddo (which is the correct spelling of the name of an ancient town known in the west as Armageddon).
	yawiki.org /proc/Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign (1903 words)

	Battle of Tsingtao Information
		The Battle of Tsingtao was the attack on the German-controlled port of Tsingtao (now Qingdao) in China during World War I by Imperial Japan and United Kingdom.
		It took place between October 31-7 November 1914 and was fought by Imperial Japan and the United Kingdom against Germany.
		There, the squadron destroyed a mostly obsolete Royal Navy squadron at the Battle of Coronel before itself being destroyed at the Battle of the Falkland Islands.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Battle_of_Tsingtao (990 words)

	World War I - Databank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		After the First Battle of the Marne, both Entente and German forces began a series of outflanking maneuvres to try to force the other to retreat, in the so-called Race to the Sea.
		This breach was closed by allied soldiers at the Second Battle of Ypres (where over 5,000 mainly Canadian soldiers were gassed to death) and Third Battle of Ypres, where Canadian forces took the village of Passchendale with the help of allied powers.
		The decisive victory of Germany at the Battle of Caporetto led to the Allied decision at the Rapallo Conference to form the Supreme Allied Council at Versailles to coordinate plans and action.
	www.notd-aftermath.com /databank/index.php?title=World_War_I (9140 words)

	Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich at AllExperts
		He was appointed Chief of Staff of the Kazan 1912 and Caucasus (1913) military districts.
		In the beginning of the World War I Yudenich was appointed Chief of Staff of the Caucasus army and in that position he won the battle of Sarikamis against Enver Pasha.
		In the summer of that year, his forces fought off a Turkish counter attack culminating in the Battle of Erzincan (despite the presence of Turkish General Mustapha Kemal).
	en.allexperts.com /e/n/ni/nikolai_nikolaevich_yudenich.htm (702 words)

	IslamiCity Forum: Battle of Sarikamis
		The Battle of Sarikamis, sometimes spelled Sarikamish or Sarýkamýþ, was a decisive Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire in the Caucasus region during World War I.
		The number of Turkish losses is unknown, estimate range from 175,000 dead out of an army of 190,000 to 60,000 dead out of an army of 90,000.
		May Allah bless their souls,so many of them frozen while standing...today is the annual ceremony of the battle.....
	www.islamicity.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=3329&PN=1 (743 words)

	Acidophilus Related Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Liman tried to dissuade Enver from implementing the plan, but his advice was ignored and Enver Pasha personally lead the Ottoman army into its worst defeat of World War I at the Battle of Sarikamis.
		However, this battle was a major victory for the Ottoman army and some of the credit is given to the generalship of Liman von Sanders.
		Early in 1915, the previous head of the German military mission to the Ottoman Empire, Baron von der Goltz arrived in Istanbul as military advisor to the (essentially powerless) Sultan, Mehmed V.
	www.acidophiluseffects.com /notes/?title=Otto_Liman_von_Sanders (1219 words)

	WWI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Neither side proved able to deliver a decisive blow for the next two years, though protracted German action at Verdun throughout 1916, and the Entente’s failure at the Somme, in the summer of 1916, brought the exhausted French army to the brink of collapse.
		Further to the west in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, initial British failures were overcome when Jerusalem was captured in December 1917, and the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, under Field Marshal Edmund Allenby, broke the Ottoman forces at the Battle of Megiddo in September 1918.
		Insisting on a frontal attack against Russian positions in the mountains in the heart of winter, Enver lost 86% of his force at the Battle of Sarikamis.
	en.explicatus.org /wiki/WWI (9366 words)

	Dardanels
		January of 1915, high up in the Caucasus Mountains, the Russian army was bitterly engaged with the Turks in the Battle of Sarikamis.
		During this brutal battle men were dying faster from freezing than the enemy could kill them with their weapons.
		The battle was joined early in March; the allied battleships pounded the forts, mine sweepers cleaned the narrows as best they could, the forts returned accurate fire (most guns were manned by German crews) while mobile artillery along the shores peppered the allies with harassing fire.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/oxford/285/dardanelles.htm (770 words)

	Third Reich History: January 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Washington defeats the British at The Battle of Princeton, New Jersey.
		They may be deemed models for the conduct of a general supporting a defensive war against a superior enemy." This would not be the last time that German/Prussian militarists would learn important lessons from the conduct of American arms.
		The Turks plan a wide envelopment of the Russians at the Battle of Sarikamis In the Caucasus between Russia and Turkey.
	members.tripod.com /dailytrh/0103.html (664 words)

	WWI FIRST WORLD WAR ONE THE GREAT WAR
		After the First Battle of the Marne, both Entente and German forces began a series of outflanking manoeuvres to try to force the other to retreat, in the so-called Race to the Sea.
		In the British-led Battle of Arras during the 1917 campaign, the only military success was the capture of Vimy Ridge by the Canadian Corps under Sir Arthur Currie.
		The decisive victory of Germany at the Battle of Caporetto led to the Allied decision at the Rapallo Conference to form the Supreme Allied Council at Versailles to co-ordinate plans and action.
	www.bushywood.com /world_war_one.htm (9544 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The 1st naval Battle of the American Revolution off the coast of Rhode Island.
		The Revolutionary War officially begins with the Battles of Lexington and Concord.
		William McKinley is sworn in as the 25th President of the United States.
	www.fullerdata.com /FullerHouse/History.aspx?Country=US (2681 words)

	World War I - WarWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Somewhat more than half of the army went to fight the Russians on their border, and the remainder was allocated to invade and conquer Serbia.
		Poisonous gas never won a battle; however, its effects were brutally horrific, causing slow and painfully greusome deaths which made life even more miserable in the trenches.
		Beginning in 1915, the Italians mounted 11 major offensives along the Isonzo River north of Trieste, known collectively as the Battle of the Isonzo.
	war.wikia.com /wiki/World_War_I (8228 words)

	World war 1 - Databank
		It also allowed French and British forces to finally halt the German advance on Paris at the First Battle of the Marne (September 1914) and the Entente forced the Central Powers to fight a war on two fronts.
		Tanks were introduced in World War I by the British and created mechanized warfare that dominated the rest of the 20th century.
		The first use of tanks was during the Battle of the Somme on September 15 1916.
	www.notd-aftermath.com /databank/index.php?title=World_war_1 (9198 words)

	Russian Great War History - 1915
		Turkish forces under Ahmet Pasha were defeated by the Russians at the Battle of Sarikamis.
		Large battle is fought south of the Dolina-Stanislau line.
		Cavalry battle between Russians and Germans in northern Poland.
	www.russianwarrior.com /1914_History_1915.htm (4087 words)

	Timebase Multimedia Chronography(TM) - Timebase 1915
		1915 January 3 The Turks plan a wide envelopment of the Russians at the Battle of Sarikamis In the Caucasus between Russia and Turkey.
		Poison gas shells are used for the first time, but are not highly effective in the freezing temperatures, and the Russians do not report the gas attack.
		The year ends with no appreciable shift in the battle lines scarring the landscape from the North Sea to the Swiss Alps.
	www.humanitas-international.org /showcase/chronography/timebase/1915tbse.htm (2761 words)

	CNN - Almanac - January 2, 1997
		In 1905, in the Russo-Japanese War, the Russians surrendered to the Japanese after the battle of Port Arthur.
		In 1915, in World War I, the Turks under Ahmet Pasha were heavily defeated by the Russians at the battle of Sarikamis.
		In 1994, more than 70 people were killed and at least 670 injured after two days of blistering factional battles in the Afghan capital of Kabul.
	edition.cnn.com /almanac/9701/02 (557 words)

	Chronological History Timeline of the United States - SHG Resources
		January 30, 1781 - Maryland is the 13th State to ratify the Articles of Confederation.
		March 9, 1862 - The 1st ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack, meet at the Battle of the James River (resulting in a Union victory).
		On June 20, 1863, the wartime state of West Virginia was born by acceptance of the federal government.
	www.shgresources.com /us/timeline (8272 words)

	USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		George Washington creates the Order of the Purple Heart (for soldiers wounded in battle).
		May 8, 1846 - The Mexican War begins with the Battle of Palo Alto.
		9, 1862 - The 1st ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack, meet at the Battle of the James River (resulting in a Union victory).
	www.peacecity1.com /usa2.htm (8671 words)

	World War I information - Search.com
		The infantry was armed mostly with a bolt action magazine rifle, but the machine gun, with the ability to fire hundreds of rounds per minute, blunted infantry attacks as an offensive weapon; therefore, the British sought a solution and created the tank.
		Their first use proved tanks needed infantry support and massed formations, but within a year the British were fielding tanks by the hundreds and showed their potential during the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917 by breaking the Hindenburg Line while capturing 8000 enemy and 100 artillery guns.
		The Germans conducted air raids during 1915 and 1916 on England and London with airships with the intent to damage the morale and will to fight of the British and to cause aircraft to be reassigned to England away from the front lines.
	www.search.com /reference/World_War_I (10774 words)

	WarChron - December 1914 - Caucasian Front
		On 25 December, on the Caucasian Front, the Turkish 3rd Army offensive reached its limit at the Battle of Sarikamis.
		The Turks now believed they were outnumbered and broke off the battle, bivouacking in temperatures of twenty degrees below zero.
		In the Black Sea, the German battle cruiser Goeben ran onto two Russian mines off the Bosporus, sustaining heavy damage.
	www.warchron.com /caucasianFront.htm (605 words)

	Anatolian Fortnight: Armenian Ghosts
		At the Battle of Manzikert, Byzantine emperor Romanus Diogenes was humiliated by the forces of the Seljuk Turks, led by Sultan Alp Arslan.
		Captured by the Seljuks and forced to pay annual tribute, Romanus had lost the battle in part because of treacherous Byzantine rivals who may have encouraged their troops to retreat prematurely.
		Enver planned to capture Sarikamis as the first step in liberating the Caucasus, but the frigid weather had devastated his Army of Islam -- thousands of men froze to death on their way to Sarikamis.
	www.edwebproject.org /anatolia/kurdistan2.html (8015 words)

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